Zvinyorwa zveMutemo zvaKepler
Unoyeuka here nguva yako yekutanga uchikwira mota (kwete pawaiva mucheche)? Pawaiva mumotokari inofamba, waiona sekunge miti kana zvivakwa zviri kufamba. Panguva iyoyo, waigona kunge waifunga kuti miti kana zvivakwa zviri kufamba, iwe nemotokari muchiri. Muchokwadi, iwe nemotokari maiva muchifamba, miti kana zvivakwa zvichiri kufamba. Isu tinonyatsoona kufamba uku kana kufamba kwenhema zuva rega rega. Mangwanani ega ega zuva "rinobuda" kumabvazuva, robva raenda kumadokero ro "doka" kumadokero masikati. Saizvozvowo, husiku, unowanzoona mwedzi uchifamba kubva kumabvazuva kuenda kumadokero. Wakambofunga here kana kufungidzira kuti zuva nemwedzi zvinofamba-famba pasi, pasi richiri kufamba?
Vanhu vekare (pakutanga kweAD) vaitendawo kuti zuva, mwedzi, nezvimwe zvinhu zvekudenga zvaitenderera Pasi, nepo Pasi richiramba rakamira. Nemamwe mashoko, Pasi raionekwa sepakati pechisiko chose (geocentric). Kufungidzira uku kwakavakirwa paruzivo rwevanhu rwakaganhurirwa, rwaiona zuva, mwedzi, nenyeredzi dzichifamba zuva nezuva, nepo Pasi richionekwa serakamira. Zvakafanana nepaunenge uri mumotokari inofamba, uchiona sekunge miti kana zvivakwa zviri kufamba. Pfungwa iyi yekuti Pasi ndiro pakati pechisiko chose yakatsvakurudzwa uye yakagadzirwa nenyanzvi yenyeredzi yechiGiriki Claudius Ptolemy (100-170 AD) muzana remakore rechipiri AD uye yakatendwa kwemakore 1400 akatevera.
Sekureva kwaPtolemy, Nyika iri pakati penyika yezuva. Zuva nemapuraneti zvinotenderera mudenderedzwa (kutenderera), pakati pedenderedzwa iri zvichitenderera Nyika munzira yakatenderera (revolution).
Muna 1543, nyanzvi yezvemuchadenga yekuPoland Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) akakurudzira modhi yekutarisa denga, umo zuva riri pakati penyika yezuva. Mapuraneti, kusanganisira Pasi, anotenderera denderedzwa (kutenderera), nepakati pedenderedzwa iri richitenderera zuva munzira yakatenderera (revolution). Copernicus aive nekunzwisisa kwakanyanya kupfuura Ptolemy, achiisa zuva pakati penyika yezuva. Zvisinei, Copernicus achiri kushandisa madenderedzwa semuenzaniso wekutenderera kwemapuraneti.
Nyanzvi yezvemuchadenga yeDenmark ine mukurumbira yainzi Tycho Brahe (1546 - 1601) ndiyo yaive nyanzvi yekupedzisira yezvemuchadenga kuona zvinhu zvemuchadenga ichishandisa ziso chete. Mushure mekuongorora kubva muna 1576 kusvika 1599, Tycho Brahe akabva ashanda pamwe chete nenyanzvi yezvemuchadenga yeGerman, Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630), uyo aivewo nyanzvi yemasvomhu. Kepler aive mubatsiri waTycho Brahe. Kushanda pamwe chete pakati paTycho Brahe naKepler hakuna kugara kwenguva refu nekuti Tycho Brahe akafa. Mushure mekufa kwaTycho Brahe, Kepler akashandisa data rezvemuchadenga rakawanikwa nemudzidzisi wake uye akapedza makore angangoita makumi maviri ehupenyu hwake achigadzira modhi yemasvomhu yekutsanangura kufamba kwemapuraneti.
Basa rekutanga raKepler mukuongorora nyeredzi, rinonzi The Mysteries of the Universe, rakaburitswa muna 1596. Mariri, akaedza kuwana kuwirirana pakati pema planetary orbits aCopernicus nekucherechedza kwaTycho Brahe. Zvisinei, Kepler akakundikana kuwana kuwirirana pakati pemamodheru akagadzirwa nekucherechedza kwaCopernicus naPtolemy naTycho Brahe. Saka, akasiya mamodheru aPtolemaic naCopernican ndokuedza kutsvaga modheru mutsva. Muna 1609, Kepler akaona kuti ellipse yacho yainyatsoenderana nekucherechedza kwaTycho Brahe. Kepler akanga asisashandisi madenderedzwa sechimiro chema planetary orbits emuchadenga, asi ma ellipses.
Mutemo uyu wakaunzwa naKepler makore makumi mashanu asati ataura mitemo yake mitatu yekufamba uye mutemo wepasi rose wesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi.
Mutemo wekutanga waKepler
Nzira yepuraneti yega yega painotenderera zuvai, chimiro chakaita denderedzwa, uko zuva riri pane imwe yenzvimbo dzakapoteredza.
Mutemo Wechipiri waKepler
Mutsetse wekufungidzira unobatanidza zuva nepasi unoburitsa nzvimbo dzakaenzana panguva dzakaenzana.
Mutemo wechitatu waKepler
Chiyero chechikwere chenguva yacho necube yeavhareji yedaro repasi kubva kuzuva (T2/r3) haichinji uye kukosha kwayo kwakafanana kumapuraneti ese.
