Mashandisirwo eFizikisi muMishonga
Fizikisi inowanzoonekwa sesainzi iri kure nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye yakafanana nemafomula akaomarara. Zvisinei, mune zvokurapa, fizikisi inheyo huru inoita kuti vanachiremba vakwanise kuongorora zvirwere nemazvo, kuita mishonga yakachengeteka, uye kugadzira matekinoroji ehutano akaomarara. Kubva pazvishandiso zvekufungidzira zvakaita seX-rays neMRIs kusvika pakurapa nemwaranzi yegomarara, zvese zvinoshanda pamisimboti yefizikisi. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana efizikisi mukurapa, kusanganisira kuongororwa, kurapwa, kutarisa varwere, uye kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yekurapa.
1. Fizikisi neMifananidzo yezvekurapa
Imwe yemipiro mikuru yefizikisi mukurapa imifananidzo yezvokurapa—tekinoroji inobvumira vanachiremba kuti "vaone" mamiriro ari mukati memuviri vasina kuvhiyiwa.
a. X-rays uye CT scans
MaX-ray anoshandisa maX-ray, mafungu emagetsi ane simba guru anogona kupinda munyama yemuviri. Nzvimbo dzine density yakakura, dzakadai semapfupa, dzinotora maX-ray akawanda, zvichiita kuti aonekwe akajeka mumufananidzo. Nheyo dzemuviri dzinosanganisira attenuation (kudzikira kwesimba) uye kudyidzana kwemwaranzi nezvinhu.
Kuongororwa kweCT (Computed Tomography) ikugadzirwa kweX-ray inoburitsa mifananidzo yemuviri (zvidimbu) zvakati wandei. Mudziyo uyu unotenderera nzvimbo yeX-ray yakatenderedza murwere uye unogadzirisa data remwaranzi uchishandisa algorithm yekuvakazve kombiyuta. Nekuongororwa kweCT, vanachiremba vanogona kuona bundu, kubuda ropa mukati, uye kunyange matambudziko enhengo neruzivo rwakadzama kupfuura neX-ray yakajairwa.
b. USG (Ultrasonography)
Ultrasound inoshandisa mafungu eruzha ane frequency yakakwira (ultrasound). Mafungu aya anoburitswa mumuviri obva adzokororwa (echo) kana asvika pamiganhu iri pakati pematishu akasiyana. Mafungu aya anotorwa netransducer obva agadzirwa kuita mifananidzo.
Fizikisi yemafungu ine basa guru pano: pfungwa dzakadai sekufungisisa, kupenya, uye kupindira kweacoustic zvinosarudza kunaka kwemufananidzo. Ultrasound inozivikanwa zvikuru nekuti haina njodzi (haishandise ionizing radiation) uye inogona kushandiswa kutarisa kukura kwemwana ari mudumbu, kuongorora nhengo dzemudumbu, uye kutarisa kuyerera kweropa uchishandisa Doppler ultrasound.
c. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
MRI inoshandisa simba remagineti nemasaisai eredhiyo kuti ibudise mifananidzo yenyama yakapfava ine musiyano mukuru. Nheyo iyi inotsamira pakuonekwa kwemagineti emanuclei, kunyanya maatomu ehydrogen, ayo akawanda mumvura nemafuta emuviri. Kana akaiswa mumunda wemagineti, maprotoni anochinja nzira yawo. Masaisai eredhiyo anobva ashandiswa "kukanganisa" nzira iyi, uye paanodzokera kumamiriro awo ekutanga, maprotoni anoburitsa chiratidzo chinogadziriswa kuita mufananidzo.
