Mienzaniso yeMibvunzo Inokurukura Mashandiro EmaEnzymes
MaEnzayimu mapuroteni akaomarara anoshanda semacatalyst mumaitiro akasiyana-siyana emakemikari anoitika mukati mezvinhu zvipenyu. Anokurumidza mwero wemaitiro asina kushandiswa mukuita uku. Kunzwisisa mashandiro emaEnzayimu kwakakosha, kunyanya kuvadzidzi vari kudzidza biology nekemesitiri. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora mienzaniso yakati wandei yematambudziko uye tichakurukura mashandiro emaEnzayimu kuti tinzwisise zviri nani nyaya iyi inokosha.
Nhanganyaya kuEnzymes neMabasa Adzo
MaEnzayimu anoita basa rakakosha mumabasa ese emuviri mumuviri. Anobatanidzwa mukugaya chikafu, kugadzira DNA, kushandura simba remakemikari, uye kunyange kubvisa chepfu mumuviri. Enzayimu yega yega inowanzo kuve yakanangana nechinhu chimwe chete, ichishanda pamhando yelock-and-key kana induced fit.
1. Kiyi neKiyi Model: MaEnzymes ne substrates zvine maumbirwo chaiwo anofanirwa kubatana pamwe chete sekiyi nekiyi kuti chiitiko chiitike.
2. Induced Adaptation Model: MaEnzymes anogona kuchinja chimiro chawo kana substrate yaswedera pedyo kuti ienderane nechimiro che substrate, zvichiita kuti reaction ienderere mberi zvakanaka.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Heano mimwe mienzaniso yemibvunzo nehurukuro pamusoro pekuti ma enzymes anoshanda sei:
Mubvunzo 1:
Muongorori anoona mashandiro eenzyme ine substrate chaiyo patembiricha dzakasiyana. Patembiricha yakakwira, mashandiro eenzyme akaderera zvikuru. Sei izvi zvichiitika?
Kukurukurirana:
MaEnzayimu anonyanya kukanganiswa nekuchinja kwetembiricha. Enzyme yega yega ine tembiricha yakanaka iyo basa rayo riri pamusoro. Tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya inogona kukonzera denaturation, shanduko muchimiro che enzyme chemativi matatu. Chimiro cheprotein enzyme yakacheneswa chinowanzo rasikirwa nebasa rayo nekuti nzvimbo yayo inoshanda inochinja chimiro, zvichiita kuti isasungane zvakanaka ne substrate. Nokudaro, patembiricha yakakwira, basa re enzyme rinoderera nekuda kwe denaturation.
Mubvunzo 2:
Chii chichaitika kumabasa ema enzyme kana pH yezvakatipoteredza ikachinja zvakanyanya kubva pa pH yepamusoro ye enzyme?
Kukurukurirana:
Kufanana netembiricha, maenzyme anewo pH yakakwana. Kuchinja kukuru mupH kunogona kukanganisa ionization yemaamino acids munzvimbo inoshanda yeenzyme uye kukanganisa ma ionic bonds mukati mechimiro cheenzyme. Kana pH iri kunze kwehuwandu hwakanaka, enzyme inogona kurasikirwa neaffinity ye substrate kana denature. Nekuda kweizvozvo, basa re enzyme rinoderera kana kutomira.
Mubvunzo 3:
Tsanangura mashandiro anoita ma "competitive enzyme inhibitors" uye ipa mienzaniso yekuti izvi zvinogona sei kukanganisa maitiro ema "enzyme reactions".
Kukurukurirana:
Chinhu chinodzivisa kukwikwidzana imorekuru inokwikwidzana nechinhu chinosunga panzvimbo inoshanda yeenzyme. Izvi zvinodzivirira chinhu chinodzivisa kubatanidzwa panzvimbo inoshanda uye zvinodzivirira kuti chiitiko chisaitike. Semuenzaniso, kana chinhu chine chimiro chakafanana nechechinhu chinodzivisa, chinhu chinodzivisa chinogona kugara panzvimbo inoshanda, chichidzivirira chinhu chinodzivisa kupinda. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mwero wekuita kweenzyme unodzikira.
Semuenzaniso, mukutenderera kwe folic acid metabolism mumabhakitiriya, mishonga ye sulfonamide inoshanda semudziviriri wemakwikwi, ichikwikwidzana ne substrate para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Izvi zvinomisa kugadzirwa kwe folic acid uye pakupedzisira zvinomisa kukura kwemabhakitiriya.
Mubvunzo 4:
Zvinodzivirira allosteric zvinokanganisa sei mashandiro ema enzyme?
Kukurukurirana:
Mishonga inodzivirira maAllosteric haibatanidzi panzvimbo inoshanda, asi kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa senzvimbo dze allosteric. Kana mishonga iyi inodzivirira maAllosteric ichibatana nenzvimbo dze allosteric, inokonzera shanduko mu enzyme, kusanganisira nzvimbo yayo inoshanda. Izvi zvinogona kuderedza kubatana kwe enzyme kune substrate kana kushandura enzyme kuita fomu isingashande. Kudzivirira maAllosteric ndeimwe yenzira huru dzekutonga mashandiro ema enzyme, akakosha munzira dzakaoma dze metabolic. Muenzaniso wekare wekudzivirira maAllosteric ndeyekudzivirira mhinduro muKrebs cycle, uko mhedzisiro ye reaction inodzivirira enzyme yekutanga kudzivirira kugadzirwa kwakawandisa.
Kufambira Mberi
Kunzwisisa mashandiro ema enzymes kwakakosha kwete chete mune zvesainzi yekutanga asiwo mukushandiswa kwemishonga. Indasitiri ye biotechnology inowanzo shandisa ma enzymes mukugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakudya kusvika kumishonga.
Chimwe chinhu chinofanira kucherechedzwa nevadzidzi kukosha kwekudzidzira murabhoritari. Kuedza nemaoko kuona mhedzisiro yekupisa, pH, uye huwandu hwesubstrate pabasa re enzyme kuchawedzera kunzwisisa pfungwa iyi. Uyezve, kuedza kunosanganisira zvinodzivisa, zvose zvinokwikwidzana uye zvisingakwikwidzane, kuchapa rumwe ruzivo pamusoro pekutonga kwe enzymes mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo.
Mhedziso
Chinyorwa chino chakurukura mimwe mienzaniso yezvinetso uye chakapa hurukuro yekuti ma enzyme anoshanda sei. Kukosha kwema enzymes mumabasa ehupenyu uye mashandisirwo awo muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva kunoratidza kudiwa kwekunzwisisa kwakakwana kwenyaya iyi kune chero ani zvake anofarira sainzi, kunyanya biology ne chemistry. Kuburikidza nekudzidza nekuita nguva dzose, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kuomarara uye runako rwemaitiro ehupenyu anoshandiswa nema enzymes.
