Nzira dzeDigital Ethnography muAnthropological Research
Kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yedhijitari kuri kuchinja nzira iyo vanhu vanodyidzana, vanovaka hunhu hwavo, uye vanoumba nharaunda. Nzvimbo dzemagariro evanhu dzaimbowanikwa dzichitarisana—dzakadai semisika, dzimba dzemumisha, nzvimbo dzekunamatira, kana makampasi—ikozvino dzava nedhijitari yakafanana: mapoka eWhatsApp, maforamu epamhepo, midhiya yemagariro evanhu, mitambo yepamhepo, uye kunyange mapuratifomu ekugovana mavhidhiyo. Shanduko idzi dzinoda kuti anthropology iwedzere nzvimbo yayo yekudzidza. Imwe nzira yakakurumbira ndeye digital ethnography, nzira inoisa tsika dzemagariro evanhu munzvimbo dzedhijitari sezvinhu zvekudzidza uye nzvimbo dzekuferefeta.
Kuverenga magariro evanhu paindaneti hakusi kungo "tarisa nhau dzemagariro evanhu." Kunochinja tsika dzekare dzetsika dzevanhu—dzinosimbisa kubatanidzwa kwevaongorori, kutarisa kwevatori vechikamu, uye kududzira kubva pamaonero emutambi—kuenda kumamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu hunotungamirirwa netekinoroji. Chinodzidzwa hachisi zvinyorwa kana zvinyorwa chete, asiwo hukama, tsika, manzwiro, kusawirirana, mashandiro ekuzvimiririra, uye zvivakwa zvepuratifomu zvinoumba ruzivo rwemagariro evanhu.
Kunzwisisa Ethnography yeDigital: Pfungwa uye Kukura
Kazhinji, digital ethnography inzira yekutsvagisa ine hunyanzvi inodzidza tsika, maitiro, uye zvinoreva magariro evanhu zvinoitika kuburikidza netekinoroji yedhijitari. "Digital" pano inosanganisira marudzi akasiyana-siyana: social media, mapuratifomu ekukurukurirana, nharaunda dzeforamu, maapplication ekufambidzana, hupfumi hwevagadziri, mafandom, uye kunyange nzvimbo dzekushandira dziri kure. Kune anthropology, digital ethnography yakakosha nekuti inobatsira kupindura mibvunzo nezvekuti vanhu vanovaka sei "kubatana" vasina kuvapo kwemuviri, kuti simba revanhu rinochinja sei munharaunda dzepamhepo, uye kuti hunhu hunotauriranwa sei kuburikidza nemaprofiles, mapikicha, makomendi, uye data traces.
Uyezve, miganhu iri pakati penyika dze "online" ne "offline" iri kuramba ichidzikira. Maitiro mazhinji edhijitari akabatana zvakananga nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva: kutenga zvinodiwa, kuronga mabasa emagariro evanhu, dzidzo, uye kunyange tsika dzechitendero. Nokudaro, ethnography yedhijitari inowanzopfuura skrini, asi inoongorora hukama hwayo nemamiriro enharaunda akafara. Vaongorori vanogona kusanganisa ongororo dzedhijitari nekubvunzurudzwa, kushanya mumunda, kana zvidzidzo zvemagwaro kuti vagadzire mufananidzo wakakwana.
Hunhu Hukuru hweNzira dzeDigital Ethnography
Kune zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosiyanisa ethnography yedhijitari kubva kune ethnography yetsika kana kungoongorora midhiya chete.
Kutanga, tsvakiridzo yakavakirwa papuratifomu. Puratifomu yega yega ine mitemo yakasiyana, maalgorithms, maficha, uye tsika dzekudyidzana. Vanhu vanoita zvakasiyana pa Instagram pane zvavanoita paTikTok, X, Reddit, kana Discord. Saka, vaongorori vanofanirwa kunzwisisa "magadzirirwo epuratifomu": zvinoonekwa, zvakavanzika, kuti zviri mukati zvinokurudzirwa sei, uye kuti vashandisi vanogadzirisa sei mitemo iyoyo.
