Mibvunzo yeMienzaniso neKukurukurirana kwePeripheral Nervous System
Sisitimu yetsinga yeropa (PNS) chikamu chakakosha chesisitimu yetsinga, ichibatanidza sisitimu yetsinga yepakati nemuviri wedu wese. Kunzwisisa PNS kwakakosha kwete chete kune vadzidzi vezvekurapa nebiology, asiwo kune chero ani zvake anoda kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita muviri wemunhu. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mimwe mienzaniso yezvinetso uye hurukuro yazvo ine chekuita nePNS.
Nhanganyaya kuPeripheral Nervous System
Sisitimu yetsinga yeropa ine tsinga dzinobuda muuropi nemumusana, pamwe neganglia iri kunze kwesisitimu yetsinga yeropa. Sisitimu yetsinga yeropa yeropa yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: sisitimu yetsinga yeropa yemunhu uye sisitimu yetsinga yemunhu. Sisitimu yetsinga yemuviri ine basa rekufamba nekuzvidira uye kutumira ruzivo rwekunzwa, nepo sisitimu yetsinga yemunhu ichidzora mashandiro emuviri otomatiki, akadai sekurova kwemoyo nekugaya.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 1: Tsinga dzeKunzwa neMota
Mubvunzo: Tsanangura musiyano uripo pakati pema neuron epfungwa ne motor neuron mu peripheral nervous system.
Kukurukurirana:
Maneuron ekunzwa uye maneuron ekufamba ane mabasa akasiyana muhurongwa hwetsinga dzemumativi. Maneuron ekunzwa ane basa rekutakura ruzivo kubva kumareceptor ekunzwa (akadai seganda, maziso, nenzeve) kuenda kuhurongwa hwetsinga hwepakati. Maitiro aya anobatsira miviri yedu kupindura kune zvinokurudzira zvekunze, zvakaita sekubata neruzha.
Kusiyana neizvi, ma neuron ekufambisa mweya anotumira masaini kubva kuhurongwa hwetsinga huru kuenda kuzvinhu zvinoshandisa simba zvakaita setsandanyama nemagland. Basa iri rinoita kuti munhu apindure kana akanzwa zvinhu zvinomukurudzira, zvakaita sekufambisa ruoko kana akabata chinhu chinopisa.
Musiyano mukuru pakati pezviviri izvi ndekwakanangana nekufambisa ruzivo: ma neuron ekunzwa anoenda kuhurongwa hwepakati hwetsinga ukuwo ma neuron emagetsi anobva kuhurongwa hwepakati hwetsinga achienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 2: Sisitimu Yetsinga Inozvitonga
Mubvunzo: Taura zvikamu zviviri zvikuru zvehurongwa hwetsinga hwemuviri hunozvitonga uye tsanangura mashandiro azvo.
Kukurukurirana:
Sisitimu yetsinga inozvimiririra yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: sisitimu yetsinga inonzwira tsitsi (sympathetic nervous system) uye sisitimu yetsinga inonzwira tsitsi (parasympathetic nervous system).
1. Sisitimu Yetsinga Inobatsira: Chikamu ichi chesisitimu yetsinga chinogadzirira muviri panguva yekukurumidzira kana mamiriro ekunetseka, anowanzozivikanwa se "kurwisa kana kutiza". Kushanda kwetsitsi kunowedzera kurova kwemoyo, kuwedzera mapuru, uye kudzikamisa kugaya kuti simba ritariswe pakubata nedambudziko.
2. Parasympathetic Nervous System: Kusiyana neizvi, chikamu ichi ndicho chinoita kuti "zororo nekugaya," izvo zvinodzosera muviri kumamiriro akadzikama mushure mekunge njodzi yapera. Basa re parasympathetic rinoderedza kurova kwemoyo, rinoita kuti vana vemuviri vaome, uye rinowedzera kugaya.
Zvikamu zviviri izvi zvinoshanda zvinopesana kuti muviri urambe wakaenzana.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 3: Reflex
Mubvunzo: Chii chinorehwa ne "reflex arc", uye ipa muenzaniso.
Kukurukurirana:
Nzira ye reflex inzira ye neural inodzora mhinduro ye reflex. Maitiro aya anowanzo sanganisira nzira dzinokurumidza dze neuron uye haadi kupindira kubva kuuropi hwepakati, zvichireva kuti reflex inogona kuitika yega.
Muenzaniso unozivikanwa zvikuru we reflex arc ndeye patellar (knee) reflex. Kana tendon iri pasi pebvi yabatwa, zviratidzo zvekunzwa zvinotumirwa kumusana, zvichikonzera kuti ma neuron emotor aite kuti tsandanyama dzemuhudyu dzigadzikane, zvichizopedzisira zvaita kuti gumbo risimuke.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 4: Matambudziko ePeripheral Nervous System
Mubvunzo: Tsanangura chimwe chirwere chehutano chinogona kukanganisa sisitimu yetsinga dzemumativi.
Kukurukurirana:
Muenzaniso wekusagadzikana kwetsinga dzemunzeve ndeye peripheral neuropathy. Dambudziko iri rinokonzerwa nekukuvara kwetsinga dzemunzeve, izvo zvinogona kukonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira chirwere cheshuga, hutachiona, uye kukuvara kwemuviri.
Zviratidzo zve peripheral neuropathy zvinosanganisira kukwenya, kusanzwa, kushaya simba kwetsandanyama, uye kurwadziwa mumaoko nemakumbo. Kuongororwa uye kurapwa kunoenderana nechikonzero chaicho uye kunogona kusanganisira kudzora marwadzo, kurapwa kwemuviri, uye kugadzirisa zvirwere zvakaita sechirwere cheshuga.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 5: MaNeurotransmitter
Mubvunzo: Basa rema neurotransmitters mu peripheral nervous system nderei, uye tipei muenzaniso mumwe chete we neurotransmitter yakadaro?
Kukurukurirana:
MaNeurotransmitter mamorekuru emakemikari anogonesa kutapurirana kwesynaptic kubva kune imwe neuron kuenda kune imwe kana kune mamwe masero e effector. Mu peripheral nervous system, ma neurotransmitter anoita basa rakakosha mukubatanidza masaini pakati pemagumo etsinga nematishu anotarisirwa.
Muenzaniso we neurotransmitter inobatanidzwa mu peripheral nervous system iacetylcholine. Mu somatic nervous system, acetylcholine inoburitswa kubva mu motor neurons ichienda mu skeletal tsandanyama, zvichikonzera kusungwa kwetsandanyama. Mu parasympathetic nervous system, acetylcholine inoderedza kurova kwemoyo uye inowedzera kugaya.
Mhedziso
Kunzwisisa sisitimu yetsinga dzemumativi, kusanganisira mabasa ayo nezvikamu zvayo, chinhu chakakosha pakunzwisisa kuti muviri wedu unopindura sei uye unoshanda sei nenzvimbo yauri. Mienzaniso yematambudziko nehurukuro dzatakurukura dzinopa ruzivo rwekutanga rwekushanda kwesisitimu yetsinga dzemumativi, kubva pabasa rema neuron nema neurotransmitters kusvika kuzvirwere zvinogona kuikanganisa. Ruzivo urwu haruna kukosha kune avo vari kutsvaga mabasa ekurapa chete asiwo runobatsira munhu wese mukuchengetedza hutano hwakanaka uye kunzwisisa maitiro emuviri kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokurudzira.
