Simba Rekukwevera Zvinhu Pasi Nenguva
Simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi nenguva ipfungwa mbiri huru dzakabata masayendisiti nevazivi kwemazana emakore. Muchimiro chayo chiri nyore, simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rinovanda seri kwechakavanzika chekudyidzana pakati pemapoka makuru ari muchadenga, nepo nguva inowanzoonekwa sekufamba kwenguva kubva munguva yakapfuura kuenda kune yazvino uye pakupedzisira kuenda kune ramangwana. Zvisinei, dzidziso yaAlbert Einstein yehukama pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 yakachinja kunzwisisa kwedu pfungwa idzi mbiri uye yakaratidza hukama hwakaoma pakati padzo.
Dzidziso Yekutanga yeKuwirirana
Tisati tanyatsoongorora mashandiro anoita simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi nenguva, zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kukosha mudzidziso yaEinstein ye relativity.
Chekutanga, Special Relativity, yakatangwa naEinstein muna 1905, inoti mitemo yefizikisi yakafanana kune vese vanoongorora vachimhanya nguva dzose, uye kuti kumhanya kwechiedza mu vacuum hakuchinji kune vese vanoongorora. Dzidziso iyi yakaunza pfungwa yekuwedzera nguva, izvo zvinoratidza kuti nguva inogona kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kune mucherechedzi achifamba nekukurumidza zvikuru zvichienzaniswa nemucherechedzi ari kuzorora.
Gare gare, General Relativity, yakaunzwa naEinstein muna 1915, yakawedzera pfungwa dzeSpecial Relativity kuti inzwisise mhedzisiro yegiravhiti. Muchimiro ichi, gravity yakanga isisatsanangurike sesimba rinokwezva pakati pemasasi maviri, asi sekukanganiswa kwenzvimbo nenguva nehuremu. Nemamwe mashoko, huremu hukuru hunotenderedza nzvimbo nenguva yakaipoteredza, uye kutenderedza uku kunoita kuti zvinhu zvifambe sekunge zvakadhonzwa nesimba rinokwevera pasi.
Kukura Kwenguva Yegiravhiti
General Relativity yakaunza pfungwa yekuwedzerwa kwenguva inokwevera pasi. Zvichienderana nepfungwa iyi, kana tiri pedyo nechinhu chakasimba chinokwevera pasi, nguva inononoka kupfuura kwatiri kana tichienzanisa nevanoona vari kure.
Ngatitorei muenzaniso wegomba dema, chimwe chezvinhu zvakanyanya kuipa muchadenga. Magomba matema ane simba guru rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rose nekuti huremu hwawo hwakakura hwakaungana munzvimbo diki diki. Kana mutyairi wendege akaswedera pedyo negomba dema (muganhu unoratidza kuti hapana kudzoka, uko simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rakasimba zvekuti hapana chiedza chinogona kubuda), nguva yemutyairi wendege iyoyo yaizoderera zvakanyanya kana tichienzanisa nenguva yemunhu ari kuona ari kure. Kubva pamaonero emutariri ari kure, kufamba kwemutyairi wendege kwaizoratidzika sekuderera kusvika kwaita sekwamira paanosvika pedyo negomba.
Simba Panyika
Mhedzisiro yegiravhiti panguva haisi chinhu chemuchadenga chete; inogonawo kuonekwa paNyika, kunyangwe iri padanho diki kwazvo. Nyika, nehuremu hwayo hwakawanda, inotenderedzawo space-time ichiitenderedza. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nguva inopfuura zvishoma pamusoro peNyika kupfuura pakakwirira, senge pamusoro pegomo kana mumhepo inotenderera satellite.
Mhedzisiro iyi yakatanga kuratidzwa nekuyedza kwakaitwa naHafele-Keating muna 1971, umo mawachi maviri eatomu akanyatsojeka akatenderera Pasi, rimwe richienda kumabvazuva nerimwe richienda kumadokero. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti mawachi maviri aya, kana achienzaniswa newachi yekudzora yakaiswa paNyika, akasangana nemusiyano mudiki wenguva. Kuedza uku kwakapa humbowo hwakananga hwekuti mhedzisiro yehukama—kusanganisira kuwedzera kwenguva yegiravhiti—ndeyechokwadi.
