Tsananguro yeSimba reMagineti
Simba remagineti rimwe remasimba echisikigo ane hukama hwakasimba nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, asi rinowanzoita se "risinganzwisisike" nekuti rinoshanda pasina kubatana zvakananga. Tinogona kuzviona kana magineti ichikweva chipikiri, tsono yekambasi inonongedza kuchamhembe, kana kana mota yemagetsi ichishandura simba remagetsi kuita kufamba. Seri kwezviitiko izvi, simba remagineti rine tsananguro yakasimba yesainzi uye rakakosha mukuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yemazuva ano. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura tsananguro yesimba remagineti, manyuko aro, mashandiro aro, uye mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwaro muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Chii chinonzi Magnetic Force?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, simba remagineti isimba rinobva mukupesvedzerwa nesimba remagineti, kungave pane rimwe magineti, zvimwe zvinhu (zvakaita sesimbi), kana kushaikwa kwemagetsi kunofamba. Simba iri isimba risingabatanidzi (simba rinogona kushanda riri kure) nekuti zvinhu hazvifanirwe kubata kuti zvikwezve kana kudzingana.
Mufizikisi, simba remagineti rine hukama hwakasimba ne electromagnetism, hukama huripo pakati pemagetsi ne magnetism. Magnetism haisi "chinhu chezvimwe zvinhu" chete, asi chikamu chekudyidzana kwakakosha kunotsanangurawo kuti magetsi, minda yemagetsi, uye minda yemagineti zvinoita sei basa muhurongwa hwakawanda hwechisikigo uye hwetekinoroji.
Munda weMagineti: "Nzvimbo Inopesvedzera" Magnet
Kuti masimba emagineti ashande, panofanira kunge paine simba remagineti. Simba remagineti rinogona kunzwisiswa senzvimbo yakatenderedza magineti kana kondakita inotakura magetsi uko masimba emagineti anogona kunzwiwa. Simba remagineti rinowanzo kuratidzwa nemitsetse yesimba remagineti:
– Mitsetse yemumunda inobuda kubva kumucheto wekuchamhembe (N) yopinda kumucheto wekuchamhembe (S) kunze kwemagnet.
– Kana mitsetse yemumunda iri pedyo, simba remagineti rinosimbawo.
– Mitsetse yeminda haimbosangani.
Pfungwa yesimba remagineti inobatsira kutsanangura kuti sei mbambo ichikwezvwa kana yaunzwa pedyo negineti: mbambo iri mukati mesimba remagineti saka inosangana nesimba rinoikwevera kugineti.
Matanda Emagineti uye Kudyidzana Kwekukwezva-Kudzora
Magineti yega yega ine matanda maviri: danda rekuchamhembe (N) nedanda rekumaodzanyemba (S). Kudyidzana kwematanda kunotevera mutemo uri nyore:
– Sematanda anodzingana (N naN, S naS).
– Matanda akasiyana anokwezva (N neS).
Chiitiko ichi chinogona kuonekwa nemagineti maviri ebhawa. Kana mugumo wekuchamhembe wegineti imwe ukaswededzwa pedyo nemugumo wekuchamhembe wegineti imwe, anozobva aenda kure. Zvisinei, kana mugumo wekuchamhembe ukaswededzwa pedyo nemugumo wekumaodzanyemba, anoswedera pedyo pamwe chete uye anonamatirana.
Zvinofadza kuti magineti haana danda rimwe chete. Kana magineti ikachekwa nepakati, chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chicharamba chiine danda rekuchamhembe nerekumaodzanyemba. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti hunhu hwemagineti hahugone kupatsanurwa kuita "danda rimwe chete" mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa.
Magineti Anobva Kupi?
Magineti atinoziva anogona kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana:
1. Magineti anogara aripo, akadai semagineti ebhawa kana magineti eneodymium. Magineti aya anoramba aine magineti kwenguva yakareba.
2. Magetsi, ayo ari magineti anokonzerwa nekuyerera kwemagetsi kuburikidza newaya (solenoid), kazhinji ine simbi. Magetsi anogona kuvhurwa nekudzima, uye simba rawo rinogona kugadziriswa nekuchinja magetsi kana huwandu hwematenderedzwa.
3. Magineti echisikigo, akadai se lodestone, ane mineral magnetite uye anogona kukwezva simbi.
Padanho re microscopic, magnetism inobva pakufamba kwemaerekitironi uye hunhu hwemukati hwemaerekitironi hunonzi "spin." Muzvinhu zveferromagnetic zvakaita sesimbi, cobalt, uye nickel, nguva zhinji dzemaatomu magnetic dzinogona kurongeka munzira imwe chete, zvichigadzira simba remagineti rakasimba.
Simba reMagineti Pakufamba Kwemotokari
Pamusoro pekushanda pamagineti nezvinhu zveferromagnetic, masimba emagineti anokanganisawo kushaja kwemagetsi anofamba. Izvi ndizvo zvinoshandisa matekinoroji akawanda akadai semota dzemagetsi nemajenareta.
