Zitsanzo za mafunso ndi njira zokwezera magalasi okulitsa
1. Wofufuza akufufuza tsamba pogwiritsa ntchito lenzi yozungulira yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 25/3 cm ngati galasi lokulitsa. Ndi chiganizo chiti chomwe chili cholondola?
(1) Kukula kwa angular kuli kofanana ndi 4 ngati chithunzi chomaliza cha chinthucho chili pa mtunda wa masentimita 25.
(2) Kukula kwa angular kuli kofanana ndi 3 ngati chithunzi chomaliza cha chinthucho chili chosatha.
(3) Mphamvu ya lenzi yozungulira ndi 12 Diopters
(4) Mtunda wa chithunzi chenicheni ndi 25/3 cm ngati mtunda wa chinthucho ndi 50/3 cm.
Zokambirana
(1) Njira yowonjezerera ngodya ya galasi lokulitsa pamene chithunzi chomaliza chili patali (diso lili pamalo abwino kwambiri)
M = N / f + 1
M = ngodya yokulitsa galasi lokulitsa, N = pafupi ndi diso labwinobwino (25 cm), f = kutalika kwa galasi lokulitsa
M = 25 : 25/3 + 1 = 25 x 3/25 + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4
Chiganizo 1 ndi chowonadi
(2)
Njira yowonjezerera ngodya ya galasi lokulitsa pamene chithunzi chomaliza chili chosatha (malo ochepa ogona a diso)
M = N / f
M = ngodya yokulitsa galasi lokulitsa, N = pafupi ndi diso labwinobwino (25 cm), f = kutalika kwa galasi lokulitsa
Kukula kwa ngodya ya galasi lokulitsa:
M = 25 : 25/3 = 25 x 3/25 = 3
Chiganizo 2 ndi chowonadi
(3) Mphamvu ya lenzi yozungulira
P = 1/f = 1 : 25/3 = 1 x 3/25 = 3/25 Diopters
Chiganizo 3 ndi cholakwika
(4) Mtunda weniweni wa chithunzi
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s
1/s' = 1:25/3 – 1:50/3
1/s' = 1×3/25 – 1×3/50
1/s' = 3/25 – 3/50
1/s' = 6/50 – 3/50
1/s' = 3/50
s' = 50/3
Chiganizo 4 ndi cholakwika
Gwero la funso:
Mafunso a SBMPTN a Fizikiki
Monga tafotokozera m'nkhaniyi galasi lokulitsa, chinthu chimawoneka chaching'ono chikawoneka patali kwambiri ndipo chimawoneka chachikulu chikawoneka patali. Kusiyana kwa kukula kwa zinthu zomwe diso limawona kumachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa ngodya yomwe imapangidwa pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho. Chinthu chikakhala kutali kwambiri ndi diso, ngodya pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho imakhala yocheperako kotero kuti chithunzi chomwe chimapangidwa pa retina ya diso chimakhala chocheperako. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chinthucho chikakhala pafupi ndi diso, ngodya pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho imakhala yayikulu kotero kuti chithunzi chomwe chimapangidwa pa retina ya diso chimakhala chachikulunso. Pamene diso lili pafupi, ngodya pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho imakhala yayikulu kotero kuti chithunzi chomwe chimapangidwa pa retina chimakhala chachikulunso. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti malo oyandikira a diso lachibadwa la munthu ndi 25 cm kotero mtunda pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho sungakhale wocheperako kuposa 25 cm. Tikhoza kunena kuti ngodya pakati pa diso lachibadwa la munthu ndi chinthucho, imakhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri pamene mtunda pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho ndi 25 cm.
Ngati chinthu sichikuwoneka bwino pambuyo poti chayandikira mtunda wa masentimita 25 kuchokera ku diso labwinobwino, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kutero galasi lokulitsa kuti diso lione chinthucho. Galasi lokulitsa kapena chokulitsa chosavuta chimagwira ntchito yokulitsa ngodya pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho. Mphamvu ya galasi lokulitsa yokulitsa chithunzi cha chinthucho imawonetsedwa ndi ngodya yokulitsa (M) ya galasi lokulitsaGalasi lokulitsa ndi kukula kwa 2x ndilabwino kuposa galasi lokulitsa ndi kukula kwa 1x. Kukula kwa angular ndi kosiyana ndi kukula kwa mzere; kuti mumvetse kusiyana, chonde phunzirani nkhaniyi. kukula kwa angular (M) ndi kukula kwa mzere (m).
Kumvetsetsa Kukula kwa Ngodya Yokulitsa
Kukula kwa angular (M) kwa galasi lokulitsa ndi chiŵerengero cha ngodya pakati pa diso ndi chithunzi cha chinthu (θ') pamene chinthucho chikuwoneka kudzera mu galasi lokulitsa, ku ngodya pakati pa diso ndi chinthu (θ) pamene chinthucho chikuwoneka mwachindunji kuchokera pafupi ndi diso labwinobwino. Mwa masamu:
M = θ' / θ
Fomula Yonse Yokulitsa Ngodya Yokulitsa
Njira yodziwika bwino yowonjezerera angular yafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu gawo lotsatira. Kuti mumvetse bwino, onani chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa.
Mu chithunzi 1, chinthucho chikuwonedwa mwachindunji kuchokera pafupi ndi diso labwinobwino..
