Kutenderera kwesimba ibazi remakanika rinoongorora kufamba kwesimba kunosanganisira masimba, mass, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinopesvedzera kufamba kwesimba. Chinhu chinotenderera kana zvikamu zvese zvechinhu zvikafamba-famba ne axis kana pivot iri pane chimwe chezvikamu zvechinhu. Kufamba kwesimba kwakadzidzwa munyaya iyi kunotarisa kufamba kwesimba pamusoro pe axis yakatarwa. Kufamba kwepulley, feni, kufamba kweCD/DVD muCD/DVD room , kufamba kwemusuwo kana hwindo, kufamba kwe silinda yeinjini, helikopta kana propeller yendege, kana propeller yechikepe mimwe mienzaniso yekufamba kwesimba pamusoro pe axis yakatarwa. Wakamboona here top inotenderera? Nzvimbo ye axis yetop inotenderera inogara ichichinja (kutsveyama kwetop kunowanzo chinja), saka kufamba kwesimba kwakaita sekunowanikwa ne top inotenderera hakudzidzwi munyaya iyi.
Mukuchinjana kwezvikamu, chinhu chiri mukufamba kweshanduro chinoonekwa sechikamu chimwe chete kana kuti poindi imwe chete. Hazvina mhosva kuti chinhu chakakura sei kana kuti chimiro chacho chakaoma sei, chinoonekwa sepoindi imwe chete. Mukuchinjana kwezvikamu, chinhu hachionekwi sepoindi imwe chete asi chinoonekwa saizvozvo, tichifunga kuti chimiro nehukuru hwacho hazvichinji. Kana chinhu chinoonekwa sechikamu chimwe chete chiine poindi imwe chete, saka chinhu chinoonekwa semuviri wakasimba chinoumbwa nezvikamu zvakawanda, uko nzvimbo yechikamu chimwe nechimwe inoramba yakafanana uye daro riri pakati pazvo rinoramba rakafanana.
Muenzaniso wezvinetso
1. Pure yakaitwa nezvinhu zvakasimba ine tambo yakamonererwa kurutivi rwayo rwekunze inoratidzwa sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo. Kukweshana kwepure kwaregeredzwa. Kana nguva yekusashanda kwepure I = β uye tambo ikadhonzwa nesimba risingaperi F, saka kukosha kwaF kwakaenzana na….
A. F = α .β .R
B. F = α. β 2. R
C. F = α . (β . R)-1
D. F = α . β . (R)-1
E. F = R. (α. β)-1
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Simba rekudhonza = F
Nguva yekusashanda kwepulley = β
Kukurumidza kwepulley kwekona = α
Radiyo yepulley = R
Mubvunzo: Kukosha kwaF kwakaenzana na….
Mhinduro:
Fomura yechipiri yaNewton yekufamba kwese kwese:
Nguva yesimba rinobuda papulley:
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.
2. Tsvimbo yakareba mamita matanhatu uye ine huremu hushoma inobatwa nemasimba matatu sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo. Hukuru hwenguva yesimba retsvimbo painotenderera pakati pehuremu hwayo paO ndi…
A. F
B. 3F
C. 4F
D. 5F
E. 6F
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Mutsetse wekutenderera uri panzvimbo yeO.
Simba 1 (F 1 ) = F
Daro riri pakati penzvimbo yekushanda F 1 ne axis yekutenderera (r 1 ) = 3 metres
Simba 2 (F 2 ) = 2F
Daro riri pakati penzvimbo yekushanda F 2 ne axis yekutenderera (r 2 ) = 2 metres
Simba 3 (F 3 ) = 2F
Daro riri pakati penzvimbo yekushanda F 3 ne axis yekutenderera (r 3 ) = 3 metres
Mubvunzo: Hukuru hwenguva yesimba retsvimbo painotenderera pakati pehukuru hwayo paO
Mhinduro:
Nguva Yesimba 1:
τ 1 = F 1 r 1 = (F)(3) = -3F
Nguva yesimba 1 inoita kuti tsvimbo itenderere newachi kuitira kuti nguva iyoyo yesimba 1 ive nechiratidzo chekusateerera.
Nguva Yesimba 2:
τ 2 = F 2 r 2 = (2F)(2) = 4F
Nguva yesimba 2 inoita kuti tsvimbo itenderere ichipesana newachi kuitira kuti nguva iyoyo yesimba 2 ive nechiratidzo chakanaka.
