Kuona pafupi ndi kuwona patali kungakonzedwe pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi a maso ndi magalasi olumikizana . Magalasi a maso amalumikizidwa ku magalasi, pomwe magalasi olumikizana amalumikizidwa ku diso. Magalasi ali patali ndi diso, pomwe magalasi olumikizana amalumikizidwa ku diso, kotero mtunda pakati pa lenzi yolumikizana ndi diso ndi wochepa.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zitsanzo za mavuto omwe anthu omwe amaona pafupi komanso omwe amaona patali amakumana nawo, mitundu ya magalasi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza masomphenya, kutalika kwawo, komanso mphamvu zawo. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi pokonza masomphenya omwe amaona pafupi komanso omwe amaona patali.
Kuwona Pafupi ndi Magalasi Ozungulira
Malo akutali Diso loona pafupi kapena myopia ndi 102 cm. Kuti diso loona pafupi liwone zinthu bwino lomwe, dziwani (a) mtundu wa lenzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, (b) kutalika kwa lenzi, (c) mphamvu kapena mphamvu ya lenzi.
Magalasi a magalasi nthawi zambiri amakhala 2 cm kuchokera m'maso.
Zokambirana
(a) Mtundu wa lenzi yogwiritsidwa ntchito
Pa mutu kuwona pafupi Zafotokozedwa kuti magalasi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza maso owonera pafupi ndi magalasi opindika kapena magalasi osiyana kapena magalasi oipa.
(b) Utali wa lenzi
Kuti chinthu chomwe diso loona pafupi likuwona kudzera mu lenzi yowonera chikhale kutali kwambiri, lenziyo iyenera kupanga chithunzi pamtunda wa 102 cm patsogolo pa diso, komwe ndi malo akutali a diso loona pafupi. Lenzi yowonera ili pamtunda wa 2 cm kuchokera ku diso kotero chithunzi chili pamtunda wa 100 cm patsogolo pa lenzi. Chithunzi chili patsogolo pa lenzi, motero chithunzicho ndi chowoneka bwino komanso choyimirira (yerekezerani kufotokozera kwa nkhaniyi). chithunzi cha lenzi yopingasa)
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Mtunda wa chinthu (s) = wosatha
Mtunda wa chithunzi (s') = -100 cm (woipa chifukwa chithunzicho ndi cha pa intaneti)
Anafunsa Kutalika (f)
Yankhani :
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/~ + (- 1/100)
1/f = 0 – 1/100
1/f = – 1/100
f = – 100/1 cm = -100 cm = -1 mita.
Kutalika kolunjika kolakwika kumatanthauza kuti lenzi yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mandala opindika kapena magalasi osinthasintha.
(c) Mphamvu ya lenzi
P = 1/f = 1/-1 m = -1 Diopta
Mphamvu kapena mphamvu ya lenzi ndi -1 D. Chizindikiro chotsutsa chimatanthauza kuti lenzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi lenzi yokhotakhota kapena lenzi yosiyana.
Kuwona Pafupi ndi Magalasi Ozungulira
Malo oyandikira a diso la munthu amene ali pafupi ndi 102 cm. Kuti munthuyo athe kuwerenga pa mtunda wa 25 cm patsogolo pa diso, dziwani (a) mtundu wa lenzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, (b) kutalika kwa lenzi, (c) mphamvu ya lenzi.
Magalasi a magalasi nthawi zambiri amakhala 2 cm kuchokera m'maso.
Zokambirana
(a) Mtundu wa lenzi yogwiritsidwa ntchito
Pa mutu kuwona patali Zafotokozedwa kuti magalasi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza maso owonera pafupi ndi magalasi ozungulira kapena magalasi ozungulira kapena magalasi abwino.
(b) Utali wa lenzi
Kuti chinthu chiwonekere chili pa 25 cm patsogolo pa diso, lenzi iyenera kupanga chithunzi pamtunda wa 102 cm patsogolo pa diso, komwe ndi malo oyandikira a diso loona pafupi. Lenzi ya galasi ili pa 2 cm kuchokera pa diso, kotero chithunzicho chiyenera kukhala pa 100 cm patsogolo pa lenzi, ndipo chinthucho chiyenera kukhala pa 23 cm patsogolo pa lenzi. Chithunzicho chili patsogolo pa lenzi, kotero chithunzicho chili choyimirira komanso chowoneka bwino (yerekezerani kufotokozera kwa nkhaniyi). chithunzi cha lenzi yozungulira)
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Mtunda wa chinthu = 23 cm
Mtunda wa chithunzi (s') = -100 cm (woipa chifukwa ndi weniweni)
Anafunsa Kutalika kwa focal (f)
Yankhani :
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/23 + 1/-100
1/f = 1/23 – 1/100
1/f = 100/2300 – 23/2300
1/f = 77/2300
f = 2300/77 = 30 cm = 0,3 mamita
Kutalika kwa focal komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumatanthauza kuti lenzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi lenzi yozungulira kapena lenzi yolumikizana kapena lenzi yabwino.
(c) Mphamvu ya lenzi
P = 1/f = 1/0,3 = +3 Diopters
Mphamvu ya lenzi ndi +3 D. Chizindikiro chabwino chimatanthauza kuti lenzi yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi lenzi yozungulira kapena lenzi yolumikizana.
