Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso uye Kukurukurirana kweZviverengero
Statistics ibazi remasvomhu rine chekuita nekuunganidza, kuongorora, kududzira, uye kuratidzwa kwedata. Zvishandiso zvestatistics zvinoshandiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita sehupfumi, mainjiniya, hutano, uye sainzi yemagariro evanhu, kuti tinzwisise zviitiko zvakaonekwa. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mienzaniso yakati wandei yematambudziko estatistics uye tsananguro dzawo kuti tikubatsire kunzwisisa zviri nani pfungwa yacho.
1. Hunhu hweData uye Mhando dzeKugovera
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 1:
Muongorori akaunganidza ruzivo kubva kuvanhu makumi matatu vakabvunzwa kuti aone avhareji yezera revanhu vari mumusha. Mazera anotevera akanyorwa:
25, 30, 22, 28, 34, 29, 31, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 24, 26, 28, 29, 27, 30, 32, 26, 25, 28 31, 29, 30, 24, 32
Akabvunzwa:
1. Verenga avhareji (avhareji) yedata.
2. Sarudza pakati pedata.
Kukurukurirana:
1. Kuverenga Avhareji:
Avhareji ndiyo huwandu hwese hwezvinhu zvakakamurwa nenhamba yedata.
Avhareji = (25 + 30 + 22 + 28 + 34 + 29 + 31 + 24 + 26 + 27 + 29 + 30 + 31 + 33 + 35 + 24 + 26 + 28 + 29 + 27 + 30 + 32 + 26 + 25 + 28 + 31 + 29 + 30 + 24 + 32) / 30
Avhareji = 840 / 30 = 28
Saka, avhareji yezera revanhu vari mumusha uyu makore makumi maviri nemasere.
2. Kuziva Pakati:
Danho rekutanga pakuverenga medium nderekuronga data kubva padiki kusvika pakuru.
Ruzivo rwakarongwa: 22, 24, 24, 24, 25, 25, 26, 26, 27, 27, 28, 28, 28, 29, 29, 29, 29, 30, 30, 31, 31, 32, 32, 33, 34, 35
Sezvo nhamba yedata iri makumi matatu (yakaenzana), avhareji ndiyo avhareji yemitengo miviri yepakati.
Avhareji yenhamba yegumi neshanu negumi nematanhatu ndeye 29 ne29.
Pakati = (29 + 29) / 2 = 29
Saka, avhareji yedata makore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe.
2. Kutsauka Kwakajairwa uye Kusiyana
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 2:
Inotevera inhamba yevashanyi vanoshanyira chitoro zuva nezuva muvhiki imwe chete: 120, 135, 150, 165, 180, 195, 210.
Akabvunzwa:
1. Verenga musiyano wedata.
2. Verenga kutsauka kwakajairwa kwedata.
Kukurukurirana:
1. Kuverenga Avhareji:
Avhareji = (120 + 135 + 150 + 165 + 180 + 195 + 210) / 7 = 1155 / 7 = 165
Saka, avhareji yevashanyi vezuva nezuva i165.
2. Kuverenga Kusiyana:
Kusiyana \(\sigma^2\) iavhareji yemakwere emusiyano uripo pakati pedata rega rega neavhareji.
Kusiyana = \(\sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \mu)^2 / n\)
Apo \(x_i\) iri data rega rega, \(\mu\) ndiyo avhareji, uye n ndiyo nhamba yedata.
\((120-165)^2 = 2025\)
\((135-165)^2 = 900\)
\((150-165)^2 = 225\)
\((165-165)^2 = 0\)
\((180-165)^2 = 225\)
\((195-165)^2 = 900\)
\((210-165)^2 = 2025\)
Huwandu hwese = 2025 + 900 + 225 + 0 + 225 + 900 + 2025 = 6300
Kusiyana = 6300 / 7 = 900
2. Kuverenga Kutsauka Kwakajairwa:
Kutsauka kwakajairika ndiko mudzi wepakati wemusiyano.
Kutsauka kwakajairika = \(\sqrt{900}\) = 30
Saka, musiyano wedata revashanyi rezuva nezuva i900 uye musiyano wakajairwa i30.
3. Kugoverwa KwemaFrequency uye Histogram
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 3:
Gadzira tafura yekugoverwa kwema frequency uye histogram zvichibva pane data rinotevera rinoratidza mamakisi ebvunzo evadzidzi makumi maviri:
45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 50, 55
Akabvunzwa:
1. Gadzira tafura yekugovera mafrequency ine zvikamu zvishanu zvekirasi.
2. Gadzira histogram yakavakirwa patafura yekugoverwa kwema frequency.
Kukurukurirana:
1. Kugadzira Tafura Yekugovera MaFrequency:
Chikamu chekirasi chinoshandiswa i5.
| Nguva yeKirasi | Kuwanda |
|——————-|———–|
| 45 – 49 | 1 |
| 50 – 54 | 2 |
| 55 – 59 | 2 |
| 60 – 64 | 4 |
| 65 – 69 | 3 |
| 70 – 74 | 2 |
| 75 – 79 | 2 |
| 80 – 84 | 2 |
| 85 – 89 | 2 |
| 90 – 94 | 1 |
2. Kugadzira Histogram:
Histogram inomiririra tafura yekugoverwa kwema frequency. Chikamu chega chega chekirasi chinomiririrwa nebhawa, uye kukwirira kwebhawa kunoratidza frequency yaro.
Kuti uironge, unogona kushandisa software yakaita seExcel kana mamwe maturusi ekuona data. Heino mufananidzo uri nyore wehistogram yakadaro:
``
Nguva yeKirasi: x-axis (45-49, 50-54, …, 90-94)
Kakawanda: y-axis
| 4
| 3 x
| 2 xxxxxx
| 1 xxxxxxxx
|————————————–
45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94
``
Cherechedza: Kuratidzwa kwemavara eASCII hakusi kwechokwadi zvachose. Shandisa software yemifananidzo kuti uwane kuratidzwa kwakakodzera.
Mhedziso
Kuburikidza nemibvunzo iyi yemuenzaniso nehurukuro, takadzidza maitiro ekuverenga mean, median, variance, uye standard deviation, pamwe nekugadzira matafura ekugoverwa kwema frequency uye histograms kubva kudata. Kunzwisisa uku kwakakosha pakuongorora data zvinobudirira uye kuita sarudzo zvichibva paruzivo rwemanhamba rwakarurama.
Nhamba dzezviverengero chishandiso chine simba mukutsvaga nekushandisa zvinhu. Kana tikanzwisisa zviri nani pfungwa huru nemashandisirwo adzo, tinokwanisa kugadzirisa matambudziko akaomarara uye kuita sarudzo dzakarongeka.
