Muenzaniso wemubvunzo wekukurukurirana pamusoro pehukuru hweEMF inokonzerwa
Pendauluan
Simba remagetsi rinotungamirwa (EMF) chiitiko chepanyama chakawanikwa naMichael Faraday muna 1831. Faraday akawana kuti simba remagineti rinoshanduka mu loop kana coil ye conductor rinogona kukonzera magetsi. Chiitiko ichi chinonzi electromagnetic induction uye ndicho hwaro hwematekinoroji mazhinji emazuva ano, akadai semajenareta, ma transformer, uye mota dzemagetsi. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura mienzaniso yakati wandei yezvinetso uye chichakurukura kukura kweEMF inotungamirwa, iyo ichave inobatsira zvikuru kunyanya kuvadzidzi vanodzidza fizikisi yemagetsi nemagnetism.
Pfungwa huru yeInduced EMF
Tisati tanyatsoongorora dambudziko remuenzaniso, zvakanaka kuti tiongorore pfungwa huru ye induced emf. Mutemo waFaraday unoti induced emf iri mu conducting loop inoenderana zvakananga nehuwandu hwekuchinja kwe magnetic flux kuburikidza ne loop. Pamasvomhu, mutemo waFaraday unogona kuumbwa seizvi:
\[ \mathcal{E} = – \frac{d\Phi}{dt} \]
di mana:
– \( \mathcal{E} \) ndiyo EMF inokonzerwa (volts)
– \( \Phi \) ndiyo magnetic flux (Weber, Wb)
– \(t \) inguva (yechipiri, s)
Chiratidzo chekuramba chiri muequation chinoratidza Mutemo waLenz unoti divi remagetsi anokonzerwa nemagetsi richagadzira simba remagineti rinopikisa shanduko yemagetsi anokonzera mafambiro acho.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Mubvunzo 1: Koiri Imwe Chete
Mubvunzo: Koira imwe chete ine nzvimbo yepamusoro ye0.02 m² inoiswa mumunda wemagineti wakaenzana wehukuru hwe0.5 T, yakatarisana nepamusoro pekoira. Simba remagineti rinongoerekana rava zero mumasekonzi 0.1. Verenga hukuru hweEMF inokonzerwa inomuka mukoira.
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa:
– Nzvimbo yepamusoro pe coil \( A = 0.02 \, \text{m}^2 \)
– Hukuru hwesimba remagineti \( B = 0.5 \, \text{T} \)
– Nguva yekuchinja munda \( \Delta t = 0.1 \, \text{s} \)
Kuchinja kwesimba remagineti:
\[ \Delta \Phi = B \nguva A \]
\[ \Delta \Phi = 0.5 \, \text{T} \times 0.02 \, \text{m}^2 \]
\[ \Delta \Phi = 0.01 \, \text{Wb} \]
Kukura kweEMF inokonzerwa:
\[ \mathcal{E} = – \frac{\Delta \Phi}{\Delta t} \]
\[ \mathcal{E} = – \frac{0.01 \, \text{Wb}}{0.1 \, \text{s}} \]
\[ \masvomhu{E} = -0.1 \, \zvinyorwa{V} \]
Nekuti chiri kubvunzwa ihukuru hweEMF (pasina kuteerera chiratidzo):
\[ |\mathcal{E}| = 0.1 \, \zvinyorwa{V} \]
Mubvunzo 2: Kukombama neN Turns
Mubvunzo: Koira ine matenderere zana uye nzvimbo yayo yepamusoro i0.03 m². Koira iyi iri mumunda wemagineti wakaenzana we0.4 T wakatarisana nekoira. Kana simba remagineti rikawedzera kusvika pa1.2 T mumasekonzi 0.4, verenga avhareji ye emf inogadzirwa mukoira.
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa:
– Nhamba yekutenderera \( N = 100 \)
– Nzvimbo yepamusoro pe coil \( A = 0.03 \, \text{m}^2 \)
– Kuchinja kwesimba remagineti \( \Delta B = 1.2 \, \text{T} – 0.4 \, \text{T} \)
– Nguva yekuchinja munda \( \Delta t = 0.4 \, \text{s} \)
Shanduko mukuyerera kwemagineti padanho rega rega:
\[ \Delta \Phi = A \nguva \Delta B \]
\[ \Delta \Phi = 0.03 \, \text{m}^2 \times (1.2 \, \text{T} – 0.4 \, \text{T}) \]
\[ \Delta \Phi = 0.03 \, \text{m}^2 \times 0.8 \, \text{T} \]
\[ \Delta \Phi = 0.024 \, \text{Wb} \]
Kuchinja kwese kwekufamba kweN kutenderera:
\[ \Delta \Phi_{\text{total}} = N \times \Delta \Phi \]
\[ \Delta \Phi_{\text{total}} = 100 \kawa 0.024 \, \text{Wb} \]
\[ \Delta \Phi_{\text{total}} = 2.4 \, \text{Wb} \]
Kukura kweEMF inokonzerwa:
\[ \mathcal{E} = – \frac{\Delta \Phi_{\text{total}}}{\Delta t} \]
\[ \mathcal{E} = – \frac{2.4 \, \text{Wb}}{0.4 \, \text{s}} \]
\[ \masvomhu{E} = -6 \, \zvinyorwa{V} \]
Nekuti chiri kubvunzwa ihukuru hweEMF (pasina kuteerera chiratidzo):
\[ |\mathcal{E}| = 6 \, \zvinyorwa{V} \]
Mubvunzo 3: Kufambisa Coil Mumunda Wemagineti
Mubvunzo: Koira ine rectangular ine matenderedzwa makumi mashanu, kureba kwe4 cm, uye upamhi hwe2 cm, inoiswa mumunda wemagineti wakaenzana we0.3 T uchienderana nehurefu hwekoira. Kana koira ikabuda kunze kwemunda wemagineti nekumhanya kwakafanana kwe5 cm/s, chii chinonzi EMF inokonzerwa mukoira?
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa:
– Nhamba yekutenderera \( N = 50 \)
– Kureba \( l = 0.04 \, \text{m} \)
– Upamhi \( w = 0.02 \, \text{m} \)
– Hukuru hwesimba remagineti \( B = 0.3 \, \text{T} \)
– Kumhanya kwekubuda kwesimba remagineti \( v = 0.05 \, \text{m/s} \)
Simba remagetsi rinoita kuti coil ifambe mumunda wemagineti rinobva pa:
\[ \mathcal{E} = B lv \]
Sezvo coil ine maN turns, huwandu hwese hweEMF hunokonzerwa ndehwekuti:
\[ \mathcal{E}_{\text{total}} = Bvunza lv \]
\[ \mathcal{E}_{\text{total}} = 50 \times 0.3 \, \text{T} \times 0.04 \, \text{m} \times 0.05 \, \text{m/s} \]
\[ \mathcal{E}_{\text{total}} = 50 \kawa 0.0006 \, \text{V} \]
\[ \mathcal{E}_{\text{total}} = 0.03 \, \zvinyorwa{V} \]
Mhedziso
Kukurukurirana kwemuenzaniso wematambudziko ari pamusoro apa kunoratidza kuti induced emf inogona kuverengerwa sei kubva pakuchinja kwemagnetic flux kana kubva pakufamba kwecoil mumunda wemagineti. Pfungwa iyi inokosha ku electromagnetism uye ine mashandisirwo akawanda mu tekinoroji. Kunzwisisa maverengero emazvo induced emf kuburikidza nematambudziko anoshanda kuchabatsira zvikuru vadzidzi mukuziva chinhu ichi uye kuchishandisa muminda yakasiyana-siyana.