Nguva Yesimba 3:
τ 3 = F 3 r 3 chivi 30 o = (2F)(3)(0,5) = 3F
Nguva yesimba 3 inoita kuti tsvimbo itenderere ichipesana newachi kuitira kuti nguva iyoyo yesimba 3 ive nechiratidzo chakanaka.
Nguva yesimba inobuda:
Στ = τ 1 + τ 2 + τ 3
Στ = -3F + 4F + 3F
Στ = 4F
Hukuru hwenguva yesimba i4F Newton metres. Nguva yakanaka yesimba zvinoreva kuti tsvimbo inotenderera ichipesana newachi.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.
3. Tarisa mufananidzo!
Kana huremu hwetsvimbo yeAC hukaregeredzwa, α = 30 o , kureba AB = BC = mita imwe, nguva yesimba rehurongwa ne axis panzvimbo A ndiyo…
A. 10√3 Nm newachi 
B. 10 √3 Nm counterwatchwise
C. 20 Nm newachi
D. 20 √3 Nm counterwatchwise
E. 20 √3 Nm newachi
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Mutsetse wekutenderera uri panzvimbo A.
Simba 1 (F 1 ) = 10 N
Daro riri pakati penzvimbo yekushanda F 1 ne axis yekutenderera (r 1 ) = 1 metres
Simba 2 (F 2 ) = 10 N
Daro riri pakati penzvimbo yekushanda F 2 ne axis yekutenderera (r 2 ) = 1 metres
Simba 3 (F 3 ) = 20 N
Daro riri pakati penzvimbo yekushanda F 3 ne axis yekutenderera (r 3 ) = 2 metres
Mubvunzo: Nguva yesimba rehurongwa ne axis panzvimbo A
Mhinduro:
Nguva Yesimba 1:
τ 1 = F 1 r 1 sin 30 o = (10)(1)(0,5) = 5 Newton metres
Nguva yesimba 1 inoita kuti tsvimbo itenderere ichipesana newachi kuitira kuti nguva iyoyo yesimba 1 ive nechiratidzo chakanaka.
Nguva Yesimba 2:
τ 2 = F 2 r 2 sin 30 o = (10)(1)(0,5) = -5 Newton metres
Nguva yesimba 2 inoita kuti tsvimbo itenderere newachi kuitira kuti nguva iyoyo yesimba 2 ive nechiratidzo chekusateerera.
Nguva Yesimba 3:
τ 3 = F 3 r 3 sin 60 o = (20)(2)(0,5 √3 ) = -20 √3 Newton metres
Nguva yesimba 2 inoita kuti tsvimbo itenderere newachi kuitira kuti nguva iyoyo yesimba 2 ive nechiratidzo chekusateerera.
Nguva yesimba inobuda:
Στ = τ 1 + τ 2 + τ 3
Στ = 5 – 5 – 20 √3
Στ = – 20 √3 Newton metres
Hukuru hwenguva yesimba i20 √3 Newton metres . Nguva yesimba isina kunaka zvinoreva kuti tsvimbo inotenderera newachi.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiE.
4. Tarisa mufananidzo uri padivi!
Pulley yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasimba (I = 2/5 MR 2 ) ine huremu hwe2 kg. Kana nguva yesimba papulley iri 4 Nm, saka kumhanyisa kwepulley kuri…. (g = 10 ms -2 )
A. 50 ms -2
B. 25 ms -2
C. 20 ms -2
D. 16 ms -2
E. 8 ms -2
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Nguva yekusashanda kwepulley yakasimba (I) = 2/5 MR 2
Huremu hwepulley (M) = 2 kg
Nguva yesimba ( τ) = 4 Nm
Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 ms -2
Radiyo yepulley (R) = 20 cm = 0,2 m
Mubvunzo: Kukurumidza kwemutsara (a)
Mhinduro:
Verenga nguva yekusashanda kwepulley (I):
I = 2/5 MR 2 = 2/5 (2)(0,2) 2 = 2/5 (2)(0,04) = 2/5 (0,08) = 0,16/5 = 0,032 kg m 2
Verenga kumhanyisa kwekona ( α):
τ = I α
α = τ/I = 4/0,032 = 125 rad.s -2
Verenga kumhanyisa kwemutsetse (a):
a = R α = (0,2)( 125) = 25 ms -2
Kukurumidza kwakanangana kwemucheto wepulley ndeye 25 ms -2.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.
