27 Mienzaniso yekupindira uye kupararira kwechiedza - kutsemuka kaviri
1. Mipata miviri yakamanikana iri 0,5 mm yakaparadzana inovhenekerwa nechiedza chine urefu hwemarefu hwe600 nm. Verengai makona matatu madiki apo (1) kupindirana kwekuvaka kunoitika (b) kupindirana kunoparadza.
Kukurukurirana
Makona matatu madiki apo kupindirana kwekuvaka kunoitika:
Makona matatu madiki apo kupindirana kwekuvaka kunoitika:
2. Chiedza cheMonochromatic chinopfuura nepakati pemipata miviri yakamanikana, yakafanana. Daro riri pakati pemipata iri 0,6 mm. Daro riri pakati pechidzitiro nemipata iri 60 cm. Patani yekupindira inoitika pachiratidziro mutsetse wakajeka uye wakasviba wakaparadzaniswa nedara rimwe chete. Kana dara riri pakati pemitsetse miviri yakajeka iri pedyo riri 0,2 mm, sarudza urefu hwewavelength yechiedza chakashandiswa.
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
d = 0,6 mm = 0,0006 m = 6 x 10-4 m
y = 0,2 mm = 0,0002 m = 2 x 10-4 m
l = 60 cm = 600 mm = 0,6 m
Akabvunzwa: Ndeupi urefu hwechiedza hunoshandiswa?
Mhinduro:
3. Mupata une mativi maviri unovhenekerwa nechiedza chine urefu hwemafungu e560 nm. Chidzitiro chinoiswa 1 m kubva pamupata. Kana daro riri pakati pemipata miviri iri 0,5 mm, saka daro riri pakati pemabhandi maviri akajeka ari pedyo...
A. 1,00 mm
B. 1,12 mm
C. 1,40 mm
D. 1,60 mm
E. 2,00 mm
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa :
Akabvunzwa :
Kureba pakati pemabhendi maviri akajeka ari pedyo (y)
Jawab :
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.
4. Kureba pakati pemwenje miviri yemotokari i110 cm. Avhareji yehurefu hwechiedza chinoburitswa nemwenje miviri i600 nm. Kana mwenje miviri iyi ikaonekwa nemunhu ane dhayamita yepiri ye2 mm, kureba kukuru pakati pemotokari nemunhu kuitira kuti mwenje yemwenje miviri iyi irambe yakaparadzana...
A. 450 m
B. 2500 m
C. 3000 m
D. 4000 m
E. 5000 m
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa :
D = 2 mm = 2 x 10-3 mita
Kureba kwechiedza = 600 nm = 600 x 10-9 mita
Daro pakati pemarambi maviri emota = 110 cm = 1,1 metres
Akabvunzwa :
Daro riri pakati pemotokari nemunhu ari kuona mwenje miviri (l)?
Jawab :
Kuti mwenje miviri ionekwe sezvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana, kona (theta) inofanira kunge yakakura kupfuura kona yakakosha, iyo inozadzisa equation:
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.
5. Dhayagiramu iri pazasi inoratidza kuyedza kwaYoung. Kana d iri daro riri pakati pemipata miviri, L idaro kubva pamupata kuenda pachiratidziro uye P2 ndiyo daro remutsara wechipiri unopenya kubva pamutsetse wepakati unopenya, wozotevera kureba kwechiedza chakashandiswa (1 Å = 10-10 m) iri…
A. 3.000 Å
B. 4.000 Å
C. 5.000 Å
D. 5.500 Å
E. 6.000 Å
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa :
Kureba pakati pemipata miviri (d) = 1 mm = 1 x 10-3 mita
Kureba kubva pamusuwo kusvika pachiratidziro (L) = mita imwe
Kureba kwemutsara wechipiri wakajeka kubva pamutsetse wepakati wakajeka (P)2) = 1 mm = 1 x 10-3 mita
Kurongeka (n) = 2 (chiedza chepakati ndicho chiedza chekutanga saka n = 0. Chiedza chechipiri ndicho mutsetse wekutanga wechiedza saka n = 1, n = mutsetse wechipiri wechiedza)
Akabvunzwa : Hurefu hwechiedza (λ) hunoshandiswa ndi…
Jawab :
Fomura yekupindirana kwezvidimbu zviviri (kupindirana kwekuvaka) :
d sin θ = n λ
chivi θ ≈ tan θ = P2 / L = (1 x 10-3) / 1 = 1 x 10-3 mita
Hurefu hwemafungu echiedza :
λ = d sin θ / n
λ = (1 x 10-3)(1 x 10-3) / 2 = (1 x 10-6/ 2
λ = 0,5 x 10-6 mamita = 5 x 10-7 mita
λ = 5000 x 10-10 mita
λ = 5000 Å
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.
