Sayansi

Tanthauzo la telesikopu ya zakuthambo (ma binoculars)

Telesikopu ya zakuthambo kapena ma binocular a zakuthambo ndi chida chowunikira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza diso kuwona zinthu zakuthambo monga nyenyezi, mapulaneti, ma satellite, ndi zina zotero momveka bwino. Ngakhale kukula kwa zinthu zakuthambo kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, mtunda pakati pa zinthu zakuthambo ndi wautali kwambiri kotero kuti zikawonedwa ndi diso, zinthu zakuthambo zimaoneka zazing'ono. Telesikopu ya zakuthambo imagwira ntchito yokulitsa chithunzi cha zinthu zakuthambo kuti ziwonekere bwino ndi diso.

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Kukula kwa angular kumatsimikiza kukula kwa chithunzi chopangidwa pa retina. Monga momwe chithunzi pamwambapa chikusonyezera, chinthucho chikakhala chaching'ono, kukula kwa angular kumakhala kochepa ndipo motero chithunzicho chikakhala chaching'ono, kukula kwa chithunzi chopangidwa pa retina ndiko chifukwa chake diso limavutika kuona zinthu zazing'ono bwino, ngakhale litaziona kuchokera pamalo abwinobwino kapena kuchokera patali wa 25 cm.

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Kumvetsetsa Maikulosikopu

Maikulosikopu ndi chida chowunikira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza diso kuona zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri bwino, komwe zinthu zazing'onozi zimakhala zovuta kuziona mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito diso kapena galasi lokulitsa.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya maikulosikopu: maikulosikopu yowala ndi maikulosikopu ya ma elekitironi . Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza maikulosikopu yowala ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito mogwirizana ndi mutu wa geometric optics, kuphatikizapo kuwala kowala, kapangidwe ka zithunzi, ndi kukulitsa chithunzi cha chinthu pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi.

Musanaphunzire nkhaniyi, ndibwino kuti muyambe mwaphunzira za magalasi okulitsira zinthu kapena ma loupes kuti mumvetse nkhaniyi mosavuta komanso mwachangu.

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Zitsanzo za mafunso ndi njira zokwezera magalasi okulitsa

1. Wofufuza akufufuza tsamba pogwiritsa ntchito lenzi yozungulira yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 25/3 cm ngati galasi lokulitsa. Ndi chiganizo chiti chomwe chili cholondola?

(1) Kukula kwa angular kuli kofanana ndi 4 ngati chithunzi chomaliza cha chinthucho chili pa mtunda wa masentimita 25.

(2) Kukula kwa angular kuli kofanana ndi 3 ngati chithunzi chomaliza cha chinthucho chili chosatha.

(3) Mphamvu ya lenzi yozungulira ndi 12 Diopters

(4) Mtunda wa chithunzi chenicheni ndi 25/3 cm ngati mtunda wa chinthucho ndi 50/3 cm.

Zokambirana

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Tanthauzo la galasi lokulitsa

Galasi lokulitsa, kapena lokulitsa losavuta, ndi lenzi yozungulira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza diso kuona zinthu zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuziwona mwachindunji, monga zolemba zazing'ono kwambiri. Galasi lokulitsa limatchedwa lokulitsa losavuta chifukwa lili ndi mphamvu yochepa yokulitsa chithunzi cha chinthu. Mu phunziro lotsatira, mudzaphunzira za zokulitsa zosaphweka monga ma microscope , ma telescope apadziko lapansi , ndi ma telescope.

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Zitsanzo zitatu za mafunso okhudza magalasi owoneka

1. Tiyerekeze kuti mnzanu wavala magalasi okhala ndi magalasi okhala ndi mphamvu ya -2 diopters. Magalasi a maso Kawirikawiri 2 cm kuchokera m'diso.
(a) Bwenzi lanu lili ndi magalasi mandala opindika kapena mandala ozungulira ?
(b) Kodi kutalika kwa lenzi ndi kotani?
(c) Maso a mnzanu kuwona pafupi kapena kuwona patali Ngati mukuona pafupi, kodi mtunda wakutali kwambiri ndi uti umene maso anu angathe kuwona? Ngati mukuona pafupi, mtunda wapafupi kwambiri womwe maso anu amawona ndi uti?

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Zitsanzo ziwiri za mafunso okhudza zida zowunikira za lenzi yolumikizana

1. Tiyerekeze kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito lenzi yolumikizana ndi maso yokhala ndi mphamvu ya -5 diopters. Lenzi yolumikizana nayo imalumikizidwa ku diso kotero kuti mtunda pakati pa lenzi ndi lenzi ndi magalasi olumikizana ndipo maso amaonedwa kuti ndi zero.
(a) Kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi olumikizana mandala opindika kapena mandala ozungulira ?
(b) Kodi kutalika kwa lenzi ndi kotani?
(c) Inu kuwona pafupi kapena kuwona patali Ngati mukuona pafupi, kodi mtunda wakutali kwambiri ndi uti umene maso anu angathe kuona? Ngati mukuona pafupi, mtunda wapafupi kwambiri ndi uti umene maso anu angathe kuona?

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Zitsanzo ziwiri za mafunso okhudza zida zowunikira maso

1. Munthu amene ali ndi maso abwinobwino Kuyang'ana chinthu patali, pomwe mbali yakutali ya diso labwinobwino ndi yopanda malire. Kutalika kwa lenzi ya diso ndi kofanana ndi mtunda pakati pa cornea ndi retina, womwe ndi 2,5 cm, kumatsimikizira (a) mtunda wa chithunzi, (b) mphamvu ya lenzi.
Zokambirana
Dongosolo la cornea-lens la diso limagwira ntchito yowunikira ndi kuyang'ana kuwala komwe kumalowa m'diso. Ngati cornea yatchulidwa yokha, ganizirani kuti cornea yokha ndiyo imawunikira kuwala. Cornea imagwira ntchito ngati mandala ozungulira kapena mandala ozungulira. magalasi osonkhanitsira zomwe zimayang'ana kuwala kwa kuwala ku malo amodzi.

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Zitsanzo ziwiri za mafunso a mandala awiri okhala ndi convex-concave

1. Lenzi yozungulira ili ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 30 ndipo lenzi yozungulira ili ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 20 komwe kumayikidwa pafupi pomwe mtunda pakati pa ma lenzi awiriwo ndi masentimita 150. Ngati chinthucho chili ndi masentimita 40 patsogolo pa lenzi yozungulira, dziwani mtunda wa chithunzicho ndi kukula kwa chithunzicho chopangidwa ndi lenziyo. mandala ozungulira dani mandala opindika koma!
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Kutalika kwa lenzi yozungulira (f)₁) = +30 cm
Utali wa lenzi yozungulira ndi wabwino chifukwa kuwala kumadutsa pakati pa lenzi yozungulira.
Kutalika kwa lenzi yopingasa (f)₂) = -20 cm

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Zitsanzo ziwiri za mafunso okhudza ma lens awiri ozungulira

1. Magalasi awiri ozungulira, aliwonse okhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 20 ndi masentimita 30, amayikidwa pafupi, ndipo mtunda pakati pa magalasi awiri ozungulira ndi masentimita 70. Chinthu chili ndi masentimita 30 patsogolo pa lenzi yoyamba. Dziwani mtunda wa chithunzi ndi kukula kwa chithunzi chopangidwa ndi magalasi awiriwa. mandala ozungulira koma!
Zokambirana

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