Mashandisirwo eElectrochemistry muMetal Plating
Pendauluan
Mukusimudzira tekinoroji nemaindasitiri, kuputira simbi kwave kufambira mberi kwakakosha uye kwakakosha. Iyi nzira yekuputira simbi ine mashandisirwo akawanda anokanganisa zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaindasitiri, kubva kumotokari nemagetsi kusvika pakuvaka uye kunyange zvishongo. Imwe nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuputika kwesimbi ndeye electrochemical engineering. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura mativi akasiyana-siyana ekushandiswa kwe electrochemical mukuputika kwesimbi, kubva pamisimboti yekutanga kusvika pakushandiswa kwemaindasitiri.
Nheyo dzekutanga dzeElectrochemistry
Electrochemistry ibazi rekemesitiri rinoongorora hukama huripo pakati pezviitiko zvemagetsi nemaitiro emakemikari. Mumaitiro emagetsi, magetsi anoshandiswa kutungamira maitiro emakemikari asingangoerekana aitika. Maitiro ekugadzira simbi yemagetsi, anowanzonzi electroplating, ndiwo mashandisirwo makuru eiyi nheyo huru ye electrochemistry. Chaizvoizvo, electroplating inosanganisira kuisa simbi yakatetepa pamusoro pechinhu nekuderedza maion esimbi mumushonga we electrolyte nemagetsi.
Nheyo huru ye electroplating inosanganisira ma electrode maviri (anode ne cathode) akanyikwa mu electrolyte solution, uko simbi inofanira kuiswa iri muchimiro che ionic. Kana magetsi ashandiswa, ma ions esimbi anoenda ku cathode (electrode isina kunaka), uko anodzikira uye anonamatira pamusoro pechinhu chebasa, icho chinoshanda se cathode.
Zvinhu Zvinoshandiswa Mukugadzira Magirazi
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa mu electroplating kwakakosha uye kunosiyana zvichienderana nekushandiswa uye zvinodiwa neindasitiri. Dzimwe simbi dzinowanzoshandiswa mu electroplating dzinosanganisira:
1. Nickel - Inoshandiswa kuwedzera kusimba kwengura nekusakara. Nickel plating inoita kuti pamusoro payo pave nechiedza chakanaka uye runako rwayo.
2. Mhangura - Inowanzo shandiswa sechipfeko chepamberi usati waisa dzimwe simbi. Mhangura inopa simba rakanaka remagetsi uye inonamira kune mamwe masimbi anotevera.
3. Chromium - Inoshandiswa pakushongedza kana kuwedzera ngura. Kuputira kwechromium kunoita kuti chitarisiko chive chinopenya uye chakasimba.
4. Goridhe - Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemagetsi kuvandudza kufambiswa kwemagetsi uye kuramba kuokisijeni.
5. Zinc - Inoshandiswa kudzivirira ngura uye kudzivirira simbi kubva mukuora kuburikidza ne galvanizing.
Nzira yeElectroplate
Maitiro ekugadzira ma electroplate anogona kuitwa uchishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, zvichienderana nehukuru hwekugadzirwa uye zvinodiwa zvekushandisa. Heano mamwe maitiro akajairika ekugadzira ma electroplate:
1. Kuisa Electroplating muBarrel – Kunoshandiswa pakuisa zvidimbu zvidiki zvakawanda. Chishandiso chinoiswa mudhiramu rinotenderera rakabatana nemaelectrode kuitira kuti kupaka kuitike zvakaenzana.
2. Kuisa Electroplating paRack - Inoshandiswa pazvikamu zvikuru kana zvakaoma. Chishandiso chinoiswa parack yakabatana nemaelectrodes ekuita plating.
3. Kuputira Mabhurashi - Nzira yekuputira bhurashi inoshandisa bhurashi kuisa mhinduro ye electrolyte zvakananga panzvimbo yakatarwa. Nzira iyi inobatsira pakugadzirisa kana kushandisa mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana anoda kuputira munzvimbo ine miganhu.
