Mwenje wemagetsi uye kuyerwa kwawo

Pendauluan

Mhepo yemagetsi, kufamba kwemagetsi kuburikidza neconductor, ndiyo hwaro hwetekinoroji yemagetsi neyemagetsi yatinoshandisa muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Kubva kumidziyo midiki senge nharembozha nemalaptop kusvika kumasystem makuru senge magrid emagetsi, kunzwisisa mhepo yemagetsi uye mayererwo ayo kwakakosha. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura kuti mhepo yemagetsi chii, mhando dzayo, uye mayererwo ayo.

Pfungwa Yekutanga yeMagetsi Emagetsi

Mhepo yemagetsi inogadzirwa nekufamba kwemaerekitironi kuburikidza neconductor. Muconductor yesimbi, maerekitironi akasununguka kufamba kubva paatomu imwe kuenda kune imwe. Kana musiyano wepotenti (voltage) ukashandiswa kumativi maviri econductor, maerekitironi anoyerera kubva munzvimbo ine potenti yakaderera kuenda kunzvimbo ine potenti yakakwirira. Mhepo yemagetsi inoyerwa mumaampere (A), zita raAndré-Marie Ampère. Ampere imwe inotsanangurwa sekuyerera kwe coulomb imwe yemagetsi pasekondi. Mhepo yemagetsi inogona kupatsanurwa mumhando mbiri huru: direct current (DC) uye alternating current (AC).

Mhando dzeMagetsi Emagetsi

Kutungamira Kwemagetsi (DC)

Direct current inofamba kwemagetsi achifamba nenzira imwe chete, isingachinji. Manyuko emagetsi anotungamira anosanganisira mabhatiri, maseru ezuva, uye mamwe marudzi emajenareta eDC. DC inoshandiswa mumabasa mazhinji ezuva nezuva, kunyanya mumidziyo yemagetsi yakaita semafoni, malaptop, nezvimwe zvishandiso zvinoda magetsi akagadzikana uye asingachinji. Masisitimu emagetsi eDC anoshandiswawo mumabasa akasiyana-siyana akadai semagetsi ekuchaja mota uye masisitimu ekuchengetedza simba (UPS).

Kuchinjana Kwemagetsi (AC)

Kuchinjana kwemagetsi (alternating current) inzira inochinja divi nguva nenguva. Kuchinjana kwemagetsi (alternating current) kunoenderana nehuwandu hwema cycles pasekondi, anoyerwa mu hertz (Hz). Munyika dzakawanda, frequency yeAC yakajairika i50 Hz kana 60 Hz. Chitubu chikuru chekuchinjana kwemagetsi ijenareta dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa muma power plants. Chinhu chikuru cheAC kugona kwayo kufambiswa kure nekushanda kwakanyanya. AC inoshandiswa muma system emagetsi emumba nemaindasitiri, pamwe nemuzvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi zvinoda simba rakawanda.

Kuyerwa Kwemagetsi Kwemazuva Ano

Kuyera magetsi kunoda mudziyo unonzi ammeter. Maammeter akagadzirwa kuti abatanidzwe muzvikamu zvakatevedzana nechinhu chine magetsi ari kuyerwa, zvichibvumira magetsi ese kuti ayerere nepakati peammeter. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemaammeter, kusanganisira analog nedigital ammeters, pamwe nezvimwe zvishandiso zvekuyera zvakaita se multimeters zvinogona kuyera voltage, current, uye resistance.

Kuyera DC Current

Kuti tipime DC current, tinogona kushandisa analog kana digital ammeter. Analog ammeters dzinoshandisa pointer inofamba pachikero, nepo digital ammeters dzichiratidza current value nenhamba. Kushandisa digital ammeter kunoita kuti kuyera kuve nyore uye kwakarurama nekuti ine digital display inoratidza zvakananga current value yakayerwa.

Kuyera AC Yazvino

Kuyera AC current kwakaoma nekuti current inochinja divi nguva nenguva. AC ammeters dzinowanzo shandisa transformer yemagetsi kana Hall Effect sensor kushandura AC current kuita chiratidzo chinoyerwa. Ma digital multimeter emazuva ano anowanzo kwanisa kuyera AC neDC current. Uyezve, kuyerwa kweAC current kunofanirwa kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakaita se waveform uye frequency kuti uwane mhinduro dzakarurama.