Chechipiri, data chiratidzo chedhijitari. Kutaurirana munzvimbo dzedhijitari kunowanzosiya zvinyorwa: machat, makomendi, zvinyorwa, maitiro, uye zviyero. Izvi zvinopa mukana wekuongorora tsika dzevanhu zvakadzama, asi zvakare zvinopa matambudziko makuru etsika nekuti zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kunge zvine ruzivo rwakakosha.
Chechitatu, kuvapo kwemuongorori kunogona kusiyana. Mukuongorora tsika dzevanhu, muongorori aripo semunhu "asiri wekunze" anogara munharaunda yakati. Mukuongorora tsika dzevanhu nenzira dzedhijitari, muongorori anogona kuvapo semucherechedzi asingashande, nhengo yenharaunda, kana munhu anoshanda—zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwetsvagurudzo, mvumo yemutori wechikamu, uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika.
Chechina, mashandiro enharaunda anochinja nekukurumidza. Nharaunda dzedhijitari dzinogona kukura, kupatsanuka, kana kutamira kune dzimwe nzvimbo munguva pfupi. Nokudaro, vaongorori vanofanira kuva vanochinjika uye vanochinjika, uku vachichengetedza magwaro akazara.
Matanho Ekushandisa Digital Ethnography
Kunyangwe pasina muenzaniso mumwe chete wakajairika, digital ethnography inowanzo sanganisira matanho anotevera:
1. Gadzira mibvunzo uye sarudza nzvimbo dzedhijitari
Vaongorori vanotanga nemibvunzo yakajeka yezvevanhu, semuenzaniso: nharaunda dzevateveri veK-pop dzinoumba sei kubatana uye hutongi? Vatengesi vadiki vanoshandisa sei kutengeserana mhenyu kuvaka kuvimbana? Kuzivikanwa kwechitendero kunokurukurwa sei mukati memapoka enharaunda?
"Nzvimbo" mu digital ethnography inogona kuva boka rekutaura rimwe chete, hashtag imwe chete, forum imwe chete, nzira imwe chete yenharaunda, kana pamapuratifomu akasiyana-siyana. Kusarudzwa kwenzvimbo kunofanirwa kufunga nezvekukosha, mukana wekuwana, uye kuchengetedzeka.
2. Kugadzira mifananidzo yevatambi, tsika, uye mafambiro ekudyidzana
Vaongorori vanotanga nekutsvaga nzira yekutanga: kuti vatambi ndivanaani, kuti basa ravo rakarongwa sei (vatungamiriri, vatungamiriri, nhengo dziripo, nhengo itsva), kuti mitemo inoshanda riini, uye kuti chiitiko chinosvika riini. Kugadzira mifananidzo uku kunobatsira vaongorori kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu vasati vasvika pamhedziso pamusoro pezvinoreva chiitiko chimwe chete kana positi.
3. Kucherechedza kwevatori vechikamu uye manotsi emunda
Kucherechedza kwevatori vechikamu muchiitiko chedhijitari kunogona kusanganisira kutora chikamu muhurukuro, kutevera nhepfenyuro dzepamoyo, kupinda zviitiko zvepamhepo, kana kungotarisa kuyerera kwehurukuro. Vaongorori vanowanzo nyora zvinyorwa zvemumunda zvinonyora nguva dzakakosha, kusawirirana, majee emukati, shanduko dzemutauro, zviratidzo, uye kufungisisa kwemuongorori pachake.
4. Kubvunzurudza uye nzira yekutaurirana nevanhu vakawanda
Kuti vanzwisise zvakadzama, vaongorori vanogona kuita hurukuro dzepamhepo (kuburikidza nehurukuro kana vhidhiyo mafoni) nevanhu vemunharaunda. Maitiro aya anobatsira kupindura mibvunzo nezvezvikonzero, manzwiro, uye dudziro dzisingawanzoonekwa kubva muzviratidzo zvedhijitari. Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinosanganisawo ethnography yedhijitari nekutarisa kwekunze, sezvo maitiro ari pachikirini anowanzo batanidzwa nehupfumi, mhuri, uye mamiriro ebasa.
