Saizi yekona ndiyo inosarudza saizi yemufananidzo wakaumbwa pa retina. Sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, kana chinhu chidiki, saizi yekona idiki uye nokudaro mufananidzo mudiki wakaumbwa pa retina. Saizi yemufananidzo mudiki pa retina ndiyo chikonzero nei ziso richiomerwa nekuona zvinhu zvidiki zvakajeka, kunyangwe kana richionekwa kubva panzvimbo yakajairika iri pedyo kana kubva kure ne 25 cm.
Girazi rinokudza kana kuti loupe rine kugona kushoma kukudza saizi yekona, saka kana saizi yechinhu chacho iri diki zvekuti zvinonetsa kuona uchishandisa loupe, saka chimbo chekuona chinodiwa chine kugona kuri nani kukudza saizi yekona. Chimbo chekuona chiri kutaurwa nezvacho ioptical microscope . Optical microscope ine malenzi maviri e convex apo lenzi yega yega inonzi convex lens uye lenzi ye eyepiece. Objective lens inoshanda kukudza saizi yemufananidzo uye kuunza mufananidzo pedyo nelenzi ye eyepiece kuitira kuti saizi yekona ive yakakura. Kusiyana neizvi, lenzi ye eyepiece inoshanda kukudza saizi yekona kuitira kuti saizi yemufananidzo inoumbwa pa retina yeziso ive yakakura.
1. Kukura Kwese kweMaikorosikopu Kana Ziso Riri Padiki Pakugara
1.1 Kukura Kwemalenzi Echinangwa Kana Ziso Riri Padiki
Lenzi yechinangwa ndeye lenzi yakamoneredzwa Saka, fomura yekuwedzera yakatsetseka ye lenzi yechinangwa yakafanana nefomura yekuwedzera yakatsetseka ye lenzi ye convex.
Mufananidzo chaiwo unoburitswa ne lenzi yekutarisa unoonekwa sechinhu ne lenzi yekuona. Ziso haripindi zvakanyanya kana tsandanyama yeziso iri mumamiriro aro akasununguka uye izvi zvinoitika kana mufananidzo wekupedzisira unoburitswa ne lenzi yekuona uri kure zvikuru. Kuti mufananidzo wekupedzisira unoburitswa ne lenzi yekuona uve kure zvikuru, mufananidzo chaiwo unoburitswa ne lenzi yekuona unofanirwa kunge uri panzvimbo yakatarisana ne lenzi yekuona. Saka, daro remufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi yekuona (s).ob') = chinhambwe chiri pakati pe lenzi yekutarisa ne lenzi yeziso (l) - kureba kwe lenzi yeziso (f)ok).
Tsananguro: mob = kukura kwe lenzi yechinangwa, l = chinhambwe chiri pakati pe lenzi yechinangwa ne eyepiece, fok = kureba kwegirazi remaziso, sob = daro rechinhu kubva pane lenzi chaiyo
Chiratidzo chekuramba chabviswa nekuti chiratidzo chekuramba chinoratidza mufananidzo wakapindurwa chete.
1.2 Kukura kweLenzi yeEyepiece yeAngular kana Ziso riri paMinimum Accommodation
Lenzi yemaziso igirazi rakamonana, saka nzira yekuwedzera angular lenzi yemaziso yakafanana nenzira yekuwedzera angular lenzi yakamonana yegirazi rinokudza kana ziso risingapindi zvakanyanya.
Nzira yekuwedzera kwekona kwegirazi re convex magnifying glass lens kana ziso riri panzvimbo yakaderera:
M = N / f
Kureba kwefocal (f) kunoshandurwa kuita kureba kwefocal kwelenzi yeziso (fok).
Mok = N / fok
Tsananguro: M = kukura kwekona, N = daro riri pedyo nepfungwa yeziso rakajairika, fok = kureba kwegirazi remaziso.
