Mipiro yevakadzi muBazi reAnthropology
Pendauluan
Anthropology idzidzo yesainzi yevanhu, tsika dzavo, uye nzanga. Chidzidzo ichi chinoda kunzwisisa kwakadzama maitiro evanhu, mutauro, tsika, uye mararamiro. Munhoroondo yayo yakareba, anthropology yagara ichionekwa senzvimbo inotongwa nevarume. Zvisinei, maonero aya haasi echokwadi zvachose. Vakadzi vakapa mipiro yakakura mukusimudzira anthropology, kunyange hazvo mipiro yavo ichiwanzoregeredzwa kana kusacherechedzwa.
Basa Rekutanga reVakadzi muAnthropology
Muzana remakore rechi19 nekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, vakadzi vakatanga kupinda munyika yedzidzo, kusanganisira anthropology. Mumwe wevakadzi ava vatanga basa rake aive Alice Cunningham Fletcher, nyanzvi yezvevanhu yekuAmerica inozivikanwa nebasa rake nenharaunda dzeNative American. Pasinei nekusangana nematambudziko akawanda evanhurume nevanhukadzi, Fletcher akakwanisa kuburitsa tsvakurudzo yakadzama uye ine simba pamusoro petsika dzeNative American, kunyanya maOmaha neWinnebago.
Panguva imwe cheteyo, muEurope, Hélène Metzger, nyanzvi yesainzi yekuFrance, akaunza maonero matsva mukudzidza nezvetsika dzevanhu nenhoroondo yevanhu. Vakadzi ava vakagadzirira nzira yezvizvarwa zvinotevera, vachiratidza kuti maonero avo nemaitiro avo zvaikosha seevarume.
Vakadzi Vakakurumbira muAnthropology
Nekufamba kwenguva, vakadzi vakawanda vakatanga kubatanidzwa mune zvetsika dzevanhu uye vakasiya chiratidzo chavo. Vamwe vanhu vanoyeukwa nhasi vanosanganisira Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, naZora Neale Hurston.
Margaret Mead
Margaret Mead aive mumwe wevanyanzvi vezvemagariro evanhu vakakurumbira uye vanoremekedzwa vezana remakore rechi20. Tsvagiridzo yake muSamoa nePapua New Guinea yakapa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvetsika nemagariro evanhu ikoko. Bhuku rake rakakosha, "Coming of Age in Samoa," rinopa maonero akasiyana-siyana pamusoro pekuti kushamwaridzana nevanhurume nemagariro evanhukadzi zvinopesvedzera sei budiriro yemunhu. Basa raMead harina kungokosha chete muzvidzidzo asiwo rakabatsira zvikuru pakunzwisisa kweveruzhinji tsika nemabasa evanhukadzi nevanhurume.
Ruth Benedict
Ruth Benedict, shamwari uye mushandi pamwe chete naMead, akapawo mipiro yakakosha mukudzidza nezvevanhu. Basa rake rekare, Patterns of Culture, rakaongorora pfungwa yetsika senzira yetsika inoumba maitiro evanhu uye kutonga kwetsika. Akaunza pfungwa yetsika dzinoenderana netsika, iyo inoti tsika netsika dzeimwe tsika hazvigone kutongwa nemiyero yeimwe tsika asi zvinofanirwa kunzwisiswa mukati memamiriro etsika iyoyo.
Zora Neale Hurston
Zora Neale Hurston, munyori weAfrica-America uye nyanzvi yezvevanhu, akapa mipiro yakakosha mukunzwisisa tsika dzeAfrica-America uye vanhu vemuAfrica vari kunze kwenyika. Mumabasa ake anozivikanwa zvikuru e *Mules and Men* uye *Their Eyes Were Watching God*, Hurston akasanganisa kunyora kwetsika nemabhuku, achipa ruzivo rwakadzama muhupenyu netsika dzevaAfrica-America kuSouth America. Basa rake rinoratidza simba, hunhu, netsika nemaonero akasiyana uye ane njere.
