B Lymphocytes uye Mhinduro Yemuviri Yekudzivirira Humoral
Masoja emuviri evanhu ane nzira dzakaoma dzekudzivirira nadzo zvirwere zvakaita semabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, nezvimwe zvipenyu zvekunze. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chemasoja emuviri anochinjika iB lymphocytes, iyo inoita basa mumhinduro chaiyo yemasoja emuviri. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora basa rakakosha reB lymphocytes, maitiro ekuumbwa kwemasoja emuviri, uye kukosha kwawo mumhinduro chaiyo yemasoja emuviri kuzvirwere.
Chii chinonzi B Lymphocytes?
MaB lymphocytes, kana kuti masero eB, rudzi rwemasero machena eropa anotanga mumongo wemapfupa. Masero eB chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwekudzivirira muviri hunochinjika, kunyanya kuziva maantigen ekune dzimwe nyika kuburikidza nemareceptor chaiwo anozivikanwa seB-cell receptors (BCRs). Paanoziva antigen chaiyo, masero eB anogona kugadzira maantibodies anobatsira kuparadza kana kudzikamisa utachiona.
Kubudirira uye Kusiyanisa kweB Lymphocytes
Maitiro ekukura kweB lymphocyte anotanga mumongo wemapfupa. Pano, masero eB precursor anotevedzana matanho ekusiyanisa apo anowana kugona kugadzira maBCR receptors. Mushure mekunge masero eB afambira mberi kubva padanho iri rekukura, anopinda muropa semasero eB asina ruzivo asati asangana neantigen.
Pakusangana neantigen yakakodzera, masero eB asina ruzivo anotanga kushanda uye anochinja-chinja. Maitiro aya anokanganiswa nekudyidzana nemasero eT anobatsira ari panze, akadai sema lymph nodes nedzimwe lymphoid tishu. Mamwe masero eB anopatsanurwa kuita masero eplasma, ayo anogadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere, nepo mamwe achizova masero eB ekurangarira, ayo anogona kukurumidza kupindura kana asanganazve neantigen imwe chete.
Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere uye Mabasa Awo
Ma antibodies, kana kuti immunoglobulins, mapuroteni anogadzirwa nemasero eplasma achipindura maantigen chaiwo. Kune mapoka akasiyana-siyana ema antibodies, anosanganisira IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, uye IgD, rimwe nerimwe riine basa raro uye nzvimbo yaro mumuviri.
– IgM: Iyi ndiyo antibody yekutanga inogadzirwa panguva yehutachiona hwakakomba, uye inoshanda senzira yekutanga yekudzivirira.
– IgG: Antibody yakawanda kwazvo muropa uye mumvura dziri kunze kwemuviri, inoita basa guru mukudzivirira kwenguva refu.
– IgA: Inonyanya kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzemuviri dzakadai sedzekugaya chikafu nedzekufema, zvichidzivirira munzvimbo dzakatarisana nemamiriro ekunze.
– IgE: Kunyangwe iri muhuwandu hushoma, IgE ine basa rakakosha mukuita kweallergy uye kudzivirira tupukanana.
– IgD: Basa rayo chairo harisati ranyatsonzwisiswa, asi inofungidzirwa kuti ine basa guru mukuita kuti B cell ishande.
Mhinduro yeMadziviriro Emuviri Ane Hunhu Hwekusetsa
Mhinduro chaiyo yekudzivirira muviri yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: humoral necellular. Chikamu chemasero chinosanganisira mashandiro emasero eT, nepo chikamu chehumoral chine chekuita nekugadzirwa uye mashandiro emasoja emuviri anogadzirwa nemasero eB. Mhinduro yemasoja emuviri inokonzeresa kudzikisira hutachiona hunotenderera uye chepfu dzehutachiona hunokuvadza.
Kana utachiona hukapinda mumuviri kekutanga uye hukaonekwa nemasoja emuviri, masero eB anoziva antigen kuburikidza neBCR. Kusunga antigen neBCR kunoita kuti masero eB ashande, ayo anobva asiyana kuita masero eplasma uye anogadzira ma antibodies chaiwo kune antigen iyoyo.
Ma antibodies aya anoshanda nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti abvise njodzi. Anogona kusunganidza zvakananga kune hutachiona kana chepfu, zvichivhara kugona kwawo kutapurira kana kukuvadza masero emuviri. Uyezve, ma antibodies anoisawo zviratidzo zvehutachiona kuti huparadzwe ne phagocytes kuburikidza ne opsonization.
Kukosha kweMasero eB muChipatara
Kunzwisisa mashandiro eB lymphocytes uye antibody kune zvakunoreva mukurapa uye biotechnology:
1. Kuongororwa kweChirwere: Kuyera huwandu hwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere muropa kunogona kubatsira kuona kuvapo kwehutachiona kana maitiro asina kujairika ekudzivirira chirwere, kusanganisira zvirwere zve autoimmune.
2. Kugadzirwa kweMajekiseni: Majekiseni akagadzirirwa kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwemasero eB memory, izvo zvinoita kuti pave nekupindura nekukurumidza uye kwakasimba kana pakava nechirwere chimwe chete.
3. Kurapa kweMonoclonal Antibody: Ma antibodies emonoclonal akagadzirwa nenzira yekugadzira ave chishandiso chakakosha mukurapa zvirwere zvakaita sekenza, pamwe nezvirwere zve autoimmune uye zvinotapukira.
Matambudziko Ekutsvaga uye Tarisiro
Pasinei nekufambira mberi kukuru mukutsvagisa paB lymphocytes uye maitiro ehumoral, zvinhu zvakawanda zvichiri kuda kuongororwa zvakanyanya. Matambudziko anosanganisira kunzwisisa nzira dzakadzama dzinodzora mashandiro eB cell uye kunzwisisa shanduko mumaitiro ehumoral immune system zvichienderana nezera kana chirwere.
Pamusoro pezvo, kuwanikwa nekuvandudzwa kwenzira dzakachengeteka uye dzinoshanda dzekurapa immune system kuchiri chinhu chikuru chiri kutariswa mukutsvaga kwesainzi.
Mhedziso
MaB lymphocytes uye mhinduro chaiyo yekudzivirira muviri kubva kuzvirwere zvinotapukira ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha pakudzivirira kwemuviri kubva kuzvirwere zvinotapukira. Kugona kwemasero eB kugadzira maantibodies chaiwo kubva kuantigens inorwisa ndiyo musimboti wekudzivirira muviri kuchinjika. Kunzwisisa zvakakwana mashandiro emasero eB uye mitemo kwakakosha kwete chete pakuongorora nekurapa chirwere asiwo pakuvandudza nzira dzakavandudzwa dzekudzivirira hutano hwevanhu mune ramangwana.