6. Mukuyedza kupindirana kwemativi maviri, data rinobuda riri sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri padivi. Saka kukosha kwewavelength yakashandiswa ndekwekuti… (1 m = 1010 Å)
A. 4500 Å
B. 5000 Å
C. 6000 Å
D. 6500 Å
E. 7000 Å
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa :
Kureba pakati pemipata miviri (d) = 0,8 mm = 8 x 10-4 mita
Kureba kubva pamusuwo kusvika pachiratidziro (L) = mita imwe
Kureba kwemutsetse wechina wakajeka kubva pamutsetse wepakati wakajeka (P) = 3 mm = 3 x 10-3 mita
Odha (n) = 4
Akabvunzwa : Hurefu hwechiedza (λ) hunoshandiswa ndi…
Jawab :
Fomura yekupindirana kwezvidimbu zviviri (kupindirana kwekuvaka) :
d sin θ = n λ
chivi θ ≈ tan θ = P / L = (3 x 10-3) / 1 = 3 x 10-3 mita
Hurefu hwemafungu echiedza :
λ = d sin θ / n
λ = (8 x 10-4)(3 x 10-3) / 4 = (24 x 10-7/ 4
λ = 6 x 10-7 mamita = 6000 x 10-10 mita
λ = 6000 Å
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.
7. Mufananidzo uri padivi ndiwo mufananidzo wenzira yemwaranzi yechiedza muchiitiko chekupindirana kwemativi maviri S.1 uye S2, mapoinzi A naB imitsara miviri yakatevedzana yerima uye wavelength inoshandiswa i6000 Å (1 Å = 10-10 m). Chinhambwe chiri pakati pemipata miviri iyi…
A. 0,015 mm
B. 0,2 mm
C. 1,5 mm
D. 1,6 mm
E. 1,8 mm
Kukurukurirana
Kureba pakati pemipata miviri kunoverengwa uchishandisa fomura kupindira kunovaka tichifunga kuti daro riri pakati pemitsetse miviri yakatevedzana yerima rakafanana nedaro riri pakati pemitsetse miviri yakatevedzana yakajeka.
Zvinozivikanwa :
Kureba kubva pamusuwo kusvika pachiratidziro (L) = mita imwe
Marefu enguva akashandiswa (λ) = 6000 Å = 6000 x 10-10 mamita = 6 x 10-7 mita
Nhambwe iri pakati pemutsetse wakajeka wepakati kusvika kumutsetse wekutanga wakajeka (P) = 0,2 mm = 0,2 x 10-3 mamita = 2 x 10-4 mita
Kurongeka kwekutanga kwemutsetse wakajeka (n) = 1
Akabvunzwa : Kureba pakati pemipata miviri (d)
Jawab :
Fomura yekupindira kwekuvaka :
d = n λ / sin θ
chivi θ ≈ tan θ = P / L = (2 x 10-4) / 1 = 2 x 10-4 mita
Daro riri pakati pemipata miviri :
d = n λ / chivi θ = (1)(6 x 10-7) / (2 x 10-4)
d = (6 x 10-7) / (2 x 10-4) = (3 x 10-3)
d = mamita zana
d = 3 mm
8. Kana mafungu maviri echiedza ane urefu hwemafungu e600 nm akasangana nekukanganiswa kwekuvaka, nzira yemafungu ichasiyana zvakadini?
Kukurukurirana: Kuti pave nekupindirana kwekuvaka, musiyano uri munzira dzemafungu unofanira kuva nλ, apo n iri nhamba yakakwana. Kana n=0, musiyano uri munzira dzemafungu i0 nm.