5. Kuongorora, kududzira, uye kusimbisa
Kuongorora kunodudzira: vaongorori vanodudzira maitiro evanhu nezvinorehwa nedata rakaunganidzwa. Kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti vaongorori vakarurama, vanogona kuyera (kuenzanisa manyuko edata), kuongorora nhengo (kusimbisa zvakawanikwa nevatori vechikamu), kana kuenzanisa mashandiro emapuratifomu akasiyana-siyana.
Tsika dzeKutsvagurudza muDhijitari Ethnography
Nyaya dzetsika ndidzo dzinokosha pakuongorora magariro evanhu. Kunyange zvazvo data rakawanda riri "reveruzhinji," izvi hazvirevi kuti rinogona kushandiswa pasina kufunga. Vaongorori vanofanira kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakati wandei: vatori vechikamu vanonzwisisa here kuti nzvimbo iyi iri pasi pekutariswa? Pane njodzi yekushungurudzwa, kushungurudzwa, kana migumisiro yemagariro evanhu kana zvikamu zvikaziviswa pachena? Boka riri kutaurwa nezvaro riri panjodzi here (semuenzaniso, vanhu vashoma, nharaunda dzakavharwa, vanhu vanobatwa nechisimba, kana vashandi vasina kurongeka)?
Nheyo dzakakosha dzinosanganisira kubvumirana neruzivo, kuchengetedzwa kweruzivo (kusazivikanwa), kuchengetwa kwedata kwakachengeteka, uye pachena nezvebasa remuongorori. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, vaongorori vangangoda kugadzirisa mashoko, kuviga ruzivo, kana kutsvaga mvumo chaiyo vasati varatidza mapikicha. Tsika dzinosanganisirawo kufungisisa nezvenzvimbo yemuongorori: kana kuvapo kwake kuchichinja mamiriro enharaunda, uye kuti vanotarisira sei hukama hwemasimba.
Zvakanakira uye Zvisina Kukwana zveDigital Ethnography
Kuverenga magariro evanhu nenzira yedhijitari kune zvakanakira zvikuru: mukana wekuona nharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana, zviratidzo zvakawanda zvekutaurirana, uye kugona kuona tsika dzevanhu dzisingawanzoonekwa mukubvunzurudzwa kwepamutemo. Nzira iyi inoshandawo pakudzidza zviitiko zvemazuva ano zvakaita setsika dzevanokurudzira, hashtag politics, hupfumi hwemagig, uye tsika dzepaindaneti.
Zvisinei, pane zvipingamupinyi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa. Chekutanga, vaongorori vanogona kurasikirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu asiri ekutaura, mamiriro ezvinhu emuviri, uye hukama kunze kwepuratifomu. Chechipiri, maalgorithms epuratifomu anogona kukanganisa zvinoonekwa nevaongorori, saka "chokwadi" chinoonekwa hachina kwachinorerekera zvachose. Chechitatu, nharaunda dzedhijitari dzinowanzova nezvikamu zvepachivande - semuenzaniso, hurukuro muDM - zvakaoma kuwana pasina mvumo. Chechina, huwandu hwedata hunogona kuva hwakawanda, zvichida kuti vaongorori vasarudze uye varonge kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti ongororo inoramba yakadzama, pane kungotsanangura chete.
Penutup
Kuongororwa kwetsika dzedhijitari kunowedzera ruzivo rwevanhu kuti vanzwisise hupenyu hwevanhu huri kuramba huchibatanidzwa netekinoroji. Nekubatanidza kucherechedzwa kwevatori vechikamu, kubvunzurudzwa, kufungisisa kwakakosha, uye kutarisisa zvakadzama tsika, kuongororwa kwetsika dzedhijitari kunogonesa vaongorori kutora mafambiro etsika dzemazuva ano: kuti zvinoreva zvinovakwa sei kuburikidza nezvinyorwa, kuti nharaunda dzinoumbwa sei kuburikidza nemaalgorithms, uye kuti hunhu hunotauriranwa sei munzvimbo dziri pachena uye dzepamunhu panguva imwe chete. Pakati pekuchinja kwekukurumidza kwemagariro, kuongororwa kwetsika dzedhijitari hakusi kungova sarudzo yemaitiro chete, asi chinhu chinodiwa kuti vanhu vanzwisise zvizere munguva yedhijitari.
