Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso uye Kukurukurirana kweAvhareji (Avhareji) yeData reBoka
Kugadzirisa data chikamu chakakosha chehuwandu, zvichibatsira mukuongorora ruzivo rwunopihwa muchimiro chenhamba. Imwe nzira yekugadzirisa data ndeyekuverenga avhareji, kana kuti avhareji. Avhareji inoshanda sechiratidzo chepakati pehuwandu hwedata. Panguva ino, tichakurukura avhareji mumashoko eboka.
Kunzwisisa Avhareji (Avhareji)
Avhareji chiyero chetsika yepakati chinotsanangura kukosha kunotarisirwa kweseti yedata. Kune data reboka, avhareji inowanikwa nekuverenga avhareji yepakati pechikamu chega chega chekirasi chakapihwa frequency.
Fomura Yepakati yeData reBoka
Kuti tiverenge avhareji yedata reboka, tinogona kushandisa fomura:
\[ \bar{x} = \frac{\sum{f_i x_i}}{\sum{f_i}} \]
Dimana:
– \( \bar{x} \) ndiyo avhareji kana kuti avhareji
– \( f_i \) ndiyo nguva inowanikwa mukirasi ye i-th
– \( x_i \) ndiyo kukosha kwepakati kwekirasi ye ith
Avhareji yehuwandu \( x_i \) inoverengwa uchishandisa fomura:
\[ x_i = \frac{\text{k}
U_i + L_i}{2} \]
Dimana:
– \( U_i \) ndiwo muganho wepamusoro wekirasi yepakati ye ith
– \( L_i \) ndiwo muganho wakaderera wekirasi yepakati ye ith
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Kuti unzwisise zviri nani maitiro ekuverenga avhareji yedata reboka, heino muenzaniso wemubvunzo nekukurukurirana kwawo.
Muenzaniso wematambudziko:
Tafura iri pazasi inotsanangura hurefu hwevadzidzi mukirasi imwe chete.
| Nguva (cm) | Kakawanda (f_i) |
| ————– | ————– |
| 150 – 154 | 2 |
| 155 – 159 | 5 |
| 160 – 164 | 8 |
| 165 – 169 | 4 |
| 170 – 174 | 1 |
Verenga avhareji (avhareji) yehurefu hwevadzidzi.
Kukurukurirana:
1. Sarudza Pakati Pakakosha (x_i) yeKirasi yega yega yeInterval:
| Nguva (cm) | f_i | x_i = (U_i + L_i)/2 |
| ————– | — | ——————- |
| 150 – 154 | 2 | (154 + 150)/2 = 152 |
| 155 – 159 | 5 | (159 + 155)/2 = 157 |
| 160 – 164 | 8 | (164 + 160)/2 = 162 |
| 165 – 169 | 4 | (169 + 165)/2 = 167 |
| 170 – 174 | 1 | (174 + 170)/2 = 172 |
2. Verenga \( f_i x_i \):
| Nguva (cm) | f_i | x_i | f_i x_i |
| ————– | — | — | ——- |
| 150 – 154 | 2 | 152 | 2 152 = 304 |
| 155 – 159 | 5 | 157 | 5 157 = 785 |
| 160 – 164 | 8 | 162 | 8 162 = 1296 |
| 165 – 169 | 4 | 167 | 4 167 = 668 |
| 170 – 174 | 1 | 172 | 1 172 = 172 |
3. Wedzera huwandu hwese (\( \sum{f_i} \)) uye huwandu hwese hwe \( f_i x_i \) :
\[ \sum{f_i} = 2 + 5 + 8 + 4 + 1 = 20 \]
\[ \sum{f_i x_i} = 304 + 785 + 1296 + 668 + 172 = 3225 \]
4. Kuverenga Avhareji (Avhareji) \(\bar{x}\) :
\[ \bar{x} = \frac{\sum{f_i x_i}}{\sum{f_i}} = \frac{3225}{20} = 161.25 \]
Saka, avhareji kana kuti avhareji yehurefu hwevadzidzi i161.25 cm.
Kusiyana kweKuedza Kugadzirisa Data
Kugadzirisa data hakugumiri pakuverenga avhareji. Kazhinji tinodawo kuverenga zviyero zvekugoverwa kwedata, zvakaita sevariance kana standard deviation, median, uye mode. Zvisinei, avhareji inoramba iri imwe yezviyero zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuongorora kwakasiyana-siyana kwenhamba.
Nei Hunhu Hwakashata Huchikosha Kwazvo?
Avhareji iyi inopa pfungwa yakajairika yeavhareji yedata rakaonekwa. Saka, kana ukaona data rehurefu hwevadzidzi, semuenzaniso, unogona kuwana fungidziro yehurefu hwevadzidzi vese mukirasi.
Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti avhareji inongomiririra chete kana data risina kukanganiswa nehukuru hwakanyanya kana kuti zvinhu zvisingakoshi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo data rine zvinhu zvisingakoshi, avhareji inogona kuva chiyero chiri nani chetsika yepakati.
Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipira zveMean
Zvakawandisa:
1. Mumiriri: Anopa ruzivo rwakanaka rwenzvimbo yedata.
2. Zviri nyore kuverenga: Pane fomura iri nyore yekuverenga.
3. Inoshandiswa mukuongorora kwakasiyana-siyana kwenhamba: Inowanzo sanganiswa nezvimwe zvishandiso zvekuongorora zvakaita sekuchinjana uye kudzoka.
Kekurangan:
1. Inonzwisisika kune zvinhu zvisingawanzoonekwi: Zvinhu zvisingaonekwi zvinogona kukanganisa kukosha kweavhareji.
2. Hazviratidzi kugoverwa kwedata: Maseti maviri akasiyana edata anogona kuva neavhareji imwe chete, asi kugoverwa kwakasiyana.
Mhedziso
Avhareji iyi inzira inobatsira zvikuru muhuwandu hwehuwandu hwedata. Kushandisa avhareji mu data rakabatanidzwa kunosanganisira kuverenga kukosha kwepakati kwekirasi yega yega uye kuiyera zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekirasi yega yega. Kunyangwe avhareji iine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi, ichiri chimwe chezvishandiso zvekuongorora zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirisa data. Kunzwisisa maitiro ekuverenga nekududzira avhareji kuchakubatsira kuongorora nekuita sarudzo dzakarurama zvichibva padata.
