Kuvapo kwechiKristu kwaKierkegaard: Kuongorora
Søren Kierkegaard, anowanzo zivikanwa sababa vechitendero chehupenyu hwemunhu, akagadzira huzivi hwakabatana zvakanyanya nedzidziso dzechiKristu. Maitiro ake aive akasiyana, achibatanidza kuoma kwekuferefeta kwehupenyu hwemunhu nehukuru hwechiKristu. Kubatanidzwa uku kwakaguma nechiKristu chehupenyu hwemunhu, hurongwa hunofunga nezvemamiriro emunhu, chinangwa, uye kukosha kwekutenda nenzira yakadzama uye yekuzviongorora.
The Historical Context
Søren Aabye Kierkegaard akazvarwa muna 1813 muCopenhagen, Denmark. Hupenyu hwake hwairatidzwa nekufungisisa kwakasimba kwemunhu nekwemweya, kwakakonzerwa nehukama hwake hwakaoma nababa vake, kubatanidzwa kwake naRegine Olsen, uye kutambura kwake netsika dzenzanga. Izvi zvinogadzira nzira yekunyora kwake kwakadzama uye kunowanzo shungurudza kweuzivi. Kierkegaard akararama munguva iyo uzivi hweHegelian hwaive hwakakura, huchizivisa maonero epasirese akarongeka uye anenge akatsunga. Pfungwa yaKierkegaard, munzira dzakawanda, yaive mhinduro inopesana nekurongeka uku kwehupenyu nekutenda.
Kusvetuka Kwekutenda
Chinhu chikuru muchitendero chechiKristu chaKierkegaard ipfungwa ye "kusvetuka kwekutenda." Kusiyana zvakanyanya nepfungwa yekufunga, iyo inotsvaga kusimbisa kutenda muhumbowo hwechokwadi kana kutsanangura zvine musoro, Kierkegaard anoti kutenda kwechokwadi kunosanganisira nyongano huru. Anoti chiKristu chinoda kutenda mudzidziso dzisinganzwisisike - dzinogamuchira pfungwa dzevanhu nekunzwisisa.
Kuna Kierkegaard, kutenda hakusi kungobvuma pfungwa chete asi kuzvipira nemoyo wese. Kusvetuka uku kwekutenda kunosanganisira njodzi yemunhu, kuzvipira kune chimwe chinhu chisinganzwisiswe zvizere kana kuratidzwa nepfungwa chete. Imhando yekusarudza zvinhu muhupenyu, uko munhu anosarudza kutenda nekuzvipira pasinei nekushaikwa kwechokwadi chine musoro.
Matanho Enzira Yehupenyu
Kierkegaard anotsanangura matanho matatu ehupenyu: runako, tsika, uye zvechitendero. Matanho aya anomiririra nzira dzakasiyana dzekuvapo uye kubatana nehupenyu.
1. Danho Rerunako: Mudanho iri, vanhu vanotsvaga mafaro, runako, uye zviitiko zvepfungwa. Hupenyu hunosvikwa nepfungwa dzemufaro, dzinowanzova dzepamusoro apo kutevedzera zvishuwo zvemunhu kunotanga. Danho iri rinoratidzwa nepfungwa yekukurumidzira uye rinowanzo tungamira mukufinhwa kana kuora mwoyo nekuda kwehunhu hwaro hwenguva pfupi uye husina kuzadzikiswa.
2. Danho Retsika: Pano, vanhu vanotanga kutsvaga hupenyu hwakarongeka, vachitungamirirwa netsika dzenzanga, mabasa, uye mitoro yetsika. Danho retsika rinosanganisira kuzvipira uye mutoro kune ivo pachavo nevamwe. Zvisinei, rinogonawo kutungamira mukuora mwoyo, sezvo risingape zvinoreva zvakakwana kana kugadzirisa mibvunzo yakadzama yekuvapo.
3. Danho reChitendero: Mugumo wekufambira mberi kwehupenyu hwaKierkegaard idanho rechitendero, rinoratidzwa nehukama hwakadzama naMwari. Danho iri rinopfuura runako netsika nekugamuchira kutenda. Rinoda kuzvipira zvizere kuna Mwari nekugamuchirwa kwedzidziso dzechiKristu, kunyangwe padzingave dzisinganyatsonzwisiswi kana kuti dzisinganzwisisike.