9. Mafungu echiedza ane urefu hwemafungu e500 nm anoparadzaniswa nemumupata wakamanikana. Kana daro riri pakati pemupata nechidzitiro riri 2 m, uye daro riri pakati pepakati pepatani yemupata nedanho rekutanga riri 5 mm, upamhi hwemupata hwakaita sei?
Kukurukurirana: Tichishandisa diffraction equation \( a\sin \theta = m\lambda \), apo \( a \) iri slit width, \( m \) iri order, uye \( \theta \) iri angle, tinogona kuwana slit width: \( a = \frac{{m\lambda}}{{\sin \theta}} = \frac{{(1)(500 \times 10^{-9}\, \text{m})}}{{\sin \left( \frac{{5 \times 10^{-3}\, \text{m}}}{{2\, \text{m}}} \right)}} \approx 5 \times 10^{-4}\, \text{m} \).
10. Kana mafungu maviri echiedza ane urefu hwemafungu e400 nm akasangana nekukanganiswa kunoparadza, nzira yemafungu ichasiyana zvakadini?
Kukurukurirana: Kana paine kukanganiswa kunoparadza, musiyano uri munzira dzemafungu unofanira kuva \( (n + \frac{1}{2})\lambda \). Kana n=0, musiyano uri munzira dzemafungu i200 nm.
11. Chii chinoitika kana upamhi hwemugero mukuyedza kwe diffraction hwakakura kupfuura hurefu hwewavelength yechiedza?
Kukurukurirana: Kana upamhi hwemupata hwakakura kupfuura urefu hwechiedza, maitiro ekudhiragirana haanyatsojeka uye achava akaoma kuona.
12. Mukuyedza kwaYoung kwe double-slit ine wavelength ye 650 nm, slits ye 0,1 mm yakaparadzaniswa ne 0,2 mm. Ndeipi daro riri pakati pe dark bands yekutanga neyechipiri pa screen iri 1 m kure?
Kukurukurirana: Daro riri pakati pemabhande erima rinogona kuwanikwa uchishandisa equation yekupindira \( y = \frac{{m\lambda D}}{{d}} \), apo \( m = 1 \) iri order yekutanga, \( D \) iri dara rekuenda kuchiratidziro, uye \( d \) iri dara riri pakati pemipata. Zvadaro daro riri pakati pemabhendi ekutanga neechipiri erima nderekuti: \( y = \frac{{(1)(650 \times 10^{-9}\, \text{m}(1\, \text{m})}}{{0,1 \times 10^{-3}\, \text{m}}} – \frac{{(0)(650 \times 10^{-9}\, \text{m}(1\, \text{m})}}{{0,1 \times 10^{-3}\, \text{m}}} \approx 6,5\, \text{mm} \).
13. Kana chiedza chine urefu hwemafungu e700 nm chikarova gomba rakapetwa kaviri rine daro re 0,3 mm pakati pegomba, daro riri pakati pemabhandi ekutanga neechipiri akajeka pachidzitiro chiri kure ne 1,5 m nderipi?
**Kukurukurirana**: Tichishandisa equation yakafanana nemubvunzo wechishanu, tinogona kuwana kuti daro riri pakati pemabhandi akajeka ekutanga neechipiri nderekuti: \( y \approx 7\, \text{mm} \).
13. Chii chinonzi kupindirana kwekuvaka uye kunoitika sei?
Kukurukurirana: Kupindirana kwekuvaka kunoitika kana mafungu maviri echiedza asangana uye musiyano uri munzira yawo uri kuwanda kwewavelength (nλ). Izvi zvinoguma nekuwedzera kweamplitude yemafungu.
14. Chii chinonzi kupindira kunoparadza uye kunoitika sei?
Kukurukurirana: Kukanganisa kunoparadza kunoitika kana mafungu maviri echiedza asangana uye musiyano uri munzira yawo uri kuwanda kusinganzwisisike kwehafu yewavelength \((n + \frac{1}{2})\lambda\). Izvi zvinoguma nekuderedzwa kana kuderera kwehukuru hwemafungu.
15. Mukupararira kwechiedza kuburikidza negomba rimwe chete, chii chinoitika kune patani yekupararira kwechiedza kana upamhi hwegomba hukaderedzwa?
