Mienzaniso 8 yeMibvunzo yeMatambudziko Emaziso
1. Nzira yechiedza inoratidza kuumbwa kwemufananidzo negirazi reziso remunhu ane myopia inoratidzwa mumufananidzo...
Kukurukurirana
Kuona zviri pedyo, kana kuti myopia, chirwere chemaziso chinokanganisa ziso apo ziso harigone kuona zvinhu zviri kure zvakajeka. Nzvimbo iri kure ndiyo daro riri kure kwazvo iro ziso rakajairwa rinogona kuona zvakajeka. Munhu akajairika ane maziso akajairwa ane nzvimbo iri kure isingaperi.
Chinokonzera kusaona zvakanaka i cornea-lens system yakakombama (chikamu chakatambanuka cheziso chakareba zvakanyanya) zvekuti kureba kwe cornea-lens system kunoderedzwa, zvichiita kuti mwaranzi yechiedza inobva kunzvimbo dziri kure iendeswe mberi kwe retina. Mwaranzi yechiedza isingaperi haiendeswe pa retina kuitira kuti masero etsinga ari mu retina asakwanise kushandura mafungu echiedza kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi zvinotumirwa kuuropi.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.
2. Ani ane chirwere chemaziso chinonzi hyperopia. Dambudziko iri rinokonzerwa ne...
A. Nzvimbo iri kure yeziso inoswedera pedyo neziso
B. Nzvimbo iri kure yeziso inosuduruka kubva paziso
C. Nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso inoswedera pedyo neziso.
D. nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso inosuduruka kubva paziso
Kukurukurirana
Kuona zviri kure , kana kuti hyperopia, chirwere chemaziso chinobata ziso apo ziso harigone kuona zviri pedyo zvakajeka kana kuti nzvimbo iri pedyo inoita seisina kujeka. Nzvimbo iri pedyo ndiyo daro riri pedyo zvikuru iro ziso rakajairwa rinogona kuona zvakajeka. Munhu akajairika ane maziso akajairwa ane nzvimbo iri pedyo inosvika 25 cm. Vanhu vane maziso akajairwa vanogona kuona zviri kure zvakajeka, saka zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mu hyperopia , nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso inobviswa kubva paziso.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.
3. Tarisa mufananidzo!
Ndeapi marudzi ezvikanganiso zvemaziso nemagirazi anogona kubatsira vanotambura nemagirazi aya?
A. Kuona zviri kure uye lenzi yakamoneredzwa
B. Kuona zviri pedyo uye magirazi akakombama
C. Kuona zviri pedyo uye magirazi akakombama
D. Kuona zviri pedyo uye magirazi akajeka
Kukurukurirana
Zvikanganiso zvemaziso zviri pamufananidzo uri pamusoro apa ndeizvi kuona zviri pedyo kana myopia, sekuti dhayagiramu yenzira yemwaranzi inoratidzwa sei pamufananidzo uri padivi.
Kuona zviri pedyo chirwere chemaziso umo zvinhu zviri kure zvinoita sezvisina kujeka. Nzvimbo iri kure ndiyo daro riri kure kwazvo iro ziso rakajairwa rinogona kuona zvakajeka. Munhu akajairika ane maziso akajairwa ane nzvimbo iri kure isingaperi.
Chinokonzera kusaona zvakanaka i cornea-lens system yakakombama (chikamu chakatambanuka cheziso chakareba zvakanyanya) zvekuti kureba kwe cornea-lens system kunoderedzwa, zvichiita kuti mwaranzi yechiedza inobva kure ienderere mberi kwe retina. Mwaranzi yechiedza haienderere mberi kwe retina kuitira kuti masero etsinga ari mu retina asakwanise kuchinja divi rechiedza. 
Mafungu aya echiedza anova zviratidzo zvemagetsi zvinotumirwa kuuropi.
Mwaranzi yechiedza inogona kutariswa zvakananga pa retina kana lenzi yakakombama yakaiswa pamberi peziso. Lenzi inopatsanurana inobatsira kuparadzira mwaranzi yechiedza kuitira kuti ikwanise kutariswa zvakananga pa retina.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.
4. Kuumbwa kwemufananidzo wakarurama muzvirema zvemaziso zviri mumyopic kunogona kuonekwa mumufananidzo...
Kukurukurirana
Kuona zviri pedyo kana kuti myopia chirwere chemaziso chinokonzerwa nekuona kwemaziso apo ziso harigone kuona zvinhu zviri kure zvakajeka.
Chinokonzera kusaona zvakanaka i cornea-lens system yakakombama (chikamu chakatambanuka cheziso chakareba zvakanyanya) zvekuti kureba kwe cornea-lens system kunoderedzwa, zvichiita kuti mwaranzi yechiedza inobva kunzvimbo dziri kure iendeswe mberi kwe retina. Mwaranzi yechiedza isingaperi haiendeswe pa retina kuitira kuti masero etsinga ari mu retina asakwanise kushandura mafungu echiedza kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi zvinotumirwa kuuropi.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.
5. Kana mumwe munhu aine dambudziko remaziso rine nzvimbo iri pedyo ne50 cm, uye achida kuverenga ari padanho rekuverenga rakajairika (25 cm), munhu wacho anofanira kushandisa magirazi ane simba regirazi re….
