Mhando dzeMatunhu
Dunhu ipfungwa yenzvimbo inoreva nzvimbo chaiyo kana nzvimbo ine miganhu nemaitiro akasiyana. Mukudzidza nezvenzvimbo nesainzi dzakabatana, nzvimbo dzinogona kunzwisiswa kubva pamaonero akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira epanyama, etsika, ehupfumi, uye ekutonga. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora mhando dzenzvimbo kubva pamaonero akasiyana aya.
1. Nzvimbo Yemuviri
Nzvimbo dzepanyama dzinowanzobatanidzwa nenzvimbo dzechisikigo, dzinosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita senzvimbo, mamiriro ekunze, maruva, nemhuka. Mukati menzvimbo dzepanyama, tinogona kudziisa mumapoka anotevera:
a. Nzvimbo yeMapani
Mapani inzvimbo dzine nzvimbo dzakati sandara uye dzakaderera. Mapani anogona kukamurwa kuita nzvimbo dzakaderera, nzvimbo dzakakwirira, uye nzvimbo dzine mvura yakawanda, idzo dzinowanzova dzakaorera uye dzakakodzera kurima. Muenzaniso unozivikanwa wenzvimbo dzine mvura yakawanda iNile River Delta muEgypt.
b. Dunhu reMakomo
Dunhu iri rine makomo akawanda uye nzvimbo dzakakwirira. Mugumisiro wenzvimbo dzakakwirira inyaya yekuchinja-chinja kwakanyanya kwemamiriro ekunze uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzakadai sekudengenyeka kwenyika. MaAndes muSouth America muenzaniso wenzvimbo yakakura ine makomo.
c. Nzvimbo dzeGungwa
Nzvimbo dzegungwa dzinoreva nzvimbo dziri pedyo negungwa kana gungwa. Nzvimbo idzi dzinowanzova nehupfumi hwezvakatipoteredza uye dzinoshanda senzvimbo dzezvehupfumi hwegungwa. Zvisinei, dzine mukana wekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kukwira kwehuwandu hwegungwa.
2. Nzvimbo dzeNharaunda neTsika
Nzvimbo dzemagariro evanhu netsika dzinosanganisira nzvimbo dzinotsanangurwa nemaitiro evanhu vanogara madziri. Zvinhu zvakaita semutauro, tsika, uye kuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo zvinowanzova zvinhu zvikuru.
a. Nzvimbo Dzakavakirwa Pamarudzi
Nzvimbo idzi dzinoumbwa zvichibva pakufanana kwemadzinza kana kuti rudzi rwevanhu vanogara madziri. Muenzaniso inharaunda yeNavajo Nation muUnited States, iyo inopa kuzvitonga nekuchengetedzwa kwetsika kumaNative America.
b. Nzvimbo yechitendero
Kuvapo kwechitendero chimwe chete kunogona kugadzira nzvimbo dzechitendero. Mienzaniso inosanganisira Vatican City, nzvimbo yeRoman Catholic, kana dunhu reHijaz muSaudi Arabia, iro rine kukosha kukuru kuvaMuslim.
c. Nzvimbo dzeTsika nedzeChinyakare
Dunhu iri rine tsika dzakasiyana uye zvigadzirwa zveunyanzvi. Semuenzaniso, Yogyakarta muIndonesia inozivikanwa senzvimbo yetsika dzechiJavanese dzakapfuma muhunyanzvi hwechinyakare.
3. Dunhu rezvehupfumi
Nzvimbo dzehupfumi dzinoumbwa zvichibva pamabasa adzo ehupfumi nezviwanikwa zvadzinazvo. Kubudirira kwenzvimbo dzehupfumi kunowanzo tarisa pakushandiswa nekutarisira zviwanikwa zviripo kuti hupfumi hugadzikane uye hufambire mberi.
a. Nzvimbo yeMaindasitiri
Nzvimbo ine mabasa akawanda emaindasitiri. Nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri dzinowanzo kupa zvivakwa nezvivakwa zvekutsigira mabasa ekugadzira. Muenzaniso wenzvimbo huru yemaindasitiri iRuhr muGermany.
b. Nzvimbo yeKurima
Nzvimbo yakatsaurirwa kurima kana kurima zvipfuyo, hunhu hwevhu, uye mamiriro ekunze zvinopesvedzera zvakanyanya rudzi rwekurima runokura. Rwizi rweGanges muIndia ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzekurima dzekare uye dzakakura pasi rose.
c. Nzvimbo Yekutengeserana
Yakagadzirwa uye yakatarisana nekutengeserana uye mabasa ebasa, inowanzo kuve panzvimbo dzakarongeka panzvimbo huru dzekufambisa. Singapore, seguta-nyika, muenzaniso mukuru wenzvimbo inovimba zvakanyanya nekutengeserana.
4. Dunhu reKutonga
Kupatsanurana kwehutungamiriri zvinoreva kupatsanurana kwenyika kana dunhu kuita zvikamu zvehurumende nechinangwa chekurerutsa manejimendi nehutungamiriri. Chikamu ichi chinowanzo sarudza marongero, mitemo, nemirau zvinoshanda munharaunda iyoyo.
a. Nyika
Nyika huru pane dzose dziri muhurongwa hwekutonga dzine hurumende yakazvimirira. Nyika imwe neimwe ine miganhu yenyika inozivikanwa pasi rose.
b. Dunhu/Dunhu
Chikamu chenyika ine simba rekutonga nyaya dzayo dzemuno, dzimwe nguva iine hurongwa hwayo hwehurumende semuUnited States kana India.
c. Regency/Guta
Mapoka madiki ekutonga anotarisira nyaya dzemunharaunda mukati medunhu. Nharaunda yemitemo iri pedyo nevanhu, ichibata nyaya dzezuva nezuva dzakadai sedzidzo yekutanga nehutano.
5. Nzvimbo Dzinoshanda
Dunhu rinoshanda inzvimbo inozivikanwa nebasa rayo guru kana kuti zviitiko. Inosanganisira kudyidzana kwakasiyana-siyana kwehupfumi, magariro evanhu, uye kutakura zvinhu kunobatanidza dunhu iri.
a. Dunhu reMaguta Makuru
Musanganiswa wemaguta makuru akati wandei nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza, Jakarta nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza zvinoumba Greater Jakarta (Jabodetabek), imwe yenzvimbo huru dzemaguta muSoutheast Asia.
b. Nzvimbo Yekushanya
Yakagadzirwa kuti ikwezve vashanyi nekupa nzvimbo dzinokwezva vashanyi, hupfumi hwavo hunowanzoenderana nebasa iri. Semuenzaniso, Bali inoratidza izvi nemahombekombe ayo netsika dzakapfuma.
c. Nzvimbo Yekutengeserana
Nzvimbo yakatarisana nemabasa ekutengeserana, senge nzvimbo yekutenga kana nzvimbo yebhizinesi. Mamwe maguta makuru ane nzvimbo dzakatsaurirwa chinangwa ichi, dzakadai seCentral Business District (CBD) mumaguta mazhinji pasi rose.
Mhedziso
Kunzwisisa mhando dzakasiyana dzematunhu kwakakosha pakugadzirwa kwemitemo, kuronga kwematunhu, uye kugovera zviwanikwa. Rudzi rwega rwega rwedunhu rune hunhu hwarwo nematambudziko arwo anoda kutarisirwa kwakanangana uye kurapwa. Nekunzwisisa hunhu uye mashandiro erudzi rwega rwedunhu, tinogona kugadzira nzira dzebudiriro dzinoshanda uye dzinogara kwenguva refu. Izvi zvinogona zvakare kubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana-siyana anogona kuitika, kubva kune zvakatipoteredza kusvika kune zvehupfumi.
