Mutemo waLenz: Nheyo dzekutanga uye mashandisirwo muElectromagnetism
Mutemo waLenz ipfungwa huru mu electromagnetism inotsanangura kuti magetsi anokonzerwa nekuchinja kwesimba remagineti anopikisa sei kutungamira kwesimba remagineti rinoshanduka. Wakawanikwa nenyanzvi yefizikisi yekuGermany Heinrich Lenz muna 1834, mutemo uyu unoita basa guru mukunzwisisa chiitiko che electromagnetic induction uye mashandisirwo ayo akasiyana-siyana etekinoroji yemazuva ano, kubva kumajenareta emagetsi kusvika kumidziyo yemagetsi yemazuva ese.
Hwaro hwedzidziso dzeMutemo waLenz
Mutemo waLenz unotsanangurwa nemasvomhu mu equation inotevera:
\[ \masvomhu{E} = -\frac{d\Phi_B}{dt} \]
Di mana:
– \(\mathcal{E}\) isimba remagetsi (emf) kana kuti voltage inokonzereswa,
– \(\Phi_B\) ndiyo magnetic flux,
– \(d\Phi_B/dt\) ndiyo mwero wekuchinja kwesimba remagineti.
Chiratidzo chekusashanda zvakanaka mu equation iyi chinoratidza kuti simba remagetsi rinobuda richatungamirirwa nenzira yekuti simba remagetsi rinoburitsa richapikisa shanduko yekutanga mu magnetic flux.
Mechanism yeKugadzira Magetsi
Kuti tinzwisise izvi zvakanyanya, ngatifungei nezvemuenzaniso uri nyore: waya yakaiswa pedyo nemagnet. Sezvo magineti ichiswedera pedyo necoil, simba remagineti kuburikidza necoil rinoshanduka. Sekureva kwemutemo waFaraday we electromagnetic induction, shanduko iyi mu flux ichagadzira emf mu coil. Mutemo waLenz unotiwo kutungamira kwemagetsi anogadzirwa ne emf iyi kuchagadzira simba remagineti rinopikisa shanduko mu magnetic flux inokonzera induction.
Sezvo magineti ichiswedera pedyo, simba remagineti richipfuura nepa coil rinowedzera. Simba remagineti rinokonzerwa ne coil richagadzira simba remagineti rinopesana nesimba remagineti riri kuuya. Kusiyana neizvi, simba remagineti richipfuura nepa coil rinoderera. Simba remagineti rinokonzerwa ne coil richagadzira simba remagineti rinotsigira simba remagineti riri kufamba, richiedza kurwisa kudzikira kwesimba remagineti.
Kushandiswa kweMutemo waLenz muTekinoroji
Mutemo waLenz une mashandisirwo akawanda mu tekinoroji yemazuva ano, kusanganisira majenareta emagetsi, matransformer, uye zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvakasiyana-siyana.
Jenareta yemagetsi
Imwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekushandisa mutemo waLenz ndeyemajenareta emagetsi. Majenareta anoshandura simba remakanika kuita simba remagetsi kuburikidza nemagetsi anopinza. Mujenareta, simba remagineti rinotenderera rakatenderedza waya rinokonzera shanduko inoramba ichiitika mukuyerera kwemagineti. Izvi zvinogadzira magetsi mukoiri zvichienderana nemutemo waLenz, uyo unogona kushandiswa kufambisa michina yakasiyana-siyana yemagetsi.
Semuenzaniso, mufekitori yemagetsi emhepo, turbine inotenderera inotyaira rotor mukati mejenareta, ichishandura simba remhepo kuita simba remagetsi kuburikidza nemisimboti ye electromagnetic induction uye mutemo waLenz.
transformer
Transformer mudziyo unoshandiswa kushandura voltage ye alternating current (AC) mumagetsi. Transformer ine ma coil maviri: primary coil ne secondary coil, akaiswa pa common magnetic core. Kana AC current ichipfuura nemu primary coil, inogadzira magnetic field inochinja, iyo inobva yakonzera emf mu secondary coil zvichienderana nemutemo waLenz. Kuchinja kwevoltage pakati pe primary ne secondary coils kunoenderana nehuwandu hwekutenderera pakati pema coil maviri.
Chinodambura Magneti
Mutemo waLenz unoshandiswawo muma magnetic dampers, ayo anowanzo kuwanikwa mumasisitimu ekumisikidza mota uye mumidziyo inoderedza kudedera. Muma magnetic dampers, kufamba pakati pemagineti neconductor kunogadzira induced current inogadzira simba rekudzima, iro rinobatsira kuderedza kufamba kana kudedera.
Chishandiso chekuyera Electromagnetic
Zvishandiso zvakawanda zvekuyera magetsi, zvakaita se galvanometers ne wattmeters, zvinoshandisawo musimboti wemutemo waLenz. Semuenzaniso, mune galvanometer, magetsi anokonzerwa ne coil ne magnetic field inochinja anogadzira torque inopesana ne torque inokonzera shanduko, zvichibvumira kuyerwa kwakanyatsojeka kwemagetsi.
Kuedza kweMutemo waLenz uye Kuratidzira
Kuti tinzwisise mutemo waLenz zvakanyanya, pane kuedza kwakawanda kuri nyore kunogona kuitwa. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa chinosanganisira kushandisa chubhu yemhangura nemagnet. Kana magineti ikadonhedzwa nechubhu yemhangura, simba remagineti rinoshanduka rinoita kuti mhepo yemhangura itsvedzerere mumhangura. Magineti aya anogadzira simba remagineti rinopesana nekufamba kwemagineti, richideredza kudonha kwayo zvakanyanya zvichienzaniswa nekudonha kwakasununguka mumhepo.
Imwe nzira yekuedza inosanganisira kushandisa waya ne galvanometer. Nekufambisa magineti kuenda kana kure ne coil, tinogona kuona magetsi ari mu coil uye shanduko yemagetsi iwayo zvichienderana nemutemo waLenz.
Kukosha kweMutemo waLenz muDzidzo neKutsvagisa
Mutemo waLenz hausi chete wakakosha mukushandiswa kwemabasa, asiwo une kukosha kukuru mudzidzo nekutsvaga. Kunzwisisa mutemo uyu kunobatsira vadzidzi nevaongorori kunzwisisa zvakadzama misimboti yekutanga yemagetsi uye kuti misimboti iyi inoshandiswa sei mutekinoroji yemazuva ano.
Munyaya dzekutsvaga, mutemo waLenz unoramba uchiita basa rakakosha mukuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji itsva. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinofambisa simba zvakanyanya uye zvishandiso zvekuchengetera simba, misimboti ye electromagnetic induction uye mutemo waLenz zvinoshandiswa kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka uye mashandiro.
Mhedziso
Mutemo waLenz ndeimwe yemitemo mikuru yemagetsi, ichitsanangura kuti mafungu anokonzerwa nemagetsi anopikisa sei shanduko muminda yemagineti. Kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemutemo uyu kunotibvumira kunzwisisa zviri nani nekugadzira matekinoroji akasiyana-siyana anotsigira hupenyu hwemazuva ano, kubva kumafekitori emagetsi kusvika kumidziyo yemagetsi yatinoshandisa zuva nezuva. Sechisimbiso chikuru chefizikisi, mutemo waLenz unoramba uchikurudzira hunyanzvi uye kuwanikwa kutsva musainzi netekinoroji.
