Hukama huripo pakati pechitendero netsika maererano neAnthropology
Kukurukurirana nezvehukama huripo pakati pechitendero netsika kwagara kuri nyaya inonakidza muzvidzidzo zvevanhu. Anthropology, sechidzidzo chinoongorora vanhu nemagariro avo kuburikidza nemaonero etsika nehupenyu, chinoita basa rakakosha mukunzwisisa kuti zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinobatana uye zvinopesvedzerana sei. Chitendero netsika zvinowanzoonekwa sezvinhu zvakasiyana, asi muchokwadi, zvine hukama hwepedyo uye hwakaoma.
Chitendero mumaonero evanhu
Chitendero, kubva pamaonero evanhu, inzira yakadzama yezviratidzo inobatanidza zvitendero, tsika, uye tsika dzevanhu munharaunda. Claude Lévi-Strauss, nyanzvi yezvevanhu yekuFrance, akataura kuti chitendero chinobva pakuumbwa kwepfungwa dzevanhu pamwe nezvitendero zvikuru.
Kune rumwe rutivi, Emile Durkheim, baba vezvemagariro evanhu uye munhu akakosha mukudzidza nezvevanhu, aiona chitendero senzira yekubatsira vanhu kuti vabatane uye vabatane. Sekureva kwake, chitendero hachisi chekutenda kune munhu akakwirira chete, asi chinoratidzawo kuda kwevanhu kuchengetedza kurongeka kwemagariro evanhu netsika dzakanaka munharaunda.
Tsika seChinhu Chinoumba Chitendero
Tsika ndiyo nzira huru inoshandiswa nechitendero. Edward B. Tylor, muvambi wezvetsika dzevanhu , akatsanangura tsika se "chinhu chakaoma chinosanganisira ruzivo, chitendero, hunyanzvi, tsika, mutemo, tsika, uye chero humwe hunhu netsika zvinowanikwa nemunhu senhengo yenharaunda."
Chitendero hachigoni kuparadzaniswa netsika nekuti chitendero chinhu chinobva mutsika. Semuenzaniso, tsika dzechitendero, tsika, netsika zvinokanganiswa zvakanyanya netsika dzenzanga yakati. Mhemberero dzechitendero, dzakadai semichato, mariro, nemitambo, dzinosanganisira zvinhu zvetsika dzemunzvimbo, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakasiyana uye zvakasiyana nedzimwe nzanga.
Kudyidzana Pakati Pechitendero Netsika
Hukama huripo pakati pechitendero netsika hunogona kunzwisiswa kuburikidza nemaonero akakosha muanthropology:
1. Kuchinja Tsika dzeChitendero: Tsika dzakawanda dzinochinja tsika dzechitendero kuti dzienderane nenzvimbo, nhoroondo, uye mamiriro emagariro evanhu. Semuenzaniso, tsika dzechiHindu muBali dzakasiyana netsika dzechiHindu muIndia, kunyangwe dzese dzichitenda zvakafanana. Kuchinja uku kunoratidza kuti tsika dzinochinja sei maitiro echitendero munharaunda.
2. Kupa Simba uye Kudzora Vanhu: Chitendero chinowanzoshandiswa senzira yekuchengetedza kutonga kwevanhu uye kusimbisa masimba ezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi. Talcott Parsons naRobert Bellah, mudzidziso yavo yehurongwa hwevanhu, vanosimbisa kuti chitendero chinogona kukanganisa tsika nekugadzira hunhu hwakasimba hweboka uye hunodzora hunoita kuti vanhu vagadzikane munharaunda.
3. Kuchinja Kwetsika Nekuchinja Kwechitendero: Kuchinja kwemagariro evanhu nekuchinja kwetsika zvinopesvedzerawo chitendero. Semuenzaniso, maitiro ekuvandudza nekudyidzana kwenyika dzese akaita kuti pave nekuchinja mukati mezvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana. Kuchinja uku kunoratidza kudiwa kwekuti chitendero chive chakakosha pakuchinja kwemagariro evanhu nekukurumidza uye chienderane netsika dzemazuva ano.