Kukurukurirana: Kana upamhi hwemupata hukaderedzwa, patani ye diffraction ichave yakakura, uye mabhandi echiedza nerima achaparadzaniswa zvakanyanya.
16. Chii chinoitika kune maitiro ekupindira mukuyedza kwe "double-slit" kana daro riri pakati pe "slits" rikawedzerwa?
Kukurukurirana: Kana daro riri pakati pemipata rikawedzerwa, maitiro ekupindira anowedzera kusimba, uye daro riri pakati pemitsetse yakajeka neyakasviba richaderera.
17. Mukuyedza kwaYoung kwe "double-slit" ne "wavelength" ye550 nm uye "slit" ye0,15 mm, daro riri pakati pe "fifth" ne "10th bright bands" pa "screen" iri kure ne2 m?
Kukurukurirana: Tichishandisa equation yakafanana nedambudziko rechishanu, tinogona kuwana kuti daro riri pakati pemabhandi akajeka echishanu neegumi nderekuti: \( y \approx 36,67\, \text{mm} \).
18. Kureba kwewavelength kunokanganisa sei mapatani ekuyerera kwemvura?
Kukurukurirana: Kureba kwewavelength kuchaita kuti pave nepattern yakakura yekupararira kwemvura, nepo kureba kwewavelength kudiki kuchizoita kuti pave nepattern yakamanikana yekupararira kwemvura.
19. Kana chiedza chine urefu hwemafungu e450 nm chikarova gomba rakapetwa kaviri rine daro re0,25 mm pakati pegomba, daro riri pakati pemabhande ekutanga neechipiri erima pachidzitiro chiri kure nemita imwe chete.
Kukurukurirana: Tichishandisa equation yakafanana nemubvunzo wechishanu, tinogona kuwana kuti daro riri pakati pemabhendi ekutanga neechipiri erima nderekuti: \( y \approx 1,8\, \text{mm} \).
20. Ungaziva sei nzvimbo yebhandi rakajeka muchimiro chekupindirana kwemativi maviri?
Kukurukurirana: Nzvimbo yebhandi rakajeka muchimiro chekupindirana kwezvidimbu zviviri inogona kutsanangurwa uchishandisa equation \( y = \frac{{m\lambda D}}{{d}} \), apo \( m \) ndiyo kurongeka, \( \lambda \) ndiyo wavelength, \( D \) ndiyo daro rekuenda kuchiratidziro, uye \( d \) ndiyo daro riri pakati pezvidimbu.
21. Ungaziva sei nzvimbo yebhandi rerima muchimiro che diffraction chine slit imwe chete?
Kukurukurirana: Nzvimbo yebhandi rerima mupatani ye diffraction ine slit imwe chete inogona kuzivikanwa uchishandisa equation \( a\sin \theta = m\lambda \), apo \( a \) iri upamhi hweslit, \( m \) iri kurongeka, uye \( \theta \) iri kona.
22. Chii chinoitika kune patani yekupindira kana chiedza chikatsiviwa newavelength pfupi?
Kukurukurirana: Kana kureba kwewavelength kuri kupfupika, maitiro ekupindira achava matete, uye daro riri pakati pemabhandi akajeka neakasviba richaderedzwa.
23. Kuedza kwe "double-slit" kunoshanda sei kuratidza hunhu hwemafungu echiedza?
Kukurukurirana: Kuedza kwe "double-slit" kunoratidza hunhu hwemafungu echiedza nekugadzira patani yekupindira yakajeka uye yakasviba pachikirini. Patani iyi inoumbwa nekusanganiswa kwemafungu kubva kumaburi ese ari maviri, zvichiratidza hunhu hwemafungu echiedza.
24. Tsanangura musiyano uripo pakati pekupindirana nekupararira kwemashoko.
Kukurukurirana: Kupindirana kunoenderana nekusanganiswa kwemafungu maviri kana kupfuura zvichikonzera kuwedzera kana kudzikira kwehukuru, nepo diffraction inoenderana nekukombama kwemafungu paanopfuura nepaburi kana kutenderedza chinhu.
25. Mukuyedza kwaYoung kwekucheka zvidimbu zviviri, tsanangura kuti sei mapatani erima nechiedza achionekwa pachiratidziro.
