Mibvunzo yeMienzaniso neKukurukurirana kweEnzymes
Maenzymes imhando dzinokosha dzema enzymes mumabasa ehupenyu, achishanda se catalysts kuti akurumidze kuita makemikari mukati memasero. Pasina ma enzymes, maitiro akawanda muzvinhu zvipenyu aizofamba zvishoma nezvishoma kuti arambe achirarama. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mienzaniso yakati wandei yematambudziko ane chekuita nema enzymes, pamwe chete nehurukuro yavo netsananguro.
Nhanganyaya kumaEnzymes
MaEnzayimu mapuroteni ane kugona kukurumidzisa makemikari asingachinjwe zvachose mukuita uku. Enzyme yega yega ine chimiro chayo chinonzi nzvimbo inoshanda, uko substrate (morekuru iri kuita reaction) inobatana. Kusiyana kwemaenzayimu kuri mukusiyana kwawo, kureva kugona kwawo kuziva mhando imwe chete kana shoma dzesubstrate.
Pamusoro pezvo, maenzyme anoshanda nekuderedza simba rekuita remakemikari, rinova simba rinodiwa kuti pave nekuita. Nekuderedza simba rekuita, maenzyme anobvumira kuti kuita zvinhu zviitike nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira pakupisa kwemuviri kwakajairika.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nehurukuro
Inotevera mienzaniso yakati wandei yemibvunzo ine chekuita nema enzymes inowanzo sangana nayo muzvidzidzo zvebhayoloji, pamwe chete nehurukuro dzavo.
Mubvunzo 1: Basa reMaEnzymes muSistimu Yekugaya
Mubvunzo:
Tsanangura basa rema enzymes mukugaya kwemuviri wemunhu. Taura ma enzymes matatu anosvika matatu ekugaya uye mabasa awo.
Kukurukurirana:
Maenzyme anoita basa guru mukugaya chikafu nekuputsa mamorekuru echikafu kuita mafomu akareruka kuitira kuti akwanise kutorwa nemuviri. Heano mamwe maenzyme akakosha ekugaya chikafu uye mabasa awo:
1. Amylase: Iyi enzyme inogadzirwa mumatumbu emate nepancreas. Amylase inoputsa makabhohaidhiretsi akaomarara, akadai sestarch, kuita shuga iri nyore (maltose). Maitiro aya anotanga kugaya makabhohaidhiretsi mumuromo uye anoenderera mberi muura hudiki.
2. Pepsin: Inogadzirwa mudumbu, pepsin ienzyme inoputsa mapuroteni kuita mapeptide madiki. Ichishanda zvakanaka munzvimbo ine acidity inopiwa nedumbu, pepsin inotanga maitiro ekugaya mapuroteni.
3. Lipase: Lipase inogadzirwa nepancreas uye inoshanda kugaya mafuta. Iyi enzyme inoputsa triglycerides kuita ma free fatty acids nema monoglycerides, zvichiita kuti inyudzwe nedumbu diki.
Mubvunzo 2: Nzira yekushanda kwemaEnzyme
Mubvunzo:
Chii chinorehwa nemuenzaniso wekuti "lock and key" mukuita kweenzyme?
Kukurukurirana:
Muenzaniso we "lock and key" unotsanangura kuti ma enzymes nema substrates anoshanda sei. Mumuenzaniso uyu, nzvimbo inoshanda ye enzyme ine chimiro chakati chinogona kusungwa ne substrate ine chimiro chakabatana, sekiyi inogona kungovhura lock chaiyo. Saka, substrate chaiyo chete ndiyo inogona kukonzera catalytic activity ye enzyme.
Zvisinei, sezvo sainzi yafambira mberi, modhi iyi yakagadziridzwa nemodhi ye "induced fit", iyo inoti kana substrate yasvika kune enzyme, nzvimbo inoshanda inogona kugadzirisa chimiro chayo kuti ibatane zvakananga ne substrate.
Mubvunzo 3: Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kuitwa KwemaEnzyme
Mubvunzo:
Dudza uye tsanangura zvinhu zvitatu zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro ema enzyme!
Kukurukurirana:
Basa re enzyme rinogona kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira:
1. Tembiricha: Basa rema enzyme rakanaka kwazvo patembiricha yakati (tembiricha yakanaka). Patembiricha yakaderera, maitiro ema enzyme anowanzo kunonoka nekuda kwekushaikwa kwesimba re kinetic mumamorekuru. Kusiyana neizvi, tembiricha dzakanyanya kukwira dzinogona kukonzera denaturation, inova shanduko muchimiro che enzyme chemativi matatu, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa nebasa rayo.
2. pH: Enzyme yega yega ine pH yakakwana. Semuenzaniso, pepsin inoshanda zvakanaka pa pH inosvika 2, nepo amylase inoshanda zvakanaka pa pH isina kusimba. pH isina kukodzera inogona kukonzera shanduko mukuchaja kwe enzyme kana substrate, zvichikanganisa kusangana panzvimbo inoshanda.
3. Kuwanda kweSubstrate neEnzyme: Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwesubstrate kunowanzo kuwedzera reaction rate kusvika yasvika pakuzara, uko maenzyme ese aripo anoumba complexes nesubstrate. Panguva ino, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwesubstrate hakuchawedzere reaction rate.
Mubvunzo 4: Zvinodzivirira MaEnzyme
Mubvunzo:
Tsanangura musiyano uripo pakati pezvinodzivisa kukwikwidzana nezvisingakwikwidzani kana tichitarisa ma enzymes!
Kukurukurirana:
MaEnzyme inhibitors mamorekuru anoderedza mashandiro emaEnzyme, uye anogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri zvichienderana nemaitiro avo ekuita:
1. MaInhibitors Anokwikwidzana: Mamorekuru aya anokwikwidzana zvakananga nesubstrate kuti abatane nenzvimbo inoshanda yeenzyme. Nokudaro, simba remainhibitors anokwikwidzana rinogona kuderedzwa nekuwedzera huwandu hwesubstrate.
2. Zvidziviriri Zvisingakwikwidzi: Izvi zvinodzivirira zvinosunga kune enzyme panzvimbo isiri panzvimbo inoshanda, zvichichinja chimiro che enzyme kuitira kuti isakwanise kushanda zvakanaka kunyangwe nzvimbo yayo inoshanda yakasungwa ne substrate. Kuwedzera huwandu hwe substrate hakugone kukunda zvachose kudziviriri uku.
Mhedziso
MaEnzayimu anoita basa rakakosha muhupenyu hwakasiyana-siyana nekubatsira makemikari kuita zvinhu mumamiriro ezvinhu akachengeteka uye anoshanda zviri nani. Kunzwisisa mashandiro azvo, zvinhu zvinopesvedzera mashandiro emaEnzayimu, uye mabasa azvo chaiwo mumuviri ndizvo zvakakosha mubiology. Nekudzidza mibvunzo iyi nekukurukura nezvayo, tinogona kunyura zvakadzama munyika yakaoma uye inonakidza yemaEnzayimu.