5. Tarisa mufananidzo uri padivi! Pulley yebhora rakasimba inotenderera nekukurumidzisa kwe2 ms -2 , kana g = 10 ms -2 , saka nguva yekusashanda kwepulley ndeye ....
A. 1,0 kg.m2
B. 0,8 kg.m 2
C. 0,6 kg.m 2
D. 0,2 kg.m 2
E. 0,1 kg.m 2
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kukurumidza kwemupendero wepulley (a) = 2 ms -2
Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 ms -2
Radiyo yepulley (R) = 10 cm = 0,1 m
Kurema kwemutoro (w) = mg = (4)(10) = 40 N
Mubvunzo: Nguva yekusashanda zvakanaka kwepulley
Mhinduro:
Verenga nguva yesimba ( τ):
τ = FR = w R = (40)(0,1) = 4 Nm
Verenga kumhanyisa kwekona kwepulley ( α ):
a = R α
α = a/R = 2/0,1 = 20 rad.s -2
Verenga nguva yekusashanda kwepulley (I):
τ = I α
I = τ/ α = 4/20 = 0,2 kg m2
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.
6. Tarisa mufananidzo uri padivi!
Pulley inodhonzwa kuitira kuti pulley ifambe nekukurumidza kwe1 ms -2 . Kana radius yepulley iri 10 cm, saka nguva yekusashanda kwepulley ndeye….
A. 4,00 kg.m2
B. 2,00 kg.m 2
C. 0,04 kg.m 2
D. 0,02 kg.m 2
E. 0,01 kg.m 2
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kukurumidza kwemupendero wepulley (a) = 1 ms -2
Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 ms -2
Radiyo yepulley (R) = 10 cm = 0,1 m
Simba rekudhonza (F) = 4 N
Mubvunzo: Nguva yekusashanda zvakanaka kwepulley
Mhinduro:
Verenga nguva yesimba ( τ):
τ = FR = (4)(0,1) = 0,4 Nm
Verenga kumhanyisa kwekona kwepulley ( α ):
a = R α
α = a/R = 1/0,1 = 10 rad.s -2
Verenga nguva yekusashanda kwepulley (I):
τ = I α
I = τ/ α = 0,4/10 = 0,04 kg m2
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.
7. Puredhi yakasimba ine huremu hwe1 kg uye radius ye10 cm ine tambo yakatenderedzwa kumucheto kwayo, uye huremu hwe1 kg hwakaturikwa pamucheto wetambo. Ngatitii tambo haina huremu. Kukurumidza kwekufamba kwemutoro pasi kuri… (g = 10 m/s2)
A. 10 m/s2
B. 12 m/s2
C. 15 m/s2
D. 20 m/s2
E. 22 m/s2
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
F = w = mg = (1 kg)(10 m/s2) = 10 Newton
r = mita imwe
Akabvunzwa:
Kukurumidza kwekufamba kwemutoro
Mhinduro:
Hitung Nguva yeInertia dhani Nguva Yemaitiro chekutanga.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.
8. Pulley yedhisiki yakasimba ine huremu hwe2M uye radius yeR, inoputirwa kumucheto netambo, uye mutoro une huremu hwem unoturikwa pamucheto mumwe wetambo. Kana mutoro wasunungurwa, pulley inotenderera nekukurumidzisa kwe angular kwe . Kana chinhu chine huremu hweM chakabatanidzwa kupulley, saka kuti pulley itenderere nekukurumidzisa kwe angular kwakafanana, huremu hwemutoro hunofanira kugadzirwa... (I pulley = ½ mr2).
A. ¾ m kg
B. 3/2 m kg
C. 2 m kg
D. 3 m kg
E. 4 m kg
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Huremu hwepulley yedhisiki yakasimba: 2M
Nharaunda yedhisiki pulley yakasimba: R
Mutoro wekutakura: m
Akabvunzwa :
Huremu hwemutoro?
Mhinduro:
Verenga nguva yekusagadzikana kwepulley yedhisiki yakasimba, isati yasvika uye mushure mekunge chinhu chine huremu M chakabatanidzwa pairi:
Nguva yeKusasimba 1: I = ½ mr2 = ½ (2M)(R)2 = MR2
Nguva yeKusasimba 2: I = ½ mr2 = ½ (2M + M)(R)2 = ½ (3M)(R)2 = 1,5 MR2
Kwakabva mubvunzo:
Mibvunzo yeNational Examination Physics yeChikoro Chesekondari/Chikoro Chepamusoro Chebasa
