Muenzaniso weMubvunzo weKukurukurirana weDhiagiramu yeKuparadzira
Chinyorwa chinopararira, chinozivikanwawo sedhayagiramu yekupararira, chishandiso chakakosha mukuongorora data uye nhamba. Chinotibatsira kunzwisisa hukama huripo pakati pezvimiro zviviri zvenhamba nekunyora mapoinzi edata muchikamu chemativi maviri. Chinyorwa chino chichataura nezvemienzaniso nekukurukurirana kwezvinyorwa zvinopararira.
Chii chinonzi Scatter Plot?
Chidimbu chemashoko chinoratidza hukama huripo pakati pemaseti maviri edata renhamba. Poindi imwe neimwe iri pachidimbu chemashoko inomiririra maviri ezviyero zviviri zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, kana tichida kuongorora hukama huripo pakati pemaawa ekudzidza nemapoinzi ebvunzo, maawa ekudzidza anogona kumiririrwa neX-axis, ukuwo mamakisi ebvunzo neY-axis.
Mabhenefiti eScatter Diagrams
1. Kuziva Mapatani: Mapatani eScatterplots anogona kutibatsira kuziva mapatani kana mafambiro mudata. Mapatani aya anogona kuva akatsetseka, asina kutsetseka, kana kutoshaya mapatani zvachose.
2. Kuona Kubatana: Tichishandisa scatterplot, tinogona kuona kana paine hukama pakati pezvinhu zviviri. Kubatana kunogona kuva kwakanaka, kusina kunaka, kana zero (pasina hukama).
3. Kuona Zvinhu Zvisingaonekwe: Mapuratifomu ekuparadzanisa anoitawo kuti zvive nyore kuona zvinhu zvisingaonekwekwekwe, izvo zviri data points dziri kure zvakanyanya kubva kune mamwe data set.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 1: Kugadzira Dhiagiramu Yekupararira
Mubvunzo:
Zvichitevera ruzivo runotevera maererano nemaawa ekudzidza (X) uye mamakisi ebvunzo (Y) evadzidzi vashanu:
| Vadzidzi | Maawa Ekudzidza (X) | Chibodzwa Chebvunzo (Y) |
|——-|———————|——————–|
| A | 2 | 70 |
| B | 3 | 75 |
| C | 1 | 65 |
| D | 4 | 80 |
| E | 5 | 85 |
Gadzira dhayagiramu yekupararira uchishandisa data riri pamusoro apa.
Kukurukurirana:
Kuti ugadzire dhayagiramu yekupararira, matanho anogona kutorwa ndeaya anotevera:
1. Sarudza maekisi eX neY: Sarudza chinjo yemaawa ekudzidza eX axis nemapoinzi ebvunzo eY axis.
2. Ronga mapoinzi edata: Ronga peya yega yega (X, Y) mugirafu.
Heino rondedzero yedata:
| X-axis (Maawa Ekudzidza) | Y-axis (Zvibodzwa zveBvunzo) |
|————————–|————————–|
| 2 | 70 |
| 3 | 75 |
| 1 | 65 |
| 4 | 80 |
| 5 | 85 |
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 2: Kuona Rudzi rweKubatana
Mubvunzo:
Zvichibva padata rakanyorwa muMuenzaniso weMubvunzo 1, sarudza rudzi rwehukama huripo pakati pemaawa ekudzidza nemapoinzi ebvunzo.
Kukurukurirana:
Kuti tizive rudzi rwehukama, tinofanira kutarisisa patani inoumbwa nedata points padhayagiramu yekupararira.
Dhayagiramu inoratidza kuti sezvo maawa ekudzidza achiwedzera, mamakisi ebvunzo anowedzerawo. Izvi zvinoratidza hukama hwakanaka pakati pemaawa ekudzidza nemakisi ebvunzo. Hukama uhwu hunoonekwa sehwakanaka nekuti mavari ese ari maviri anofamba akananga kumwe chete.
Muenzaniso 3: Kuverenga Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Mubvunzo:
Verengai coefficient yekubatana kwePearson kubva padata riri muExample Problem 1.
Kukurukurirana:
Pearson correlation coefficient (r) inoyera simba negwara rehukama hwakatsetseka pakati pezvinhu zviviri. Fomura ye r ndeiyi:
\[ r = \frac{n(\sum XY) – (\sum X)(\sum Y)}{\sqrt{[n\sum X^2 – (\sum
Di mana:
– \( n \) ndiyo nhamba yemapeya edata.
– \( \sum XY \) ihuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zveX naY.
– \( \sum X \) ndiyo huwandu hwese hweX.
– \( \sum Y \) ndiyo huwandu hwese hweY.
– \( \sum X^2 \) ihuwandu hwezvikwere zvehuwandu hwese hweX.
– \( \sum Y^2 \) ndiyo huwandu hwezvikwere zve Y yese.
Kutanga, ngativerengei kukosha kunodiwa:
\[ \sum X = 2 + 3 + 1 + 4 + 5 = 15 \]
\[ \sum Y = 70 + 75 + 65 + 80 + 85 = 375 \]
\[ \sum
\[ \sum
\[ \sum Y^2 = 70^2 + 75^2 + 65^2 + 80^2 + 85^2 = 4900 + 5625 + 4225 + 6400 + 7225 = 28375 \]
Wobva waisa fomura iyi panzvimbo payo:
\[ r = \frac{5(1175) – (15)(375)}{\sqrt{[5(55) – (15)^2][5(28375) – (375)^2]}} \]
\[ r = \frac{5875 – 5625}{\sqrt{[275 – 225][141875 – 140625]}} \]
\[r = \frac{250}{\sqrt{50 1250}} \]
\[r = \frac{250}{\sqrt{62500}} \]
\[r = \frac{250}{250} \]
\[r = 1 \]
Saka, coefficient yePearson correlation yedata riri pamusoro apa i1, iyo inoratidza hukama hwakanaka hwakakwana.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 4: Kuona Zvinhu Zvisingakoshi
Mubvunzo:
Kubva padata riri muMuenzaniso weMubvunzo 1, sarudza kana paine zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki muchikamu chekuparadzira.
Kukurukurirana:
Chinhu chisiri chedata (outlier) ipoinzi yedata iri kure zvikuru nedzimwe data. Kubva padata:
| X-axis (Maawa Ekudzidza) | Y-axis (Zvibodzwa zveBvunzo) |
|————————–|————————–|
| 2 | 70 |
| 3 | 75 |
| 1 | 65 |
| 4 | 80 |
| 5 | 85 |
Mapoinzi ese edata anoita seanobatana, uye hapana akasiyana zvakanyanya nemamwe. Saka, tinogona kugumisa kuti seti iyi yedata haina zvinhu zvakasiyana.
Mhedziso
Chinyorwa chinopatsanura chinhu chinobatsira zvikuru pakuongorora data pakuona hukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zviviri zvinochinja nhamba. Kuburikidza nemienzaniso iri pamusoro, tinogona kunzwisisa maitiro ekugadzira chikwangwani chinopatsanura, kuona rudzi rwehukama, kuverenga chikwangwani chePearson correlation, uye kuona zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki. Kunzwisisa pfungwa idzi kwakakosha pakuongorora data nekuita sarudzo dzakavakirwa pakuongorora ikoko.
Saka, kuparadzira mapoinzi hakungobatsiri chete pakunzwisisa data zvakadzama asiwo kunovhura nzira yekuwedzera kuongororwa kwenhamba.
