Mienzaniso yeMibvunzo Inotsanangura Mafungu eElectromagnetic
Mafungu emagetsi mafungu anoumbwa nemagetsi nemagetsi anotenderera anopararira nepamuchina wekuvhura chiedza nekumhanya kwechiedza. Mafungu aya akakosha kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu, kubva pakutaurirana kusvika kuhutano. Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani pfungwa iyi, tichakurukura mienzaniso yakati wandei yezvinetso zvine chekuita nemafungu emagetsi nematsananguro awo.
Mubvunzo 1: Kuverenga Wavelength
Mafungu emagetsi ane frequency ye500 MHz. Tsvaga urefu hwemafungu ayo!
Kukurukurirana:
Kuwanda (f) = 500 MHz = 500 x 10^6 Hz
Kumhanya kwechiedza (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Hurefu hwemafungu (λ) hunogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomura:
\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \]
Heano ruzivo rwekuverenga:
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{500 \times 10^6 \, \text{Hz}} \]
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8}{5 \times 10^8} \]
\[ \lambda = 0.6 \, \text{meter} \]
Saka, kureba kwemafungu emagetsi emagetsi i0.6 metres.
Mubvunzo 2: Simba rePhoton
Chii chinonzi simba re photon rine frequency ye 6 x 10^14 Hz?
Kukurukurirana:
Simba (E) re photon rinogona kuverengwa uchishandisa fomura yaPlanck:
\[ E = hf \]
Di mana:
– h ndiyo nguva dzose yaPlanck = 6.626 x 10^-34 J·s
– f inguva yakawanda = 6 x 10^14 Hz
Saka,
\[ E = (6.626 \kawa 10^{-34} \, \text{J·s}) \kawa (6 \kawa 10^{14} \, \text{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 3.9756 \kawa 10^{-19} \, \mashoko{J} \]
Saka, simba re photon i3.9756 x 10^-19 joules.
Mubvunzo 3: Kumhanya kwemafungu emagetsi muMedium
Kana kumhanya kwechiedza mu vacuum kuri 3 x 10^8 m/s uye refractive index ye medium iri 1.5, kumhanya kwechiedza mu medium iyoyo chii?
Kukurukurirana:
Kumhanya kwechiedza muchikamu chepakati (v) kunogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa refractive index (n):
\[ n = \frac{c}{v} \]
Di mana:
– c ndiko kumhanya kwechiedza mu vacuum = 3 x 10^8 m/s
– n ndiyo refractive index = 1.5
Kuverenga v:
\[ v = \frac{c}{n} \]
\[ v = \frac{3 \kawa 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{1.5} \]
\[ v = 2 \kawa 10^8 \, \text{m/s} \]
Saka, kumhanya kwechiedza mune iyi nzira ndeye 2 x 10^8 metres pasekondi.
Mubvunzo 4: Mafungu eElectromagnetic paRadio Frequencies
Nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo X inotepfenyura pafrequency ye100 MHz. Ndeipi wavelength yesignal?
Kukurukurirana:
Kuwanda (f) = 100 MHz = 100 x 10^6 Hz
Kumhanya kwechiedza (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Hurefu hwemafungu (λ) hunogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomura:
\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \]
Saka,
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{100 \times 10^6 \, \text{Hz}} \]
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8}{1 \times 10^8} \]
\[ \lambda = 3 \, \text{meter} \]
Saka, kureba kweredhiyo yechiratidzo i3 metres.
Mubvunzo 5: Simba Rinogamuchirwa neAntena
Antena inogamuchira chiratidzo chemafungu emagetsi chine simba re0.1 W pafrequency ye2.4 GHz. Antena inogamuchira maphotoni mangani pasekondi?
Kukurukurirana:
Simba (P) = 0.1 W = 0.1 J/s
Kakawanda (f) = 2.4 GHz = 2.4 x 10^9 Hz
Simba re photon imwe (E) rinogona kuverengwa uchishandisa fomura:
\[ E = hf \]
\[ E = (6.626 \kawa 10^{-34} \, \text{J·s}) \kawa (2.4 \kawa 10^9 \, \text{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 1.59024 \kawa 10^{-24} \, \mashoko{J} \]
Huwandu hwemaphoton pasekondi (N) hunogona kuverengerwa nekukamura simba nesimba paphoton imwe neimwe:
\[ N = \frac{P}{E} \]
\[ N = \frac{0.1 \, \text{J/s}}{1.59024 \times 10^{-24} \, \text{J}} \]
\[ N = 6.29 \kawa 10^{22} \, \text{photons/s} \]
Saka, antenna inogamuchira mafotoni angangoita 6.29 x 10^22 pasekondi.
Mhedziso
Kukurukurirana kwemafungu emagetsi kwakasiyana-siyana uye kunosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda, kubva pakuverenga urefu hwemafungu, simba rephoton, kusvika pakumhanya kwemafungu mune imwe medium. Matambudziko emuenzaniso netsananguro dzawo pamusoro apa zvinotarisirwa kukubatsira kunzwisisa pfungwa yemafungu emagetsi zvakadzama uye mashandisirwo awo. Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa chino chinobatsira uye chinowedzera kunzwisisa kwevaverengi nezvemafungu emagetsi.