Nheyo yekushanda kweAmmeter

Ammeter dzinoshanda zvichibva pamutemo weOhm nemutemo we electromagnetic induction. Mune analog ammeter, magetsi anoyerera nepa coil yakaiswa mukati me magnetic field. Kubatana pakati pe current ne magnetic field kunoburitsa simba rinofambisa tsono pachiyero. Panguva imwe chete, digital ammeter inoshandisa electronic sensor inoona kuyerera kwemagetsi uye inoishandura kuita digital signal, iyo inobva yaratidzwa pachiratidziro.

Kushandiswa kweAmmeters muCircuits

Kuti muyere magetsi ne ammeter, mudziyo unofanirwa kubatanidzwa nechinhu chiri kuyerwa magetsi. Izvi zvinoita kuti magetsi ese ari kuyerera nechinhu ichi apfuurewo ne ammeter. Heano matanho ekutanga ekushandisa ammeter:

1. Dzima simba remuchina usati waisa ammeter: Izvi zvakakosha kudzivirira mapfupi kana kukuvara kwemidziyo nemadunhu.
2. Batanidza ammeter munhevedzano: Iva nechokwadi chekuti ammeter yakabatana zvakatevedzana nechikamu icho magetsi acho anofanira kuyerwa.
3. Dzorera simba redunhu: Kana ammeter yaiswa zvakanaka, dzorera simba kuti utange kuyera.
4. Verenga zvabuda pakuyera: Mhedzisiro yekuyera icharatidzwa pachiratidziro chedhijitari kana kuburikidza ne pointer iri pa analog ammeter.

Zvikanganiso uye Kusava Nechokwadi Mukuyera Kwazvino

Kuyerwa kwese kune mukana wekukanganisa kunogona kukanganisa kururama kwemhedzisiro. Kukanganisa mukuyerwa kuripo kunogona kuitika nekuda kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira:

1. Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakushandisa michina: Kukanganisa pakugadzirisa, kusasimba kwesimba, uye kusakwanisa kwemuchina kuyera mafungu akaderera kana akakwira zvakanyanya zvinogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro.
2. Zvinhu zvakatipoteredza: Tembiricha, kupindira kwemagetsi, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kuyerwa kwechinhu.
3. Kesalahan manusia: Kunzwisisa zvisizvo chiyero, kubatana kusina kunaka, uye kutsanangura zvisizvo mhedzisiro ndizvo zvinowanzokonzera kukanganisa kwevanhu.

Kuti zvikanganiso zvisanyanya kukosha, zvakakosha kushandisa zviyereso zvakagadziriswa zvakanaka, kutevedzera nzira dzekuyera dzakakodzera, uye kuita zviyero munzvimbo yakakodzera.

Tekinoroji Yemazuva Ano Mukuyera Kwazvino

Tekinoroji yemazuva ano yakaunza maturusi matsva akasiyana-siyana uye nzira dzekuyera mashandiro emagetsi zvakarurama uye zvinobudirira. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvitsva zvinosanganisira:

1. clamp-meter: Chishandiso ichi chinobvumira kuyerwa kwemagetsi pasina kutyora dunhu. Mamita eClamp anoshanda nekuona simba remagineti rinogadzirwa nemagetsi ari kuyerera nepakati pemuchina wemagetsi.
2. Sensor yeMhedzisiro yeHoro: Sensor iyi inoshandisa Hall effect kuona magetsi asina kubatana zvakananga. Sensor iyi inobatsira zvikuru pakuyera magetsi mumasisitimu akaoma kusvika kana ane njodzi.
3. Ammeter isina waya: Tekinoroji isina waya inobvumira kuyerwa kwesimba remagetsi riri kure, zvichiwedzera kuchengetedzeka uye nyore.

Mhedziso

Mhepo yemagetsi chinhu chakakosha mufizikisi neinjiniya yemagetsi. Kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita magetsi uye kuayera nemazvo kwakakosha pakugadzira nekuchengetedza masisitimu emagetsi nemagetsi anoshanda zvakanaka uye akachengeteka. Kuyera magetsi, kungave DC kana AC, kunoda kunzwisisa kwakakwana misimboti yemagetsi yekutanga uye kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvekuyera zvakaita seammeters. Nekunzwisisa uku, tinogona kuve nechokwadi chekushanda zvakanaka uye kwakachengeteka kwemasisitimu edu emagetsi uye kudzivirira njodzi dzinosanganisirwa nekuyera kusina kururama.