Chinhu chakanaka cheMRI ndechekuti ine mufananidzo wakadzama wenyama dzakapfava dzakadai seuropi, tsinga, mitsipa, uye tsandanyama. Mukurapa, MRI inobatsira pakuongorora sitiroko, bundu remuuropi, kukuvara kwemusana, nezvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda.
d. PET neSPECT (Kufungidzira Nyukireya)
PET (Positron Emission Tomography) uye SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) inzira dzekuongorora masero eropa dzinoshandisa radioisotopes. Murwere anopiwa tracer inoburitsa mwaranzi, uye detector inotora chiratidzo kuti iongorore mashandiro emuviri kana kubuda kweropa. Nzira idzi dzakakosha pakuona kenza, kuongorora mashandiro emoyo, uye kuongorora zvirwere zvetsinga.
2. Fizikisi muKurapa neMishonga
Kunze kwekuongororwa kwechirwere, fizikisi inoshandiswawo pakurapa, kunyanya mukurapa kenza, kuvhiyiwa kwemazuva ano uye kugadzirisa chirwere.
a. Kurapa neRadiotherapy
Kurapa nemwaranzi kunoshandisa mwaranzi inoisa ionizing (yakadai se gamma rays kana ma X-ray ane simba guru) kuparadza masero ekenza. Nheyo yemuviri inosanganisira kutamisa simba remwaranzi kuenda kumatishu, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza DNA yemasero, zvichiadzivirira kuti asapatsanuke.
Mukurapa nemwaranzi kwemazuva ano, pfungwa dzekushandiswa kwemwaranzi uye kugoverwa kwesimba zvakakosha kuti bundu riwane mwero wakanyanya uku richichengetedza hutano hwakakomberedza. Matekiniki akadai seIntensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) uye proton therapy anoshandisa fizikisi yakaoma kuti anyatsoongorora.
b. Lasers muMishonga
Laser chiedza chinopenya chine hurefu hwewavelength hunogona kutariswa panzvimbo diki. Mukurapa, laser inoshandiswa pakuvhiya maziso (LASIK), kubviswa kwenyama isina kurongeka, kurapwa kweganda (sekubvisa tattoo kana maronda), uye kunyange kumisa kubuda ropa kuburikidza nekuvhara maronda.
Optical physics ine basa guru mukudzora urefu hwemafungu, simba, uye kushanda kwelaser nenyama yemuviri (kunyudzwa, kupararira, uye mhedzisiro yekupisa).
c. Kurapa Mafungu Ekudzikisa uye Ultrasonics
Tekinoroji yeESWL (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy) inoshandisa mafungu ekudengenyeka kupwanya matombo eitsvo kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, zvichiita kuti apfuure nyore nyore nemuweti. Therapeutic ultrasound inoshandiswawo mu physiotherapy kuwedzera kuyerera kweropa, kuderedza marwadzo, uye kukurumidzisa kuporesa kwenyama kuburikidza ne micro-heating uye mechanical stimulation.
3. Fizikisi muKutarisa Kwekiriniki uye Zvishandiso Zvekuongorora
Zvishandiso zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa mukamuri rekurapwa zvinoshanda zvichibva papfungwa dzefizikisi, kunyanya magetsi, magineti, uye fluid mechanics.
a. Electrocardiogram (ECG) uye Electroencephalogram (EEG)
ECG inoyera mashandiro emagetsi emwoyo kuburikidza nemaelectrode akabatana neganda. Zviratidzo zvemagetsi izvi zvinoratidza rhythm yemoyo, kuvapo kwekusagadzikana kwekufambisa mweya, kana zviratidzo zvekurohwa nemoyo. EEG inoshanda nenzira yakafanana, asi inoyera mashandiro emagetsi europi kuti iongorore pfari, matambudziko ekurara, uye mamwe mamiriro etsinga.
b. Pulse Oximeter
Chiyero che pulse oximeter chinoyera kuzara kweokisijeni muropa chichishandisa musimboti wekutorwa kwechiedza (photometry). Chishandiso ichi chinoburitsa chiedza chitsvuku ne infrared kuburikidza nemunwe, uye sensor inoona kuti chiedza chakadii chinotorwa ne hemoglobin ine oxygen uye isina oxygen. Kubva pamusiyano uyu, chishandiso ichi chinokurumidza uye chisina kupindira chinoverenga huwandu hweoxygen yakawandisa muropa.