Mukufunga, kana chidimbu chakachajwa (semuenzaniso, erekitironi) chichifamba mumunda wemagineti, chinozosangana nesimba rakatenderedza divi rekufamba uye divi remunda wemagineti. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nzira yechidimbu inogona kutsauswa kana kuitwa denderedzwa. Iyi nheyo inoshandiswa mu:
– Cathode ray chubhu (tekinoroji yekare yechidzitiro),
- Kukurumidzisa kwezvikamu,
- Chinhu chinoparadzanisa zvinhu zvichibva pakuchaja nehuremu.
Kunyange zvazvo mafomura emuviri akadai seLorentz force achiwanzodzidzwa muzvikoro kana kumayunivhesiti, pfungwa huru yakajeka: magineti anogona "kukanganisa" kufamba kwemari inofamba.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Hukuru hweSimba reMagineti
Simba remagineti rinoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira:
1. Simba remagineti: magineti akasimba anogadzira simba guru.
2. Kure: chinhu chiri pedyo nemagneti, simba rekudhonza rinokura.
3. Rudzi rwezvinhu: simbi nesimbi zvinokwezvwa nyore nyore nemagineti, nepo aruminiyamu nemhangura zvisina simba pakupindura kwazvo. Matanda nepurasitiki hazviwanzokwezvwa nemagineti.
4. Mamiriro emagineti kana magetsi: mumagetsi, magetsi akawanda uye kutenderera kwakawanda, simba remagineti rinokurawo.
Nekuti pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinobatanidzwa, simba remagineti rinowanzo edzwa nekuyedza kuri nyore: kuunza magineti pedyo nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kana kugadzirisa daro uye kuona shanduko yesimba.
Mienzaniso yeSimba reMagineti muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva
Simba remagineti harisi nyaya yemabhuku chete. Riri kushanda mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvishandiso nemasisitimu atinoshandisa:
1. Kambasi
Tsono yekambasi igonyeti diki rinoenderana nesimba remagineti rePasi. Ndosaka kambasi ichinongedzera kuchamhembe-kumaodzanyemba.
2. Gonhi refiriji uye magnetic lock
Chidimbu chemagineti chiri pamusuwo wefiriji chinoshandisa simba remagineti kuti musuwo ugare wakavharwa zvakanaka.
3. Maspika nemahedhifoni
Vatauri vanoshandisa kudyidzana kuripo pakati pemagetsi ari mu coil nesimba remagineti rinogara riripo kuti vadedere membrane, zvichiburitsa ruzha.
4. Mota yemagetsi
Mota dzinoshanda nekuti simba remagineti rinoburitsa torque mu coil inotakura magetsi, zvichiita kuti rotor itenderere. Zvinenge zvese zvishandiso zvemumba zvemazuva ano zvinosanganisira mamota: mafeni, mablender, mapombi emvura, uye kunyange michina yekuwachisa.
5. Majenareta nemafekitori emagetsi
Jenareta i "inverse" yemota: kufamba kwemuchina kunotenderedza coil mumunda wemagineti, zvichiburitsa magetsi. Iyi ndiyo musimboti wekutanga wekugadzira simba.
6. Chitima cheMaglev (kukwidziridzwa nemagnetic levitation)
Zvitima zveMaglev zvinofamba pamusoro pemagwara nekuda kwekudzorwa nemagineti uye kudzorwa kwemagetsi, zvichideredza kukweshana uye zvichibvumira kumhanya kwakanyanya.
7. MRI (Kufungidzira Magadzirirwo Emagineti)
Munyika yezvekurapa, MRI inoshandisa simba remagineti rakasimba kwazvo kubatsira kugadzira mifananidzo yakadzama yenhengo dzemuviri dzisina X-ray.
Basa reMagineti rePasi
Nyika pachayo ine simba guru remagineti, rinowanzonzi geomagnetic. Simba iri remagineti haringobatsiri macompass chete, asiwo rinoita basa mu:
– Inodzivirira nyika kubva kuzvinhu zvine simba kubva kuzuva (mhepo yezuva),
- Inotsigira kuumbwa kwechiitiko che aurora munzvimbo dze polar,
– Inobatsira dzimwe mhuka kutama (senge shiri nekamba) idzo dzinofungidzirwa kuti dzinoshandisa simba remagineti rePasi se "mepu yechisikigo".
Mhedziso
Simba remagineti isimba rinobuda mumunda wemagineti uye rinogona kushanda pasina kubatana zvakananga. Rinoitika nekuda kwekubatana kwematanda emagineti, kupindura kwezvimwe zvinhu kuminda yemagineti, uye mhedzisiro yesimba remagineti pamagetsi anofamba. Pfungwa yesimba remagineti inotsanangura zvinhu zvakawanda zviri nyore, zvakaita semagineti anokwezva simbi, uye zvakare ndiyo inosimbisa matekinoroji makuru akadai semota dzemagetsi, majenareta, masipika, maMRI, uye kunyange magineti emagetsi. Kunzwisisa simba remagineti kunoreva kunzwisisa imwe yenheyo dzakakosha dzesainzi yemazuva ano, uye kuona kuti misimboti yefizikisi inogona sei kushandura mararamiro evanhu nekuvaka tekinoroji.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kuwedzera shanduro ye "sainzi" ine mafomura (simba reLorentz, simba remagineti B, uye matambudziko emuenzaniso) kana shanduro iri nyore yepuraimari/yepakati.