Kupesvedzera kweVakadzi muParadigm uye Maitiro eAnthropology
Kwete chete muchikamu chekutsvaga, asi vakadzi vanoitawo basa guru mukugadzira nzira nemaonero muzvidzidzo zvevanhu. Kazhinji vanounza maonero akazara uye anosanganisira vanhu vose, vachitarisa zvinhu zvingave zvakamboregeredzwa kare.
Anthropology yevakadzi
Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinoitwa nevakadzi mukudzidza nezvevanhu ndekuvandudzwa kwe "feminist anthropology." Kudzidza nezvevanhu veFeminist kunotsvaga kunzwisisa kuti vanhurume nevanhukadzi vanochinja sei hupenyu hwevanhu netsika dzavo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuongorora zvakadzama kuti tsvakiridzo yapfuura ingave yakarerekera sei kumaonero evanhurume uye yakaregeredza zviitiko zvevakadzi. Nyanzvi dzezvevanhu veFeminist dzakadai saSherry Ortner naMarilyn Strathern vakatsoropodza uye vakaparadza fungidziro dzemadzitateguru mukutsvagisa kwevanhu uye vakaunza nzira itsva, dzinobatanidza uye dzakaenzana.
Nzira dzeEthnographic
Vakadzi muzvidzidzo zvevanhu vakawedzerawo uye vakadzamisa nzira dzekuongorora vanhu. Marilyn Strathern, semuenzaniso, anoshandisa nzira yekufungidzira mubasa rake, achifunga kuti chinzvimbo chake nekuzivikanwa kwake semuongorori zvinopesvedzera sei kududzira nekunyora kwezvidzidzo zvevanhu. Izvi zvinobatsira kusundidzira zvidzidzo zvevanhu kuti zvive nemaonero anozvinzwisisa uye anozvitsoropodza.
Matambudziko uye Kubudirira
Pasinei nezvakawanda zvavakaita, vakadzi muzvidzidzo zvevanhu vachiri kusangana nematambudziko akawanda. Kusarurwa kwevanhurume nevanhukadzi uye kusakwanisa kuwana zviwanikwa zvedzidzo zvinowanzovakanganisa mabasa avo. Zvisinei, ushingi hwavo nekutsungirira kwavo zvinoramba zvichibereka zvibereko, zvichiratidza kuti mipiro yevakadzi muzvidzidzo zvevanhu haigone kufuratirwa.
Muzana remakore rechi21, vakadzi vakawanda vakawana zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro muzvikoro zvedzidzo uye vakarumbidzwa zvikuru nebasa ravo. Vatsvaguri vakaita saLila Abu-Lughod, anozivikanwa nebasa rake pamusoro pevakadzi munyika yeIslam, naNancy Scheper-Hughes, anoshanda mune zvehutano-anthropology, vakawana kuzivikanwa kwenyika dzese uye vakapesvedzera magariro nekunzwisisa tsika nemagariro evanhu.
Mhedziso
Munhoroondo refu yeanthropology semudzidzi, mipiro yevakadzi yakava nemhedzisiro yakakura uye yakadzama. Kubva pakutanga kusvika kuzvizvarwa zvemazuva ano, vakadzi vakachinja manzwisisiro atinoita vanhu netsika dzavo. Vakapikisa fungidziro dziripo, vakaunza maonero matsva, uye vakasimbisa nzira dzekutsvagisa.
Zvakakosha kuti tirambe tichiziva nekukudza mipiro yevakadzi mukudzidza nezvevanhu. Kuzivikanwa uku hakungorangariri zvakapfuura chete asiwo kunosimudzira nzvimbo yedzidzo yakabatana uye yakaenzana kune zvizvarwa zvemangwana zvevaongorori vechikadzi. Nenzira iyi, sainzi yekudzidza nezvevanhu inogona kuramba ichikura uye ichichinja kuti inzwisise kuomarara uye kusiyana-siyana kwehupenyu hwevanhu.