Mhedzisiro paMasisitimu eGPS
Mhedzisiro yekuwedzerwa kwenguva inokwevera pasi ine basa guru mu tekinoroji yemazuva ano, kunyanya muGlobal Navigation Satellite (GPS) system. Masatellite eGPS anotenderera pasi pakakwirira kwemakiromita angangoita zviuru makumi maviri uye anofamba nekumhanya kwakanyanya. Nekuti simba rinokwevera pasi riri pasi pane pamusoro pePasi, uye nekuda kwemhedzisiro yehukama hwakakosha uye hwakajairwa, nguva pamasatellite inomhanya nekukurumidza kupfuura nguva paPasi. Pasina kugadziriswa kwemhedzisiro iyi yehukama, masisitimu eGPS achapa nzvimbo dzisina kururama, nekutsauka kusvika kumakiromita akati wandei pazuva.
Mainjiniya eGPS anofanira kufunga nezvemhedzisiro yacho yese: kuwedzera nguva nekuda kwekumhanya kwemasatellite (special relativity) uye kuwedzera nguva nekuda kwekureba kwemasatellite kubva kumunda wegiravhiti wePasi (general relativity). Nokudaro, wachi dzemasatellite dzakarongerwa kumhanya zvishoma pane wachi dzePasi, zvichitsiva musiyano wenguva kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yacho yakanyatsorongeka.
Kuongorora Kwemangwana
Zvichienderana nepfungwa dzakawanikwa kubva mudzidziso ye relativity, masayendisiti nevaongorori vanoramba vachiongorora kuti simba rinokwevera pasi rinokanganisa sei nguva munzvimbo dziri kure. Kuenda muchadenga kune mamwe mapuraneti nemwedzi, pamwe nekuferefeta zvinhu zvemuchadenga zvakanyanya zvakaita semaburi matema nenyeredzi dzemanyutroni, zvakagadzirirwa kuyedza miganhu ye relativity neruzivo rwedu rwezvinhu zvose zvakasikwa.
Uyezve, dzidziso ye relativity inoumbawo hwaro hwepfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana dzesainzi dzakadai sekufamba kwenguva uye wormholes (wormholes dzinobvumira kufamba nekukurumidza pakati penzvimbo mbiri muspace-time). Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa idzi dzichiri dzedzidziso uye dziri kure nekushanda, dzinopa maonero anonakidza ezvingangoitika rimwe zuva mune ramangwana.
Mhedziso
Simba rinokwevera pasi nenguva zvinhu zviviri zvemuchadenga zvinoita sezvisina hukama pakutanga, asi kuburikidza nedzidziso yaEinstein yehukama, tasvika pakunzwisisa kuti zvinosangana munzira dzakaoma uye dzakadzama. Mhedzisiro yesimba rinokwevera pasi panguva, kana kuti kuwedzera kwenguva inokwevera pasi, inoratidza kuti nguva haisi yenguva dzose uye haisi yepasi rose asi inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo inokwevera pasi uye kumhanya.
Kuwanikwa uku hakungowedzere kunzwisisa kwedu zvinhu zvose zvakasikwa chete asiwo kune mashandisirwo akakosha, kubva pakuiswa kwakarurama kweGPS kusvika kumabasa emuchadenga akaomarara. Kuburikidza nekutsvaga kwakawanda, tingangowana zvakavanzika zvakawanda zvine chekuita nehukama huripo pakati pegiravhiti nenguva, pamwe nemhedzisiro itsva yeruzivo urwu.
Neizvozvo, tava pedyo nekuongorora zvakadzama zvakasikwa izvi, izvo zvinogona kupindura mibvunzo yedu inokosha pamusoro pekuvapo nenguva yakatipoteredza.