A. ½ diopta
B. ¾ diopters
C. 1 ½ diopters
D. 2 diopters
Kukurukurirana
Munhu anoona zviri kure nekuti nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rake ndeye 50 cm. Nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rakajairika ndeye 25 cm. Kuona zviri kure kunogadziriswa uchishandisa magirazi akajeka. Magirazi akajeka ane urefu hwakanaka hwekutarisa. Kunyange zvazvo magirazi ari kure neziso, izvi hazvitariswi mukuverenga uku.
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Munhu ane dambudziko remaziso ari pedyo = daro remufananidzo (s') = -50 cm
Mufananidzo unofanirwa kunge uri pamberi pegirazi rakamonana kuti uoneke. Nekuti mufananidzo uri pamberi pegirazi rakamonana, mufananidzo wacho uri wepakombiyuta uye une chiratidzo chekusaratidza kunaka.
Kureba kwekuverenga kwakajairika = daro rechinhu (s) = 25 cm
Yakabvunzwa: Simba remagirazi emaziso
Mhinduro:
Kureba kwegirazi re convex (f):
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/25 – 1/50 = 2/50 – 1/50
1/f = 1/50
f = 50 cm
f = 0,5 metres = 5/10 metres = 1/2 metres
Kureba kwegirazi re convex kwakanaka nekuti mwaranzi yechiedza inopfuura nepakati pegirazi re convex.
Simba regirazi rine denderedzwa (P) regirazi:
P = 1 /f = 1 : f
P = 1 : 1/2
P = 1 x 2/1
P = 2/1
P = 2 diopters
Simba regirazi rine girazi rakapinza i2 diopters.
Simba regirazi rine denderedzwa regirazi rakanaka nekuti kureba kwegirazi rine denderedzwa regirazi kwakanaka.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.
6. Munhu ane hyperopia anogona kuverenga bhuku ari kure ne125 cm. Kuti akwanise kuverenga ari kure ne25 cm, munhu wacho anofanira kupfeka magirazi ane simba regirazi re….
A. 3 1/5 diopters
B. 2 ½ diopters
C. 1 3/5 diopters
D. 1 ¼ diopters
Kukurukurirana
Munhu wacho anoona zviri kure nekuti nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rake i125 cm. Nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rake rakajairika i25 cm. Kuona zviri kure kunogadziriswa uchishandisa magirazi akajeka.
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Munhu ane dambudziko remaziso ari pedyo = daro remufananidzo (s') = -125 cm
Mufananidzo unofanirwa kunge uri pamberi pegirazi rakamonana kuti uoneke. Nekuti mufananidzo uri pamberi pegirazi rakamonana, mufananidzo wacho uri wepakombiyuta uye une chiratidzo chekusaratidza kunaka.
Kureba kwekuverenga kwakajairika = daro rechinhu (s) = 25 cm
Yakabvunzwa: Simba remagirazi emaziso
Mhinduro:
Kureba kwegirazi re convex (f):
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/25 – 1/125
1/f = 5/125 – 1/125
1/f = 4/125
f = 125/4
f = 31,25 cm
f = 0,3125 mamita
Simba regirazi rine denderedzwa (P) regirazi:
P = 1 /f
P = 1/0,3125
P = 3,2 diopters
P = (3)(2/10) diopta
P = (3)(1/5) diopta
Simba regirazi rine denderedzwa regirazi i3,2 diopters = 3 1/5 diopters.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.
7. Munhu anogona kuverenga zvakajeka ari kure ne 50 cm. Kuti averenge zvakajeka ari kure ne 30 cm, simba regirazi remaziso rinodiwa ndiro….
A. 1/3 diopta
B. 2/3 diopters
C. ¾ diopters
D. 4/3 diopters
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Munhu ane dambudziko remaziso ari pedyo = daro remufananidzo (s') = -50 cm
Mufananidzo unofanirwa kunge uri pamberi pegirazi rakamonana kuti uoneke. Nekuti mufananidzo uri pamberi pegirazi rakamonana, mufananidzo wacho uri wepakombiyuta uye une chiratidzo chekusaratidza kunaka.
Kureba kwekuverenga = daro rechinhu (s) = 30 cm
Yakabvunzwa: Simba remagirazi emaziso
Mhinduro:
Kureba kwegirazi re convex (f):
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/30 – 1/50 = 5/150 – 3/150
1/f = 2/150
f = 150/2
f = 75 cm
f = 0,75 metres = 75/100 metres = 3/4 metres
Simba regirazi rine denderedzwa (P) regirazi:
P = 1 /f = 1 : f
P = 1 : 3/4
P = 1 x 4/3
P = 4/3 diopters
Simba regirazi rine girazi rakapinza ndiro 4/3 diopters.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.
8. Tarisa mufananidzo unotevera wekuumbwa kwemumvuri muziso!
Dambudziko remaziso nemagirazi emaziso anoshandiswa kuona kuti mufananidzo uri pa retina ndizvo….
Kukurukurirana
Zvirwere zvemaziso: kusaona zvakanaka (myopia )
Mwaranzi yechiedza inogona kutariswa zvakananga pa retina kana lenzi yakakombama kana kuti yakatsauka yakaiswa pamberi peziso. Lenzi yakatsauka inobatsira kuparadzira mwaranzi yechiedza kuitira kuti ikwanise kutariswa zvakananga pa retina.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.
Kwakabva mubvunzo:
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