Hukama huripo pakati peUzivi neTheology
Munhoroondo yenhoroondo yepfungwa, zvikoro zvakawanda zvakabatana zvakadzama sepfungwa nedzidziso. Sezvikoro, zvose zvinotsvaga kuburitsa chokwadi nezvekuvapo, chokwadi, uye mamiriro evanhu, kunyangwe kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana nemisimboti. Uzivi, se "rudo rweuchenjeri," hunotsvaga mhinduro kuburikidza nekufunga, kufunga, uye kutarisa kwezviitiko. Kune rumwe rutivi, dzidziso yechitendero ikudzidza kwehuMwari, kutsvaga kunzwisisa chokwadi chechitendero kuburikidza nemagwaro matsvene, tsika, uye ruzivo rwemweya. Pano, chinyorwa chino chinoongorora hukama hwakaoma pakati peminda iyi miviri, ichiratidza nzvimbo dzekubatana, kusiyana, uye simba radzo munhoroondo yese.
Nhoroondo Yenhoroondo
Hukama hwenhoroondo pakati peuzivi nedzidziso yezvechitendero hwakakura uye hune mativi akawanda. Socrates, Plato, naAristotle vakaisa hwaro hweuzivi hwekuMadokero, vachiongorora nyaya dzetsika, metaphysical, uye epistemological vasina kutaura zvakananga nezvedzidziso dzechitendero. Asi, zvinhu zvepfungwa dzavo zvakapesvedzera hurukuro dzezvechitendero. Semuenzaniso, pfungwa yaPlato yeMafomu yakafuridzira vafundisi vechiKristu vekare vakaona kufanana mupfungwa yezvinyorwa zvamwari.
Munguva yepakati nepakati, kusanganiswa kweuzivi hwechiGiriki nedzidziso dzechiKristu kwakasvika padanho repamusoro. Vafungi vakaita saAugustine weHippo naThomas Aquinas vakabatanidza pfungwa dzaPlatonic nedzeAristotle muzvikamu zvedzidziso dzechitendero. Kubatanidzwa kwaAquinas kweuzivi hwaAristotle mu“Summa Theologica” kunoratidza kusanganiswa uku, uko kufunga nekutenda zvaisaonekwa sezvinopesana asi zvichipindirana. Pano, uzivi hwechisikigo (hwakatanga sainzi yemazuva ano) nedzidziso dzechitendero tsvene zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuti zvinzwisise zvakasikwa nenzvimbo yevanhu mairi.
Nzvimbo dzeKubatana
Uzivi nedzidziso dzechitendero zvinowanzosangana mukutsvaga kwavo chokwadi chekupedzisira. Masangano ese ari maviri anobvunza mibvunzo yekutanga: Chii chinonzi chokwadi? Chii chinoumba hupenyu hwetsika? Pane chinangwa chekupedzisira kana mugumo (telos) wehupenyu hwevanhu here? Kunyange zvazvo nzira dzavo dzingasiyana, pfungwa dzemibvunzo iyi dzinowanzoenderana.
1. Metaphysics neOntology: Masangano ese ari maviri ane hanya zvikuru nehunhu hwekuvapo. Metaphysics yeuzivi inopinda mumibvunzo yekuvapo, chokwadi, uye chikonzero, nzvimbo dzakakoshawo mukuferefeta kwezvechitendero. Semuenzaniso, pfungwa yaMwari se "chikonzero chisina chikonzero" kana "munhu anodiwa" inoenderana zvakanyanya nekukurukurirana kwemetaphysical nezvehunhu hwekuvapo.
2. Epistemology: Dzidziso yechitendero nefilosofi zvese zvinorwisana nemibvunzo yeruzivo nekutenda. Epistemology yefilosofi inoongorora hwaro nemiganhu yeruzivo rwevanhu, ichipindirana nepfungwa dzechitendero pamusoro pekuzarurwa kwaMwari, kutenda, nekufunga. Kururamisa zvine musoro kwemaitiro ekutenda inyaya inodyidzana, kunyanya muuzivi hwechitendero.
3. Tsika neMaitiro: Kufunga nezvetsika kunosanganisa uzivi nedzidziso yezvechitendero. Zvose zvinotsvaga kunzwisisa nekupa maitiro etsika, zvichiwanzosvika pamhedziso dzakafanana nenzira dzakasiyana. Tsika dzezvechitendero dzinoshandisa mirairo yaMwari nedzidziso dzechitendero, nepo tsika dzepfungwa dzingavimba nepfungwa, misimboti yekushandisa, kana tsika dzakanaka.
Nzvimbo Dzekusiyana
Pasinei nekupindirana kukuru, uzivi nedzidziso dzechitendero zvinosiyana-siyana mumanyuko azvo esimba uye nzira. Kusiyana uku dzimwe nguva kunogona kukonzera kusawirirana, sezvinoonekwa mumakakatanwa enhoroondo akadai senyaya yaGalileo kana gakava remazuva ano pamusoro pebasa rechitendero muhupenyu hwevanhu.
