Tsanangudzo yeGirazi reConcave
Imwe mhando yegirazi rinoshandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva igirazi rakakombama. Girazi rakakombama igirazi rakakombama, uko pamusoro pegirazi rinoratidza rinokombama kumashure. Kuti unzwisise, tarisa mufananidzo wegirazi rakakombama riri padivi.
Shandisa
Kana uchida kunyatsoona ganda rechiso chako zvakajeka uye zvakadzama, bata chiso chako pedyo negirazi rakamonana kusvika girazi rako rava kukura uye maburi ako aonekwa zvakajeka. Kuona kwako kwava kukura kupfuura chiso chako nekuti girazi rinochikudza, izvo zvinoitika kana chiso chako chiri pasi pehukuru hwegirazi. Ndapota dzidza nyaya yekuona girazi rakamonana kuti unzwisise izvi zviri nani. Nekuti zvinokudza girazi, magirazi anowanzo shandiswa nevakadzi pakushambidza uye varume pakuveura ndebvu.
Magirazi akakombama anoshandiswawo mumatochi nemarambi emotokari. Chinangwa chemagirazi ari mumatochi, marambi emotokari, kana mamwe magirazi echiedza ndechekuenzanisa chiedza kuitira kuti chiedza chose chifambe chakananga mberi. Kana ukavhura girazi repamberi retochi wobvisa girazi, chiedza chinobuda chinopararira kumativi ese uye hachigone kuvhenekera zvinhu kana nzvimbo dzemugwagwa dziri kure. Nheyo yekushanda kwemagirazi ari mumatochi kana marambi emotokari inotsanangurwa gare gare muhurukuro pamusoro penzvimbo yekutarisa yemagirazi. Kunze kwekushandiswa mumatochi kana mamwe magirazi echiedza, magirazi anoshandiswawo mumatangi esimba rezuva. Mumatangi esimba rezuva, magirazi anounganidza chiedza chezuva uye anotungamidza chiedza chose kunzvimbo yekutarisa yegirazi, uko mudziyo unoiswa. Chiedza chezuva chinoshandiswa kupwanya mvura iri mumudziyo, uko mhute inoshandiswa kufambisa turbine kugadzira magetsi.
Nzvimbo yekutarisa
Kana pamusoro pegirazi rinoratidza chiedza pakatarisana nechinhu chiri kure zvikuru, semuenzaniso zuva, chiedza chinoburitswa nezuva chinenge chakafanana nechinhu chacho. axis huru girazi, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Mutsetse mukuru wechiratidzo mutsetse wekufungidzira wakatarisana nepakati pegirazi. Mumufananidzo uri pazasi, mutsetse mukuru wechiratidzo unoenderana nenzvimbo inopindirana yemwaranzi yechiedza inoonekwa.
Kana uchirova pamusoro pegirazi, chiedza chega chega kana kuti rambi rechiedza rinoteerera mutemo wekuratidzira chiedzaPakati pemwaranzi wechiitiko nemwaranzi wechiratidzo pane mutsetse wakajairika wakatarisana nepamusoro pegirazi apo mwaranzi wechiedza unopfuura, asi mutsetse wakajairika haudhirwe. Kona iri pakati pemwaranzi wechiitiko newakajairika yakafanana nekona iri pakati pemwaranzi wechiratidzo newakajairika. Kusiyana negirazi rakati sandara rine pamusoro wakati sandara zvekuti mitsetse yese yakajairika iri munzira imwe chete, mugirazi rakati sandara mitsetse yakajairika haisi munzira imwe chete nekuti pamusoro pegirazi rakakombama uye harina kuti sandara. Mitsetse yese yechiratidzo inopindirana pane imwe nzvimbo inoenderana ne axis huru inonzi nzvimbo yekutarisa (F). Nemamwe mashoko, nzvimbo inotarisa chinhu chiri kure negirazi, semuenzaniso zuva nenyeredzi.
Maererano ne mutemo wekuratidzira chiedza, kutungamira kwechiedza kana mwaranzi yechiedza kunogona kudzoserwa shure, zvakasiyana nemufananidzo wekare. Kana chiedza chikaonekwa sechiri panzvimbo yegirazi, ipapo chiedza chinoburitswa nechinhu chinorova pamusoro pegirazi uye chinoratidzwa nepamusoro pegirazi. Kutungamira kwechiedza chinoratidzwa kwakafanana nechikamu chikuru chegirazi rakakombama. Iyi ndiyo nheyo huru iri shure kwekushandiswa kwemagirazi mumatochi, mwenje yemotokari kana mamwe magirazi, kushandiswa kwemagirazi muzviteshi zvemagetsi ezuva.