4. Syncretism: Syncretism inzira iyo zvinhu zvinobva muzvitendero zvakasiyana netsika zvinobatanidzwa kuita tsika itsva yechitendero kana yetsika. Muenzaniso wakanaka ndewechitendero cheCandomblé muBrazil, chinosanganisa zvinhu zvezvitendero zvemuAfrica, chiKaturike, uye zvekunamata zvemuBrazil. Iyi syncretism inoratidza kudyidzana kuripo pakati pechitendero netsika munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenzanga.
Chidzidzo Chenyaya: Chitendero neTsika muIndonesia
Indonesia muenzaniso wakakura wekudyidzana kuripo pakati pechitendero netsika. Nyika iyi ine zvitsuwa zvinopfuura 18.000, ine mapoka emadzinza anopfuura 300, rimwe nerimwe riine tsika dzaro dzakasiyana uye tsika dzechitendero. Islam, sechitendero chikuru muIndonesia, inoratidza kuti tsika nechitendero zvemuno zvinogona sei kupindirana uye kuenderana.
Muenzaniso wakakurumbira itsika yaMaulid Nabi, kupemberera kuzvarwa kweMuporofita Muhammad, uko kunosiyana-siyana muIndonesia. MuJava, tsika iyi inoperekedzwa neslametan (chipo chemunamato), tsika yechivanhu inosanganisira minamato nendiro dzakati. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, dzakadai seSulawesi, mhemberero iyi inogona kusanganisira kutamba nemimhanzi yemuno. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti tsika dzechiIslam dzinobatana sei netsika dzemuno , zvichigadzira nzira dzakasiyana dzekutaura kwechitendero.
Uyezve, muBali, uko ruzhinji rwevanhu vari maHindu, tinogona kuona kuti chiHindu chakashandurwa sei kuti chienderane netsika dzemuno dzeBalinese. Mhemberero yeNgaben (kupisa) muBali muenzaniso mumwe chete apo chitendero netsika dzemuno zvinosangana pamwe chete mumutambo wakapfuma muzviratidzo netsika dzemuno.
Mhedzisiro yeKuvandudza uye Kubudirira Kwenyika Dzepasi Pose
Kuchinja-chinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kudyidzana kwenyika dzese kwaunza matambudziko matsva pahukama huripo pakati pechitendero netsika. Kuchinja-chinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunowanzo unza shanduko huru munharaunda, zvichimanikidza chitendero netsika kuti zvienderane netsika itsva uye maumbirwo. Kuchinja-chinja kwemamiriro ekunze, nekufamba kwaro kwakasununguka kwemashoko, zvinhu, uye vanhu, kunounzawo zvinhu zvitsva zvinogona kukanganisa tsika dzechitendero netsika dzemuno.
Zvisinei, matambudziko aya anogonawo kuonekwa semikana yekukurukurirana nekubatana pakati petsika nezvitendero. Semuenzaniso, kuburikidza nekukurukurirana pakati petsika dzakasiyana dzechitendero, tinogona kuona kubuda kwemhando itsva dzetsika dzechitendero dzinobatanidza uye dzinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu emazuva ano.
Mhedziso
Sekureva kweanthropology, hukama huripo pakati pechitendero netsika inetwork yakaoma, umo chitendero hachisi chinhu chetsika chete asiwo chinopesvedzera uye chinopesvedzera tsika dzacho. Chitendero netsika zvinodyidzana nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakuchinjika uye syncretism kusvika pakupesvedzera kwekuchinja kwemagariro evanhu nehupfumi hwemazuva ano.
Kubva mukudzidza nezve anthropology, tinodzidza kuti kunzwisisa hukama uhwu kwakakosha pakunzwisisa kusiyana kwekutaura kwevanhu uye kugadzira nzanga dzinobatanidza vanhu vose uye dzinoshivirira. Kutsvagurudza kwakawanda mu anthropology mukudyidzana uku kunogona kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu kuti vanhu vanogadzira sei zvinoreva, hunhu, uye kubatana mukati mehurongwa hwakaoma hwemagariro evanhu.
