Mienzaniso yeMibvunzo Inokurukura nezveSimba reElectromotive Rinotungamirwa (EMF)
Simba remagetsi rinotungamirwa (EMF) ipfungwa huru mumagetsi emagetsi uye inowanzova nyaya huru muzvidzidzo zvefizikisi, muzvikoro zvepamusoro nepakoreji. Kunzwisisa simba rinotungamirwa kwakakosha nekuda kwekushandiswa kwaro muhunyanzvi hwemazuva ano, senge majenareta emagetsi, matransformer, nezvimwe zvishandiso zvemagetsi. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mienzaniso yakati wandei yezvinetso nemhinduro dzazvo maererano nesimba rinotungamirwa kuti tiwedzere kunzwisisa kwedu pfungwa iyi.
Nhanganyaya kuInduced EMF
Tisati tanyatsoongorora dambudziko remuenzaniso, ngatitangei tanzwisisa pfungwa huru ye induced emf. Induced emf isimba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nekuchinja magnetic flux mucircuit. Chiitiko ichi chakatanga kuwanikwa naMichael Faraday, saka zita racho rinonzi Faraday's Law. Panyaya yemasvomhu, Faraday's Law inotsanangurwa seizvi:
\[ \mathcal{E} = -\frac{d\Phi}{dt} \]
Di mana:
– \(\mathcal{E}\) ndiyo EMF (Volts) inokonzerwa
– \(\Phi\) ndiyo magnetic flux (Weber)
– \(d\Phi\) ndiko kuchinja kwesimba remagineti
– \(dt\) ndiko kuchinja kwenguva
Chiratidzo chekuramba chiri mu equation chinotsanangurwa neMutemo waLenz, uyo unoti divi reEMF inokonzerwa rinogara riri rekuti rinopesana nekuchinja kwe magnetic flux inorikonzera.
Mushure mekunzwisisa hwaro hwedzidziso iyi, ngatiendei kumibvunzo yemuenzaniso nehurukuro dzayo.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 1
Mubvunzo:
Koiri ine matenderere mazana maviri uye inoiswa mumunda wemagineti wakafanana une simba remagineti re \( B = 0,5 \) Tesla. Kana nzvimbo yepakati pekoiri iri 0,1 m², verenga EMF inogadzirwa kana simba remagineti riri pakoiri rakachinjwa kubva pa0,5 T kuenda pa0 mumasekonzi 0,02.
Kukurukurirana:
Kutanga, tinoverenga shanduko mu magnetic flux (\( \Delta \Phi \)):
\[
\Delta \Phi = N \cdot \Delta (B \cdot A)
\]
Di mana:
– \( N = 200 \) (nhamba yekutenderera)
– \( B \) shanduko kubva pa 0,5 T kuenda pa 0 T (saka \( \Delta B = 0 – 0,5 = -0,5 \) T)
– \( A = 0,1 \) m²
Kuti:
\[
\Delta \Phi = 200 \cdot (-0,5 \cdot 0,1) = 200 \cdot (-0,05) = -10 \text{ Weber}
\]
Tevere, tinoverenga EMF induced (\( \mathcal{E} \)):
\[
\mathcal{E} = -\frac{\Delta \Phi}{\Delta t}
\]
Kupi \( \Delta t = 0,02 \) masekondi, saka:
\[
\mathcal{E} = -\frac{-10}{0,02} = 500 \text{ Volts}
\]
Saka, EMF inogadzirwa i500 Volts.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 2
Mubvunzo:
Mhete yesimbi ine dhayamita ye10 cm inoiswa mumunda wemagineti unoshanduka nechiyero che \(0,1 \) Tesla pasekondi. Verengai emf inokonzereswa inogadzirwa mumhete.
Kukurukurirana:
Kuti tiverenge EMF inokonzerwa, tinoshandisa Mutemo waFaraday uye tinotanga nekuverenga magnetic flux:
\[
\Delta \Phi = \Delta B \cdot A
\]
Nzvimbo yemhete (\( A \)) iri:
\[
A = \pi r^2 = \pi \left(\frac{d}{2}\right)^2 = \pi \left(\frac{0,1}{2}\right)^2 = \frac{\pi}{400} \text{m}^2
\]
Nekukwira kwekuchinja kwesimba remagineti \(\Delta B = 0,1\) T/sec:
\[
\mathcal{E} = -N \frac{d \Phi}{dt} = -N \cdot \frac{\Delta B \cdot A}{\Delta t}
\]
Sezvo shanduko mu \( \Delta t \) iri muhuwandu hunogara huripo, \( N =1\) uye tsivai ma values:
\[
\mathcal{E} = – 1 \cdot \left( 0,1 \cdot \frac{\pi}{400} \right) = – \frac{\pi}{4000} \text{ Volt}
\]
Saka, EMF inokonzerwa inogadzirwa murin'i ndeye \(\frac{\pi}{4000} \text{ Volt} \approx 0,000785 \text{ Volt}\).
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 3
Mubvunzo:
Kondakita yakatwasuka ine urefu hwemita imwe inofamba yakatwasuka ichimhanya 5 m/s mumunda wemagineti wakaenzana we0,2 T. Chii chinonzi EMF chinokonzerwa nekondakita?
Kukurukurirana:
Kuti tiwane EMF inokonzerwa mu conductor inofamba, tinoshandisa fomura:
\[
\mathcal{E} = B \cdot l \cdot v
\]
Di mana:
– \( B = 0,2 \) T
– \( l = 1 \) m
– \( v = 5 \) m/s
Tsiva tsika idzi mufomura:
\[
\mathcal{E} = 0,2 \nguva 1 \nguva 5 = 1 \chinyorwa{Volt}
\]
Saka, EMF inokonzereswa inogadzirwa mumuchina wekufambisa i1 Volt.
Mhedziso
Kunzwisisa simba remagetsi rinokonzereswa (EMF) neMutemo waFaraday kwakakosha mufizikisi, kunyanya kana tichitarisa ma electromagnetics. Mienzaniso iri pamusoro inoratidza mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana epfungwa iyi, kusanganisira kuchinja minda yemagineti, mafambiro ekufambisa, nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa. Kuziva nzira dzekuverenga dzemagadzirirwo akasiyana-siyana edunhu uye mamiriro ezvinhu esimba remagineti kuchawedzera kunzwisisa kwedu pfungwa iyi uye kuchaita kuti ishande kune matekinoroji akasiyana-siyana emazuva ano.