Pfungwa Yekuora Mwoyo
Kuora mwoyo ndeimwe pfungwa huru yepfungwa dzaKierkegaard, yaanoona sechikamu chakakosha chehupenyu hwevanhu. Anoongorora pfungwa iyi zvakadzama mubhuku rinonzi “Kurwara Kusvika Kurufu.” Kuora mwoyo, kuna Kierkegaard, kunobva pakusawirirana pakati pemunhu nehupenyu husingaperi—hukama hwake naMwari. Anoona marudzi akasiyana ekuora mwoyo, kubva pakusaziva hukama uhwu naMwari kusvika pakuramba kuugamuchira.
Kuna Kierkegaard, kukunda kuora mwoyo kunogoneka kuburikidza nechikamu chechitendero apo munhu anoziva kuvimba kwake naMwari uye anobvuma kuva kwake chaiye. Kuziva uku kunoda kusvetuka kwekutenda uye kugamuchira kuva kwake pachake maererano naMwari, zvichitungamira kumamiriro erugare uye kuzvida kwechokwadi.
Kutaurirana Kusina Kunanga uye Munyori Wenhema
Kierkegaard ainyatsoziva nezvehunhu hwechokwadi chehupenyu, izvo zvakaita kuti ashandise nzira yekutaurirana zvisina kunanga. Aiwanzo nyora achishandisa mazita akasiyana-siyana ekunyepedzera, rimwe nerimwe richimiririra maonero akasiyana uye matanho ekuvapo. Maitiro aya akabvumira vaverengi kuti vanyatsonzwisisa pfungwa dzake, achivakurudzira kuti vagadzirise mibvunzo yehupenyu hwavo pachavo pane kugamuchira mhinduro dzakasimba.
Kushandisa kwake mazita ekunyepedzera kunoratidzawo kuoma uye hunhu hwakawanda hwehupenyu hwevanhu. Kunokurudzira vaverengi kuti vafambe mumabasa ake uye vaongorore matanho akasiyana-siyana uye nzira dzekufunga dzinomiririrwa nemanzwi aya akasiyana.
Munhu Mumwe Neboka revanhu
Kusimbisa kwaKierkegaard panyaya yekuzvimirira kwemunhu mumwe chete kwakasiyana zvikuru nemafungiro evanhu venguva yake. Aitsoropodza kufamba kwevanhu vakawanda uye tsika yekurasikirwa nehupenyu hwake pakati pevanhu. Kierkegaard aitenda kuti kutenda kwechokwadi uye chokwadi chehupenyu zvinogona kungoonekwa chete kana munhu akasangana neruzivo rwake uye kuita sarudzo dzake pachake.
Akati vanhu vazhinji vanokurudzira kusazvibata zvakanaka uye vanoderedza mutoro wemunhu. Saka, rwendo rwekurarama hupenyu nderwega, apo munhu wese anodanwa kuti atarisana nematambudziko ake ehupenyu, aite sarudzo dzechokwadi, uye ataure naMwari padanho remunhu oga.
Kukosha Kwepfungwa dzaKierkegaard Nhasi
Pfungwa yaKierkegaard yekuti zvinhu zvinogara zviripo inoramba ichikosha zvikuru muhurukuro dzemazuva ano. Munguva ino ine kusava nechokwadi, chokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvinogara zviripo, uye kutya kuti zvinhu zvinogara zviripo, kusimbisa kwake kutenda kwake, mararamiro echokwadi, uye kurwisana nekuora mwoyo kunonyanya kushanda.
Dambudziko rake rekugamuchira kusvetuka kwekutenda pakati pekusava nechokwadi uye kusava nechokwadi kunoramba kuchikurudzira avo vari kutsvaga zvinoreva kupfuura miganhu yekufunga uye chokwadi chekuongorora. Uyezve, kuongorora kwake iye pachake, hunhu hwake, uye mamiriro evanhu kunopa nzwisiso inokosha mumatambudziko ehupenyu hwemazuva ano.
mhedziso
Kuvapo kwechiKristu kwaKierkegaard ipfungwa yakapfuma, ine mativi akawanda inokoka vanhu kuti vatange rwendo rwakadzama rwekutenda uye kuzviwana. Inoedza mutendi kuti atarisane nepfungwa dzisina kujeka dzekuvapo, agamuchire kusvetuka kwekutenda, uye awane zvinoreva kuburikidza nehukama hwechokwadi naMwari. Nekuita izvi, Kierkegaard haana kungoisa hwaro hwepfungwa dzechokwadi dzekuvapo asi akapawo nzira yekurarama kwechiKristu chaiko iyo ichiri kukurudzira uye ichimutsa kufunga kusvika nanhasi.