N = pafupi ndi diso labwinobwino
θ = ngodya pakati pa diso ndi malekezero onse awiri a chinthucho
h = kutalika kwa chinthucho.
Mu chithunzi chachiwiri, chinthucho chikuwoneka kudzera mu galasi lokulitsa..
s = mtunda pakati pa chinthucho ndi lenzi
θ' = ngodya pakati pa kuzungulira ndi malekezero onse awiri a chinthucho
h = kutalika kwa chinthu
Ngati ngodya ndi yaying'ono ndiye kuti tangent θ ≈ θ
θ = h / N
θ' = h / s
Fomula yodziwika bwino yokulitsa angular (M) ya galasi lokulitsa:
Kufotokozera: M = kukula kwa angular, N = pafupi ndi malo a diso labwinobwino, s = mtunda pakati pa chinthucho ndi galasi lokulitsa. Iyi ndi njira yodziwira kukula kwa ngodya ya galasi lokulitsa. Imatchedwa njira yodziwira chifukwa mtunda pakati pa chinthucho ndi galasi lokulitsa si mtengo weniweni koma ukhoza kukhala mtengo uliwonse.
Njira yowonjezerera galasi lokulitsa pamene diso lili pamalo oyenera
Nanga bwanji ngati, poyang'ana chinthu pogwiritsa ntchito galasi lokulitsira, diso la wowonera silikulandira zinthu zambiri? Ngati diso silikulandira zinthu zambiri, mtunda wa chithunzicho ndi wopanda malire. Kuti chithunzicho chikhale chapatali kwambiri, mtunda pakati pa chinthucho ndi galasi lokulitsira uyenera kukhala wofanana ndi kutalika kwa galasi lokulitsira (yerekezerani kufotokozera kwa nkhaniyi). galasi lokulitsa kapena loupe). Onani chithunzi chili pansipa.
Mu chithunzi 3, chinthucho chikuwonedwa mwachindunji kuchokera pafupi ndi diso labwinobwino..
N = pafupi ndi diso labwinobwino
θ = ngodya pakati pa diso ndi malekezero onse awiri a chinthucho
h = kutalika kwa chinthucho.
Mu chithunzi chachinayi, chinthucho chimawonedwa kudzera mu galasi lokulitsa pomwe diso la wowonera limakhala pamalo ocheperako..
s = mtunda pakati pa chinthu ndi lenzi = f = kutalika kwa galasi lokulitsa
θ' = ngodya pakati pa kuzungulira ndi malekezero onse awiri a chinthucho
h = kutalika kwa chinthu
Ngati ngodya ndi yaying'ono ndiye kuti tangent θ ≈ θ
Njira yowonjezerera angular (M) ya galasi lokulitsa pamene diso lili pamalo oyenera:
Kufotokozera: M = kukula kwa angular, N = pafupi ndi malo a diso labwinobwino, f = kutalika kwa galasi lokulitsa.
Chiyerekezochi chikuwonetsa kuti kukula kwa angular (M) kwa galasi lokulitsa kumafanana kwambiri ndi kutalika kwa focal (f) kwa galasi lokulitsa. Kutalika kwa focal kwa galasi lokulitsa kukakhala kwakukulu, kukula kwa angular kumakhala kochepa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kutalika kwa focal kwa galasi lokulitsa kukakhala kochepa, kukula kwa angular kumakhala kwakukulu. Galasi lokulitsa kwenikweni ndi lenzi yozungulira, choncho ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito lenzi yozungulira yokhala ndi kutalika kwa focal kochepa kapena lenzi yozungulira yokhala ndi radius yaying'ono yozungulira kuti kukula kwa angular kwa galasi lokulitsa kukhale kwakukulu.
Njira yowonjezerera galasi lokulitsa pamene diso lili pamalo abwino kwambiri
Nanga bwanji ngati, poyang'ana chinthu pogwiritsa ntchito galasi lokulitsira, diso la wowonera likhoza kuloza bwino kwambiri? Ngati diso limalola bwino kwambiri, mtunda wa chithunzi womwe umachokera ku galasi lokulitsira ndi wofanana ndi malo apafupi ndi diso labwinobwino. Chithunzicho ndi chenicheni, kotero mtunda wa chithunzi (s') ndi woipa.
Ngati mtunda wa chithunzi (s') uli wofanana ndi malo oyandikira a diso labwinobwino (N) ndiye mtunda wa chinthu (s):
Ngati ngodya ndi yaying'ono ndiye kuti tangent θ ≈ θ
Njira yowonjezerera angular (M) ya galasi lokulitsa pamene diso lili pamalo abwino kwambiri:
Kufotokozera: M = kukula kwa angular, N = pafupi ndi malo a diso labwinobwino, f = kutalika kwa galasi lokulitsa.
Bandingkan njira yowonjezerera ngodya yokulitsa galasi pamene diso lili pamalo oyenera ndi njira yowonjezerera ngodya yokulitsa galasi pamene diso lili pamalo abwino kwambiriKutengera ndi njira ziwirizi, tinganene kuti ngodya yokulitsa ya galasi lokulitsa imakhala yayikulu pamene diso lili pamalo abwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati muwona zolemba zazing'ono kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito galasi lokulitsa, zolembazo zidzawoneka zazikulu pamene diso lili pamalo abwino kwambiri.