1. Manyuko Esimba: Dzidziso yechitendero inowanzowana simba kubva mumagwaro matsvene, zvakazarurwa naMwari, uye tsika dzechitendero. Vazivi, mukusiyana, vanosimbisa kufunga, humbowo hwekuongorora, uye nzira dzekutaura. Musiyano uyu musimba rekutanga unowanzo tungamira kune nzira dzakasiyana uye mhedziso pamusoro penyaya dzakafanana.
2. Maitiro: Kuferefeta kweuzivi kunoshandisa ongororo yakadzama, nharo dzine musoro, uye kusava nechokwadi sezvishandiso zvekutsvaga. Dzidziso yezvechitendero, kunyange ichigona kusanganisira kukurukurirana zvine musoro uye ongororo, inoshanda zvakanyanya mukati mehurongwa hwetsika dzechitendero uye zvakazarurwa zvaMwari. Musiyano uyu mumaitiro unogona kukonzera maonero akasiyana pamibvunzo yakafanana.
3. Chinangwa neZvinangwa Zvekupedzisira: Chinangwa chedzidziso yezvechitendero hachisi kungonzwisisa Mwari chete asiwo kusimudzira hukama naye, kazhinji ichitsanangura mararamiro akavakirwa pazvitendero. Uzivi, kunyange huchigona kutaura nezvekurarama hupenyu hwakanaka, hunowanzoita izvozvo zvichibva pamaonero evanhu, huchiisa pfungwa dzine musoro neruzivo rwezvakawanikwa kupfuura mirairo yaMwari.
Kupesvedzerana
Pasinei nekusiyana kwazvo, huzivi nedzidziso dzechitendero zvakachinjana zvikuru. Pfungwa dzakawanda dzakakosha dzehuzivi dzine zvadzinoreva padzidziso dzechitendero, uye zvinopesanawo. Kudyidzana uku kunoonekwa muzviitiko zvakawanda zvinokosha munhoroondo.
1. Dzidzo yeMiddle Ages: Munguva yeMiddle Ages yakaona hurukuro yakasimba pakati peuzivi nedzidziso yezvechitendero. Nyanzvi dzezvechitendero dzakadai saThomas Aquinas dzakashandisa uzivi hwaAristotle senzira yekutsanangura nekugadzirisa dzidziso dzechiKristu. Nguva iyi yakagadzira basa rakawanda rakagadzira kuferefeta zvine musoro uye dzidziso dzezvechitendero.
2. Kujekeswa: Nguva yeKujekeswa yakaona shanduko ichienda kupfungwa, sainzi, uye kuzvimirira, zvichipikisa zvitendero zvechitendero zvakagara zviripo. Asi, vazhinji vanofunga nezveKujekeswa ivo pachavo vakapesvedzerwa zvakanyanya nepfungwa dzezvechitendero, uye kutsoropodza kwavo kwaiwanzoiswa mukati mekunzwisisa kwekare kwezvechitendero kwechokwadi neruzivo.
3. Kuvapo Kwemunhu Nepfungwa Dzazvino: Muzana remakore rechi19 nerechi20, vazivi vepfungwa dzehupenyu hwemunhu vakaita saSøren Kierkegaard naJean-Paul Sartre vakasangana nematambudziko ezvinoreva, kuvapo, uye hunhu hwemunhu, kazhinji mumashoko echitendero. Kunyangwe Sartre paakataura kuti "kuvapo kunotangira hunhu" muchimiro chechitendero chehupenyu hwemunhu, kuvapo kwechiKristu kwaKierkegaard kwakapesvedzera hurukuro yakakura.
mhedziso
Hukama huripo pakati peuzivi nedzidziso yezvechitendero hwakaoma, hunoratidzwa nekuwirirana uye kusiyana. Kunyange zvazvo vachitarisana nemibvunzo pamusoro pekuvapo, tsika, neruzivo zvakasiyana, kutsvaga kwavo kukuru kunzwisisa ruzivo rwevanhu, hunhu hwechokwadi, uye huMwari kwakaita kuti pave nekuwirirana kukuru kwepfungwa. Nguva dzenhoroondo dzekubatanidzwa nekusawirirana dzinopupurira simba radzo pamwe chete uye kufambira mberi kwekukurukurirana pakati pekufunga nekutenda.
Munguva dzazvino, kudyidzana pakati peuzivi nedzidziso yezvechitendero kuchiri kushanda, kuchigadzirisa matambudziko matsva nemibvunzo inokonzereswa nekufambira mberi kwesainzi, shanduko dzetsika, uye kutsvaga zvinoreva munyika iri kuramba ichichinja. Hukama uhwu hunogara huripo hunosimbisa kukosha kuri kuramba kuripo kwedzidzo mbiri idzi mukutsvaga kwedu chokwadi pamwe chete.
