Mienzaniso yemibvunzo nekukurukurirana nezvekutsauka kwemajini
Pendauluan
Kushanduka-shanduka kwemajini inzira yekushanduka-shanduka inoreva shanduko dzisina kurongeka muma frequency e allele mukati mevanhu. Chiitiko ichi chinowanzoonekwa zvakanyanya muvanhu vashoma, uko zviitiko zvisina kurongeka zvinogona kukanganisa zvikuru chimiro chemajini evanhu. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura zvakanyanya kushanduka kwemajini, pamwe nemienzaniso nehurukuro kuti zvijekese pfungwa iyi.
Pfungwa Dzekutanga dzeKushanduka Kwemajini
Kushanduka kwemajini kunoitika kana ma allele frequency muhuwandu hwevanhu achichinja zvisina tsarukano pakati pezvizvarwa. Izvi hazvisi mhedzisiro yekusarudza kwechisikigo, asi mhedzisiro yekusarudzira zvisina tsarukano. Muhuwandu hudiki, mamwe ma allele anogona kuwanda kana kunyangarika zvachose nekuda kwetsaona. Kunyangwe kushanduka kwemajini kuchigona kuitika muhuwandu hwakawanda, kukanganisa kwacho kunowanzova kudiki pane kwekusarudza kwechisikigo.
Mienzaniso yeMaitiro eKushanduka kweMajini: Mhedzisiro yeMuvambi uye Mhedzisiro yeBottleneck
1. Mugumisiro weMuvambi: Kana boka diki revanhu richisiya boka guru revanhu vachienda kunotanga koloni itsva, ma alleles avanotakura anogona kungomiririra chikamu chidiki chete chekusiyana kwemajini evanhu vepakutanga. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuti ma allele akawanda mukoloni itsva asiyane zvakanyanya neaya ari muboka rekutanga.
2. Kukanganisa Kunokonzerwa Nenjodzi: Kunoitika kana huwandu hwevanhu huchidzikira zvakanyanya nekuda kwenjodzi kana chimwe chiitiko. Mushure mechiitiko ichi, huwandu hwevanhu vasara hunogona kunge huine musanganiswa wakasiyana wealleles nehuwandu hwepakutanga, uye mamwe maalleles anogona kurasika zvachose.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso weGenetic Drift
Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani kukanganiswa kwemajini, ngatikurukurei muenzaniso wedambudziko rinotevera.
Mubvunzo: Boka diki rematatya pachitsuwa rine ma alleles maviri eruvara rweganda: B (bhuruu) uye b (girini). Muchizvarwa chekutanga, huwandu hweB allele i0,6 uye b allele i0,4. Nekuda kwemafashamo, huwandu hwematatya hunoderedzwa kusvika pamapeya maviri. Mushure mezvizvarwa zvakati wandei, huwandu hunokura zvakare kusvika pa100. Muchizvarwa chechishanu, B allele chete ndiyo inowanikwa ine 1,0. Tsanangura maitiro anogona kuitika uye simba rawo.
Kukurukurirana:
Muchiitiko ichi, kukanganiswa kwemajini kunogona kuita basa guru. Ngationgororei maitiro acho:
1. Kuchinja Kwehuwandu Hwevanhu Kunokonzerwa Nemafashamo: Mafashamo anokonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu hwematatya kamwe kamwe anogona kutorwa semhedzisiro yedambudziko. Kana huwandu hwematatya hukadzikira zvakanyanya, kusiyana kwemajini kunodzikirawo nekuti panenge pasara vanhu vashoma vekubereka mune ramangwana.
2. Kukanganisa Kusingatarisirwi paAllele Frequencies: Nemapeya maviri chete ematatya aripo, mukana wekuti mafrequency ealleles B neb achinje zvisina tsarukano wakakwira. Semuenzaniso, kana maviri aripo aine allele yakawanda yeB, saka allele iyi inogona kuchengetedzwa uye kupfuudzwa kuchizvarwa chinotevera.
3. Kurasikirwa neAllele b: Mukuita kwekuberekana nekuvandudzwa kwehuwandu hwevanhu, hapana nzira inovimbisa kuti allele b ichachengetwa, kunyanya mumapoka madiki ari panjodzi yekukanganiswa kwemajini. Sezvo allele B chete inowanikwa muchizvarwa chechishanu ine frequency ye1,0, izvi zvinoratidza kuti allele b yakarasika kubva muhuwandu hwevanhu.
4. Kukanganiswa Kwenguva Refu: Kurasikirwa ne-b allele nekuda kwekushanduka kwemajini kunogona kuderedza kusiyana kwemajini evanhu, zvichiita kuti ive panjodzi huru yekuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza kana zvirwere zvitsva zvinogona kukanganisa B allele.
Mhedziso
Kushanduka kwemajini inzira yakakosha mukushanduka-shanduka inogona kuchinja ma allele frequency muhuwandu hwevanhu. Kunyange zvazvo ichikosha zvikuru muhuwandu hwevanhu vashoma, nzira iyi inogona kukonzera shanduko huru muchimiro chemajini evanhu kuburikidza nemigumisiro yekutanga uye yekudzikamisa. Muenzaniso uri pamusoro unoratidza kuti zviitiko zvisina tsarukano zvinogona sei kukanganisa kusiyana kwemajini uye, pakupedzisira, kugona kwehupenyu hwevanhu kwenguva refu.
Mukudzidza nezvekushanduka-shanduka kwezvinhu zvipenyu, kunzwisisa kutsauka kwemajini nemigumisiro yako kwakakosha pakunzwisisa kuoma kwehuwandu hwevanhu, kunyanya kana tichifunga nezvekuchengetedzwa kwemarudzi ari munjodzi uye manejimendi ezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kusarongeka kwemaitiro aya kunoratidzawo kuti zvakaoma sei kufanotaura mafambiro ekushanduka-shanduka kwevanhu zvichibva pane zvakatipoteredza uye kusarudzwa kwechisikigo.
