Musoro: Muenzaniso weMibvunzo yeKukurukurirana pamusoro peZviratidzo zveWelfare Index
Pendauluan
Rubatsiro rweveruzhinji chimwe chezvinangwa zvikuru zvebudiriro munyika dzakawanda. Nokudaro, kuyera runyararo kwakakosha kuti pave nezvirongwa zvebudiriro zvakanangana. Chimwe chishandiso chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakuyera runyararo iWelfare Index. Iyi indekisi ine zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinofukidza hupfumi, magariro evanhu, uye zvakatipoteredza. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mienzaniso yakati wandei yemibvunzo inoongorora kunzwisisa kwezviratidzo izvi, pamwe nekukurukurirana kwemhinduro.
Tsanangudzo yeWelfare Index
Chiyero cheHutano Hwevanhu (Well-Being Index) chishandiso chekuyera chinangwa chekupa ruzivo rwezvehupfumi nemagariro evanhu. Chiyero ichi chinogona kusanganisira zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva pamari inowanikwa nemunhu mumwe nemumwe, huwandu hwekushaya mabasa, nguva yekurarama, kusvika padanho redzidzo. Chiyero cheHutano Hwevanhu chinobatsira zvikuru pakuenzanisa huwandu hweutano pakati pematunhu akasiyana kana nyika uye pakutevera shanduko muhutano nekufamba kwenguva.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Mubvunzo 1: Zviratidzo zveHupfumi
Mumwe muongorori ari kuenzanisa kugara zvakanaka kwenyika mbiri, Nyika A neNyika B. Nyika A ine mari inowanikwa nemunhu wese inosvika $10,000 uye huwandu hwevasina mabasa hwe5%. Nyika B ine mari inowanikwa nemunhu wese inosvika $8,000 uye huwandu hwevasina mabasa hwe3%. Zvichibva pazviratidzo zvehupfumi izvi, ndeipi nyika yakabudirira kupfuura iyi?
Kukurukurirana:
Kuongororwa kwehupfumi kunowanzo kurukurwa. Munyaya iyi, Nyika A ine mari yakawanda yemunhu mumwe nemumwe kupfuura Nyika B, izvo zvinogona kureva kuti munhu wepanyika A ane mari yakawanda. Zvisinei, huwandu hwekushaya mabasa muNyika B hwakaderera, zvichiratidza kugoverwa kuri nani kwemabasa.
Kusarudza kuti ndeipi nyika yakabudirira zvakanyanya mune zvehupfumi kunogona kutsamira pazvinhu zvinokosha: zvakakosha here kuva nemari yakawanda pamunhu wega wega kana kuti huwandu hwekushaya mabasa hwakaderera? Kana mari iriyo inonyanya kukosha, saka Nyika A inogona kuita seyakabudirira zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, kana kugadzikana kwevashandi kuchikosha zvikuru, Nyika B inogona kunzi yakabudirira zvakanyanya.
Mubvunzo 2: Zviratidzo Zvemagariro Evanhu
Maguta maviri, Guta X neGuta Y, ari kuenzaniswa maererano nekugara zvakanaka kwevanhu. Guta X rine huwandu hwevanhu vanogona kuverenga nekunyora hwe95% uye hupenyu hunotarisirwa huri makore 75. Guta Y rine huwandu hwevanhu vanogona kuverenga nekunyora hwe90% uye hupenyu hunotarisirwa huri makore 80. Zvichibva pane zviratidzo izvi zvevanhu, nderipi guta rakabudirira kupfuura iri?
Kukurukurirana:
Kuongorora hutano hwevanhu kunosanganisira zvinopfuura nhamba chete. Guta X rine huwandu hwakanyanya hwevanhu vane ruzivo nekunyora, zvichiratidza dzidzo iri nani kana mukana wekuwana dzidzo yakawanda. Kune rumwe rutivi, Guta Y rine tarisiro yakakura yekurarama, zvichiratidza kuti zvinhu zvakaita sehutano neutsanana zvinogona kunge zviri nani.
Kana dzidzo ikatorwa seyakakosha zvikuru pakugara zvakanaka kwazvino nekwemangwana, Guta X rinogona kuonekwa serinobudirira zvikuru. Kusiyana neizvi, kana kugara zvakanaka kwakatarisana nehutano nekugara kwenguva refu, Guta Y rinogona kufarirwa.
Mubvunzo 3: Zviratidzo zvezvakatipoteredza
Funga nezvenzvimbo mbiri, Dunhu C neDunhu D, dziri kuongororwa kuti nharaunda igare zvakanaka sei. Dunhu C rine huwandu hwemhepo inoburitsa kabhoni hunosvika matani maviri pamunhu uye 40% yenzvimbo yaro inzvimbo ine girini. Dunhu D rine huwandu hwemhepo inoburitsa kabhoni hunosvika tani imwe chete pamunhu asi 20% chete ndiyo nzvimbo ine girini. Zvichibva pazviratidzo izvi, ndeipi nzvimbo iri kubudirira?
Kukurukurirana:
Kuyera kugara zvakanaka kwezvakatipoteredza kunoda kufunga nezvekuenzanisa pakati pekuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye mukana wekuona zvakasikwa. Nzvimbo C, ine nzvimbo yakawanda yegirinhi, inogona kupa hupenyu huri nani nekuda kwekuwanda kwemapaki nenzvimbo dzezvisikwa, izvo zvinogona kutsigira hutano hwepfungwa nehwemuviri.
Kusiyana neizvi, Dunhu D, rine kabhoni shoma inoburitsa, rinobatsira zvishoma pakuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye rinonyanya kutarisisa kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Kana kuderedza kusvibiswa kuri iko kunonyanya kutariswa, Dunhu D ringave riri nani. Zvisinei, kana mukana wekuwana nzvimbo dzakasvibira uchikosheswa, Dunhu C rinogona kunge riri nani.
Mhedziso
Kuongorora hutano kuburikidza neWell-Being Index kunoda kunzwisisa kwakakwana kwezviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoumba. Zvakakosha kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakakosha uye mamiriro ezvinhu pakuongorora ruzivo rwehutano. Hapana mhinduro dzakarurama kana dzisina kururama pakuenzanisa zviratidzo izvi; asi, zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nezvinonyanya kutariswa nenzanga kana vagadziri vemitemo. Chiratidzo chimwe nechimwe chinopa maonero akasiyana ekuti hutano hunogona kuvandudzwa uye kuchengetedzwa sei.
Nekuziva zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokanganisa hutano, kusanganisira hupfumi, magariro evanhu, uye zvakatipoteredza, vagadziri vemitemo vanogona kugadzira mapurogiramu akanangana zvakanyanya kuti vavandudze hupenyu hwevanhu. Kudzidza kubva mumienzaniso yakaita seiyi kunotibatsira kunzwisisa kuomarara uye kukosha kwechiratidzo chimwe nechimwe mukuyera hutano hwese.