Zvikumbiro muIndasitiri
ZveMotokari
Indasitiri yemotokari ndeimwe yevanoshandisa tekinoroji yemagetsi mukugadzira simbi. Zvikamu zvemotokari zvakaita semabhampa, marimu, uye mabheyi einjini zvinowanzoiswa electroplated kuti zviwedzere kuramba ngura, kusimudzira runako, uye kupa hupenyu hurefu. Kugadzira chromium panze pemotokari, semuenzaniso, kunogona kupa kupenya kwenguva refu uye kudzivirira zvikamu kubva kunzvimbo dzakaoma dzekunze.
Electronics
Muindasitiri yezvemagetsi, electroplating inoshandiswa kuona kuti zvikamu zvemagetsi zvine conductivity yakakwira uye hazvibatike ne oxidation. Goridhe rakaputirwa pamagetsi uye pamabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa (PCBs) rakajairika kuti rive nechokwadi chekuti rinoita basa rakanaka uye rinogara kwenguva refu. Goridhe rinoshandiswa nekuda kwekudzivirira kwayo ngura uye conductivity yakakwira, izvo zvakakosha pamidziyo yemagetsi inoshanda zvakanyanya.
Konstruksi
Indasitiri yekuvaka inoshandisawo zvakanyanya tekinoroji ye electroplating. Kupfeka simbi pazvishandiso zvekuvaka, michina, uye zvinhu zvakaita semabhaudhi nenzungu kunoita kuti michina nezvinhu izvi zvigare kwenguva refu uye zvakasimba kubva kuzvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, zinc kana galvanizing structural steel inoshanda zvikuru mukudzivirira ngura, izvo zvinogona kuderedza simba rechinhu chacho.
Jewellery
Indasitiri yezvishongo ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzinoshandisa electroplating kugadzira chitarisiko chemhando yepamusoro uye chinoyevedza pazvigadzirwa zvayo. Kuisa simbi dzinokosha dzakadai segoridhe nesirivha pazvishongo zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvisingadhuri kunogona kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakanaka uye zvinodhura zvakapedzwa. Maitiro ekuisa zvishongo anobvumirawo mavara akasiyana-siyana uye magadzirirwo pamusoro pezvishongo, zvichigadzira magadzirirwo anokwezva vatengi.
Matambudziko uye Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva
Kunyangwe kushandisa electroplating iri nzira inoshanda zvikuru uye inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana, inosangana nematambudziko makuru akati wandei. Chimwe cheizvi inyaya dzezvakatipoteredza. Maitiro ekushandisa electroplating anoshandisa makemikari ane njodzi anogona kusvibisa nharaunda kana akasatarisirwa zvakanaka. Kutarisira marara uye kudzokorodza makemikari kwakakosha kuti indasitiri iyi irambe yakasimba.
Kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji ye electroplating kuri kuramba kuchichinja kuti kugadzirise matambudziko aya. Kushandiswa kwemakemikari asingakuvadzi nharaunda uye matekinoroji ekurapa mvura yakasviba anoshanda zviri pakati pezvinhu zvikuru zvinotsvagurudzwa pari zvino. Uyezve, matekiniki epamusoro e electroplating akadai se nanoelectroplating ari kugadzirwawo kuti ape machira akanyatsojeka uye anoshanda.
Mhedziso
Machira emagetsi anopa mhinduro inoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana kuti awedzere kugara kwenguva refu kwechigadzirwa, runako, uye mashandiro azvo. Nzira idzi dzinoshandisa misimboti yemakemikari emagetsi kugadzira simbi dzakatetepa dzine hunhu hwaunoda. Pasinei nematambudziko ezvakatipoteredza, hunyanzvi muhunyanzvi uye maitiro asina njodzi kunharaunda zvicharamba zvichitungamira kufambira mberi muchikamu ichi. Nokudaro, machira emagetsi emagetsi acharamba achiita basa rakakosha mukuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri netekinoroji mune ramangwana.