Zvichibva patsananguro iri pamusoro apa, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kana paine chiedza chiri panzvimbo yegirazi, chiedza chinoburitswa nechinhu chinoratidzwa negirazi apo chiedza chinoratidzwa chinoenderana nechikamu chikuru chegirazi. Kusiyana neizvi, kana chinhu chiri kure kwazvo, mufananidzo wechinhu uri panzvimbo yegirazi rakakombama. Kana chinhu chiri kure kwazvo chine mufananidzo panzvimbo yegirazi, mufananidzo wechinhu uri kupi kana daro rechinhu kubva pamusoro pegirazi riri padiki kana kuti riri pedyo? Kuti unzwisise izvi, ndapota dzidza nyaya yacho. mufananidzo wegirazi rakatetepa uye kuti mukurumidze kunzwisisa nyaya yacho, tanga waidzidza mwaranzi yakakosha yemagirazi akakombama dhani fomura yegirazi rakatetepa.
Kureba kweFocal
Kureba kwefocal (f) ndiko kureba kuri pakati pefocal point (F) nepamusoro pegirazi rakakombama. Izvi zvinotevera zvinotsanangura maitirwo ekuona kureba kwefocal girazi rakakombama uchishandisa incident ray nereflective ray.
Poindi C ndiyo nzvimbo iri pakati pegirazi rakakombama. Kureba kwegirazi rakakombama ndi f (focal length = f = FQ) uye radius yekukombama kwegirazi rakakombama ndi r (radius yekukombama = r = CQ = CP).
Mwaranzi wechiitiko unorova girazi rakakombama paP uye unoonekwa wakananga kufocal point F. Mutsetse une madotsi CP ndiwo mutsetse wakajairika. Mwaranzi wechiitiko nemwaranzi wakaratidzwa zvinoteerera mutemo wekuratidzira chiedza apo angle yechiitiko (θ) yakaenzana neangle yekuratidzira (θ) uye kona iyi yakaenzana neangle yetriangle PCQ (θ). Kona yetriangle PCQ yakaenzana neangle yetriangle CPF saka triangle PFC itriangle yakaenzana. Sezvo triangle PFC iri triangle yakaenzana saka kureba kwePF kwakaenzana nehurefu hweCF. Nekufunga kuti upamhi hwegirazi hudiki pane radius yekukombama kwegirazi saka hurefu hwePF hunoonekwa hwakaenzana nehurefu hweFQ. Sezvo CF = PF uye PF = FQ saka CQ = 2 CF = 2 FQ. CQ = r = radius yekukombama kwegirazi rakakombama uye FQ = f = urefu hwefocal hwegirazi rakakombama. Saka zvinogona kugumiswa kuti nharaunda yekukombama kwegirazi rakakombama (r) = 2 x urefu hwefocal (f) hwegirazi rakakombama.
r = 2 f kana f = r / 2
Mvuri
Girazi rakati sandara rinogona kuumba mufananidzo chaiwo chete, nepo girazi rakati sandara richigona kuumba mifananidzo chaiyo neyechokwadi. Kuti mufananidzo wechinhu ndewechokwadi here kana kuti uri chaiwo zvinoenderana nekureba kwechinhu kubva pamusoro pegirazi rakati sandara, uye izvi zvakatsanangurwa zvakadzama munyaya yacho. mufananidzo wegirazi rakatetepa.
Mvuri Chaiwo
Mufananidzo unongova wechokwadi kana chiedza chinopenya chikapfuura nepanowanikwa mufananidzo wacho. Kana skrini ikaiswa panzvimbo inotarisirwa mufananidzo chaiwo, chiedza chinoonekwa pachiratidziro uye chiedza ichi chine chimiro chechinhu chacho. Kuvapo kwemufananidzo chaiwo unoumbwa negirazi rakamonana ndicho chikonzero nei magirazi akamonana achishandiswa mumatelesikopu emuchadenga. Munyaya yemalenzi ekuona, uchadzidza kuti kugona kwelenzi kugadzira mufananidzo chaiwo ndiko kwakakosha pakushandiswa kwayo mumatelesikopu ekuona.
Mumvuri waMaya
Mufananidzo unowanikwa paindaneti kana chiedza chinoonekwa kana kuti mwaranzi yechiedza inoonekwa paindaneti isingapfuure nepanzvimbo panowanikwa mufananidzo. Kana skrini ikaiswa panzvimbo inotarisirwa mufananidzo chaiwo, hapana chiedza chinoonekwa pachidzitiro. Mufananidzo chaiwo/uri pachena/wenhema haupo, asi ziso remunhu rinouona. chiedza chemwenje kufamba munzira yakatwasuka zvekuti zvinoita sekunge chiedza chiri kufamba chakananga kubva panzvimbo ine mumvuri.
