Mienzaniso yeMibvunzo Inotsanangura Kupararira kweMafungu eElectromagnetic
Kupararira kwemafungu emagetsi ipfungwa huru mufizikisi inotsanangura kuti mafungu, akadai sechiedza, mafungu eredhiyo, uye maX-ray, anofamba sei muchadenga nezvinhu. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mienzaniso nemhinduro dzayo dzine chekuita nekupararira kwemafungu emagetsi. Chinangwa chechinyorwa chino ndechekupa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwepfungwa iyi uye kudzidzira hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa matambudziko hune chekuita nayo.
Kunzwisisa Mafungu eElectromagnetic
Mafungu emagetsi emagetsi mafungu anofamba muchadenga, achitakura simba remagetsi neremagetsi. Mafungu aya haadi chinhu chinoabatsira kuti afambe nemumhepo isina chinhu. Mienzaniso yemafungu emagetsi emagetsi anosanganisira chiedza chinooneka, chiedza cheultraviolet, mafungu eredhiyo, ma microwave, ma X-ray, uye gamma rays.
Zvikamu zveMafungu eElectromagnetic
Mafungu emagetsi (electromagnetic waves) ane minda yemagetsi (E) uye minda yemagetsi (B) inotenderera sinusoidal uye yakatarisana uye yakatarisana negwara rekupararira kwemafungu. Kumhanya kwekupararira kwemafungu emagetsi mu vacuum ndiko kumhanya kwechiedza \(c\) uko kunowanzo torwa se \(3 \ ka 10^8\) mamita pasekondi.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Mubvunzo 1: Mafungu eElectromagnetic ari muVacuum
Zvinozivikanwa kuti wave yemagetsi ine urefu hwewavelength hwe \( \lambda = 500 \) nm (nanometers). Verenga frequency yemafungu.
Kukurukurirana:
Kumhanya kwechiedza mu vacuum cleaner \(c\) i \(3 \times 10^8\) m/s. Wavelength \( \lambda \) i500 nm, kana 500 x \(10^{-9}\) m. Tinoziva kuti kumhanya kwe electromagnetic wave chibereko che frequency (f) uye wavelength (\(\lambda\)).
\[
c = f \nguva \lambda
\]
Kuti tiwane frequency, tinogadzirisa fomura iri pamusoro kuti ive:
\[
f = \frac{c}{\lambda}
\]
Tsiva kukosha kwe \(c\) uye \(\lambda\):
\[
f = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{500 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{m}}
\]
\[
f = \frac{3 \kawa 10^8}{500 \kawa 10^{-9}}
\]
\[
f = \frac{3 \kawa 10^8}{5 \kawa 10^{-7}}
\]
\[
f = \frac{3}{5} \kawa 10^{15}
\]
\[
f = 0.6 \kawa 10^{15}
\]
\[
f = 6 \kawa 10^{14} \, \text{Hz}
\]
Saka, frequency yemafungu ndeye \(6 \times 10^{14}\) Hz.
Mubvunzo 2: Kusimba kwemafungu emagetsi
Avhareji yesimba \(I\) remafungu emagetsi anowanikwa ne:
\[
I = \frac{1}{2} \epsilon_0 c E_0^2
\]
Apo \( \epsilon_0 = 8.85 \times 10^{-12} \, \text{C}^2/(\text{N} \cdot \text{m}^2)\) iri permittivity ye vacuum, \(c\) iri kumhanya kwechiedza, uye \(E_0\) iri amplitude ye electric field. Kana amplitude ye electric field \(E_0\) ye electromagnetic wave iri \(100 \, \text{V/m}\), sarudza simba re wave.
Kukurukurirana:
Tsiva tsika dzinozivikanwa mufomura yesimba:
\[
I = \frac{1}{2} \epsilon_0 c E_0^2
\]
\[
I = \frac{1}{2} (8.85 \times 10^{-12}) (3 \times 10^8) (100)^2
\]
\[
I = \frac{1}{2} (8.85 \kawa 10^{-12}) (3 \kawa 10^8) (10^4)
\]
\[
I = \frac{1}{2} (8.85 \times 10^{-12}) (3 \times 10^{12})
\]
\[
I = \frac{1}{2} (26.55 \kawanza 10^{0})
\]
\[
Ini = 13.275 \, \text{W/m}^2
\]
Saka, avhareji yesimba remafungu emagetsi ndeye \(13.275 \, \text{W/m}^2 \).
Mubvunzo 3: Kupatsanurwa kwemafungu emagetsi
Wave yemagetsi ine polarized linearly ine electric field yayo yakatungamirirwa pamwe chete ne x-axis uye magnetic field yayo pamwe chete ne y-axis. Kana amplitude ye electric field iri \(E_0 = 500 \, \text{V/m}\) uye amplitude ye magnetic field \(B_0\) isingazivikanwe, tsvaga hukuru hwe \(B_0\).
Kukurukurirana:
Hukama huripo pakati pemagetsi neminda yemagineti mumafungu emagetsi ndeinotevera:
\[
E_0 = c B_0
\]
Nemakoshero \( E_0 = 500 \, \text{V/m} \) uye \( c = 3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s} \):
\[
B_0 = \frac{E_0}{c}
\]
Tsiva kukosha kwe \(E_0\) uye \(c\):
\[
B_0 = \frac{500}{3 \kawa 10^8}
\]
\[
B_0 = \frac{500}{3} \kawa 10^{-8}
\]
\[
B_0 = 1.67 \kawa 10^{-6} \, \text{T}
\]
Saka, amplitude yesimba remagineti \(B_0\) ndeye \( 1.67 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{T} \).
Mhedziso
Kupararira kwemafungu emagetsi ipfungwa huru mufizikisi ine mashandisirwo akapararira kubva pakutaurirana kusvika pakurapwa. Nekushanda pamatambudziko akaita seari pamusoro apa, tinotarisira kuwana kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwehunhu hwemafungu emagetsi, akadai sewavelength, frequency, intensity, uye hukama huripo pakati pemagetsi nemagineti. Kunzwisisa kwakasimba kwepfungwa idzi kunotigadzirira kutarisana nematambudziko muzvikoro, pamwe nemuminda yakasiyana-siyana yetekinoroji nemaindasitiri.