Kukurukurirana: Mapatani erima nechiedza anoonekwa nekuda kwekupindirana kwekuvaka nekuparadza pakati pemafungu anobva mumipata miviri. Mapatani echiedza anoonekwa kana kupindirana kwekuvaka kukaitika (musiyano wenzira ihuwandu hwewavelength), uye mapatani erima anoonekwa kana kupindirana kunoparadza kukaitika (musiyano wenzira ihuwandu husinganzwisisike hwehafu yewavelength).
25. Ko patani yekupararira kwemugero mumwe chete yakasiyana sei neyemugero wakapetwa kaviri?
Kukurukurirana: Patani yekupararira kwemugero mumwe chete ine bhandi rakajeka repakati rine mabhandi akasviba neakajeka anotevedzana kumativi ese. Mumugero wakapetwa kaviri, pane imwe patani yekupindira inokonzerwa nekubatana kwemafungu kubva kumakomba ese ari maviri, zvichiita kuti patani yacho ive yakaoma.
Kupindirana kwechiedza
Kupindirana chiitiko chinoitika kana mafungu maviri echiedza akasangana uye akabatana. Izvi zvinogadzira patani itsva ine amplitude inogona kuva yakakura kana kuti shoma pane amplitude yemafungu ekutanga.
Kupindira Kunovaka
Kupindirana kwekuvaka kunoitika kana musiyano uri munzira yemafungu uri kuwanda kwewavelength (nλ), zvichikonzera kuwedzera kweamplitude yemafungu. Iyi patani inoonekwa semabhandi akajeka pachiratidziro mukuyedza kwakadai sekwaYoung's double-slit.
Kupindira Kunoparadza
Kukanganisa kunoparadza kunoitika kana musiyano uri munzira yemafungu uri musanganiswa wehafu yehurefu hwemafungu . Izvi zvinoguma nekuderedzwa kana kuderedzwa kwehukuru hwemafungu, hunoonekwa sebhandi rerima muchimiro chekukanganisa.
Kupararira kweChiedza
Kupatsanurwa kwechiedza (diffraction) chiitiko chinoitika kana mafungu echiedza achipinda nepaburi rakamanikana kana kuti akatenderedza chinhu. Izvi zvinoita kuti mafungu echiedza akotama opararira, zvichigadzira patani ye diffraction.
Kupararira kuburikidza neChidimbu Chimwe Chete
Muchikamu chimwe chete, diffraction inogadzira patani yakajeka yepakati ine mabhandi akasviba neakajeka anotevedzana kumativi ese. Upamhi hwechikamu hwakaenzana nehupamhi hwepatani ye diffraction.
Kupararira kuburikidza neMupata Wakakamurwa Kaviri
Muchikamu chinopatsanurwa kaviri, kupatsanurwa kunogadzira patani yakaoma kunzwisisa. Pamusoro pepatani yekupatsanurwa kubva pachikamu chimwe nechimwe, kunewo patani yekupindira inokonzerwa nekubatana kwemafungu kubva pachikamu chimwe nechimwe.
Kuedza Kwakakosha
Kuedza kwaYoung kweKucheka Kaviri
Kuedza kwaThomas Young kwekucheka kaviri inzira imwe yekuona kupindirana uye kupararira kwechiedza. Mapatani echiedza nerima ari pachiratidziro anoratidza hunhu hwemafungu echiedza, zvichitsigira dzidziso yemafungu echiedza.
Mhedziso
Kupindirana nekupararira kwezvinhu zvinoratidza hunhu hwemafungu echiedza. Kunzwisisa kuti kupindirana nekupararira kwezvinhu zvinoshanda sei kunotibvumira kunzwisisa zvakadzama hunhu nemaitiro echiedza, izvo zvine mashandisirwo akakosha muminda yakaita se optics, communications technology, uye mishonga.
Kudzidza kupindirana nekupararira kwechiedza kunobatsirawo mukuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji dzakadai semamaikorosikopu, materesikopu, nezvimwe zvishandiso zvemaziso, izvo zvinovimba nemapatani ekupindira nekupararira kwechiedza kuti zvivandudze kugona uye kugona.