c. Kumanikidzwa kweropa uye mashandiro emvura
Kuyera BP uchishandisa sphygmomanometer kwakabatana zvikuru nepfungwa dzekumanikidzwa uye kuyerera kwemvura. Kutaura zvazviri, kunzwisisa kuyerera kweropa mutsinga dzeropa—ingava laminar kana turbulent—kunobatsira kutsanangura ruzha rweKorotkoff runonzwikwa panguva yekuyera nemaoko. Iyi nheyo yemuviri inoshandiswawo mukugadzira macatheter, stents, uye zvinhu zvinobatsira kutenderera kweropa zvakaita sepombi dzemwoyo.
4. Biomechanics uye Uinjiniya hwekurapa
Fizikisi inoitawo basa guru mukunzwisisa kufamba kwevanhu kuburikidza ne biomechanics. Basa iri rinosanganisa makanika ekare ne anatomy kuti vaongorore masimba, torque, uye kufamba kwemajoini.
Semuenzaniso, mukurapa mabhonzo, kuverenga simba pamapfupa nemajoini kwakakosha pakugadzira zvinhu zvakaita sekutsiva mabvi kana hudyu. Mukurapa, biomechanics inobatsira vanachiremba vephysiotherapists kuongorora maitiro ekufamba kwemurwere mushure mekukuvara kana sitiroko, kuona maekisesaizi akakodzera, uye kugadzira zvishandiso zvekubatsira zvakaita seprostheses neorthotics kuti zvive nyore uye zvinobudirira.
Pamusoro pezvo, kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji dzakadai semarobhoti ekuvhiya uye maexoskeleton ekurapa nekufamba kunoenderanawo zvakanyanya nefizikisi yekufamba, kuenzana, masensa, uye kutonga.
5. Kuchengetedzwa kweMwaranzi uye Basa reVanyanzvi veFizikisi yezvekurapa
Nekuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwemwaranzi mukurapa, kuchengetedzeka kwave kwakakosha. Apa ndipo panoshanda basa guru nenyanzvi dzefizikisi dzezvekurapa. Vane basa rekuona kuti michina ye radiology inoshanda zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa, kuyera nekusimbisa huwandu hwemwaranzi, kugadzirisa michina, uye kugadzira nzira dzekuchengetedza varwere nevashandi vekurapa.
Pfungwa dzakadai senguva yekusangana nemwaranzi, daro kubva panobva mwaranzi, uye kushandiswa kwekudzivirira ndiyo misimboti mikuru yekudzivirira mwaranzi. Zvikanganiso zvidiki pakuverenga mwero zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakura, zvichiita kuti kunyatsorurama kwesainzi kuve chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedza.
Penutup
Mashandisirwo efizikisi mukurapa akawanda uye ari kuramba achikura nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji. Fizikisi inobvumira vanachiremba kuona nhengo dzemukati vasina kuvhiyiwa, kurapa kenza nemwaranzi yakayerwa, kuita kuvhiyiwa kwelaser kwakanyatsojeka, uye kutarisa mamiriro evarwere munguva chaiyo kuburikidza nemidziyo yemagetsi. Kupfuura kungova mafomula chete, fizikisi inopa zambuko pakati pesainzi yekutanga nemabasa ekurapa, zvichiponesa hupenyu.
Nekunzwisisa hukama hwepedyo huripo pakati pefizikisi nemishonga, tinogona kunzwisisa kukosha kwekushandira pamwe pakati pemasayendisiti, mainjiniya, nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzezvekurapa, uye nyanzvi dzehutano mukugadzira masevhisi ehutano anoshanda, akachengeteka, uye matsva mune ramangwana.