1.3 Kukura Kwese kweAngular kana Ziso riri paMinimum Accommodation
Kukura kwemakona ese (M) ndiko kunobva mukukudza kwemutsara kwelenzi yechinangwa (m).ob) nekuwedzera kwekona kwelenzi yeziso (Mok):
Kureba pakati pemalenzi maviri (l) – kureba kwelenzi yemaziso (f ok ) = kureba kwemufananidzo kubva kune lenzi yekutarisa (s ob '). Chinhu chacho chiri pedyo zvikuru nenzvimbo yekutarisa yelenzi yekutarisa, saka kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi yekutarisa (s ob ) kwakafanana nekukwirira kwelenzi yekutarisa (f ob ).
Mufananidzo wekupedzisira uri wepakombiyuta, wakapindurwa, uye uri kure zvikuru, unozivikanwawo seusingaperi 😉 . Kureba kusingaperi kwemufananidzo wekupedzisira hazvirevi kuti saizi yemufananidzo wekupedzisira haina magumo.
2. Kukura Kwese kweMaikorosikopu Kana Ziso Riri PaMaximum Accommodation
2.1 Kukura Kwemalenzi Echinangwa Kana Ziso Rakakura Zvikuru
Lenzi yemaziso igirazi rakamonana, saka fomura yekuwedzera yakatsetseka yelenzi yemaziso yakafanana nefomura yekuwedzera yakatsetseka yelenzi yakamonana.
Mufananidzo chaiwo unoburitswa ne lenzi inoonekwa sechinhu ne lenzi inoonekwa sechinoonekwa ne lenzi inoonekwa sechinoonekwa ne lenzi inoonekwa sechinoonekwa zvakanyanya kana tsandanyama yeziso iri mumamiriro akanyanya kuoma uye izvi zvinoitika kana mufananidzo wekupedzisira unoburitswa ne lenzi inoonekwa uri 25 cm kubva kune lenzi inoonekwa, uko 25 cm iri nzvimbo iri pedyo ne ziso rakajairika. Kana daro remufananidzo wekupedzisira unoburitswa ne lenzi inoonekwa (s ok ') rakafanana ne daro repedyo ne ziso rakajairika (N) ipapo daro remufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi inoonekwa (s ok ):
Mufananidzo wekupedzisira unoburitswa nelenzi yemaziso uri paindaneti saka unopiwa chiratidzo chekusaratidza.
s ok ndiyo daro remufananidzo chaiwo (chinhu) kubva kune lenzi yemaziso. s ob ' ndiyo daro remufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi chaiyo. s ob ' + s ok = daro riri pakati pemalenzi maviri (l). Saka s ob ' = l – s ok
Tsananguro: mob = kukura kwe lenzi yekutarisa zvakananga, l = kureba pakati pe lenzi yekutarisa ne eyepiece, sok = daro remufananidzo chaiwo kubva pane lenzi yemaziso, sob = daro rechinhu kubva pane lenzi chaiyo
Chiratidzo chekuramba chabviswa nekuti chiratidzo chekuramba chinoratidza mufananidzo wakapindurwa chete.
2.2 Kukura kweLenzi yeEyepiece yeAngular kana Ziso riri paMaximum Accommodation
Lenzi yemaziso igirazi rakamonana, saka nzira yekuwedzera angular lenzi yemaziso yakafanana nenzira yekuwedzera angular lenzi yakamonana yegirazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo yakakwana.
Nzira yekuwedzera angular yegirazi rinokudza convex kana ziso riri panzvimbo yakakwana:
Tsananguro: M = kukura kwekona, N = pedyo nenzvimbo yeziso rakajairika, f = kureba kwelenzi yeziso.
2.3 Kukura Kwese kweAngular kana Ziso riri paMaximum Accommodation
Kukura kwemakona ese (M) ndiko kunobva mukukudza kwemutsara kwelenzi yechinangwa (m).ob) nekuwedzera kwekona kwelenzi yeziso (Mok).
Kureba kuri pakati pe lenzi ine chinangwa ne lenzi ine ziso (l) – kureba kwemufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi ine chinangwa (s ok ) = kureba kwemufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi ine chinangwa (s ob '). Chinhu chacho chakaiswa pedyo zvikuru nenzvimbo yekutarisa ye lenzi ine chinangwa, saka kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi ine chinangwa (s ob ) kwakafanana nehurefu hwe lenzi ine chinangwa (f ob ). Saka, fomura iri pamusoro inogona kuchinjwa kuita:
