He mea nui te pūngao e ārahi ana i tō tātou ao, mai i te oranga o ia rā ki ngā whanaketanga ahumahi me te hangarau. E rua ngā wāhanga matua o ngā pūtake pūngao: ko te mea ka taea te whakahou me te mea kāore e taea te whakahou. He āhuatanga, he painga, he wero anō hoki tō ia wāhanga. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ēnei momo pūtake pūngao e rua, ka whakaratohia he tauira, ā, ka whakamāramahia hoki ngā pānga o tō rātou whakamahinga ki te taiao me te oranga tonutanga.
Ngā Pūtake Pūngao Whakahou
Ko ngā pūtake pūngao whakahou ko ngā pūtake pūngao ka taea te whakahou ā-taiao, te hanga hou rānei i roto i te wā poto noa. E kiia ana ēnei pūtake pūngao he pai ake te taiao nā te mea he iti ake te parahanga e puta mai ana i ngā pūtake pūngao kāore e taea te whakahou. Anei ētahi tauira matua o ngā pūtake pūngao whakahou:
- Pūngao Rā: I ahu mai te pūngao o te rā i te irahiko o te rā, ka taea te huri hei hiko, hei wera rānei. Ka whakamahia ngā panera rā (photovoltaics) hei huri i te hihi o te rā hei hiko, ko ngā kaikohi rā ia ka taea te whakamahi mō te wai, te whakamahana rānei i te wāhi.
Te Hiranga:
- Kāore e whakaputa tukunga hau kati kōtuhi i te wā e whakamahia ana.
- He puna pūngao tino nui.
Ngā Tananga:
- Me whakapai tonu te whai huatanga o te hurihanga pūngao.
- Te whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga o te rangi me te tauwāhi matawhenua.
- Pūngao Hau: Ka whakaputahia te pūngao hau mā te whakamahi i ngā tāpine hau, e huri ana i te pūngao nekeneke o te hau hei hiko. Ka taea te tū ngā pāmu hau ki uta, ki tai rānei.
Te Hiranga:
- Kāore e whakaputa tukunga i te wā e mahi ana.
- Ka taea te whakaputa i te nui o te pūngao i te wāhi tika.
Ngā Tananga:
- He wā pōturi, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tere o te hau.
- Tērā pea ka pā ki ngā rauropi ā-rohe me ngā kararehe mohoao.
- Pūngao Wai (Hauorahiko): Ka puta te pūngao wai mai i te rere o te wai, i te nuinga o te wā mā roto i tētahi tāpua e taraiwa ana i tētahi tāpine hei whakaputa hiko.
Te Hiranga:
- Pūtake pūngao pono, pumau hoki.
- Kāore e whakaputa tukunga i te wā e mahi ana.
Ngā Tananga:
- Ka pā mai pea he pānga nui ki te taiao, pērā i ngā panonitanga ki ngā pūnaha rauropi wai me te nekehanga o ngā hapori o te rohe.
- Pūngao koiora: I ahu mai te pūngao koiora i ngā rauemi rauropi pērā i te rakau, te para ahuwhenua, me ngā toenga kai. Ka taea te tahu tika i te koiora, te huri rānei hei wahie wai, hei wahie hau rānei hei whakaputa pūngao.
Te Hiranga:
- Te whakamahi i ngā para e kore e taea te maka atu.
- Te whakaiti i ngā tukunga methane mai i te pirau o ngā mea rauropi.
Ngā Tananga:
- Ka taea te whakaputa tukunga mēnā kāore e whakahaerea tika.
- E hiahiatia ana he whenua mō te hanga rauemi mata.
- Pūngao Ā-whenua: Ka puta te pūngao waiariki mai i te wera e ahu mai ana i te pūtake o Papatūānuku. Ka whakamahia ngā poka keri hei whakamahi i tēnei wera hei whakaputa hiko, hei whakamahana rānei.
Te Hiranga:
- He pūtake pūngao tino pumau, pono hoki.
- He tino iti ngā tukunga.
Ngā Tananga:
- Ki ngā wāhi whai mahi waiariki anake.
- He nui ngā utu tīmatanga mō te keri me te tāutanga.
Ngā Pūtake Pūngao Kore-Whakahou
Ko ngā pūtake pūngao kore-whakahou ko ērā kāore e taea te whakahou i roto i te wā o te tangata, nā te mea e hia miriona tau te roa o te hanganga. He maha ngā wā e hono ana te whakamahinga o te pūngao kore-whakahou ki ngā pānga nui ki te taiao. Anei ētahi tauira matua o ngā pūtake pūngao kore-whakahou:
- Hinu mata: Ko te hinu tetahi o ngā pūtake pūngao e whakamahia whānuitia ana puta noa i te ao. Ka tukatukahia hei hanga i ngā momo hua, tae atu ki te penehīni, te tīhiera, me ngā kirihou.
Te Hiranga:
- He pūtake pūngao tino whai rawa, ā, he maha ngā whakamahinga.
- Kua whakatūria he hanganga mō te tango, te tukatuka me te tohatoha.
Ngā Tananga:
- Te kaihanga nui o ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi.
- Te parahanga taiao mai i ngā turuturu hinu me te keri.
- Hau māori: E whakamahia ana te hau māori mō te whakamahana, te whakaputa hiko, me te mea hei rauemi mata mō te umanga matū.
Te Hiranga:
- He iti ake ngā tukunga ki te whakataurite ki te hinu me te waro.
- He nui ngā rāhui me ngā hanganga kua pumau.
Ngā Tananga:
- Kei te whakaputa tonu i ngā tukunga hauhā waro.
- Te mōrearea o ngā turuturu o te methane, he hau kati kōtuhi kaha.
- Waro: He wahie pūngoi te waro e whakamahia ana mō te whakaputa hiko me te hanga maitai.
Te Hiranga:
- He nui ngā rahui puta noa i te ao.
- He iti ngā utu whakaputa.
Ngā Tananga:
- Ko te whenua nui rawa atu e whakaputa ana i ngā tukunga hauhā waro i roto i ngā wahie pūmua.
- Ka taea e te keri waro te whakararu nui i te taiao.
- Pūngao Karihi: Ka puta te pūngao karihi mai i te wehenga o ngā ngota uranium, plutonium rānei. He pūtake pūngao tino whai hua, ā, kāore e puta he tukunga hau kati kōtuhi i te wā e whakahaerehia ana.
Te Hiranga:
- He pūtake pūngao tino kikī, tino whai hua hoki.
- He tino iti ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi.
Ngā Tananga:
- Tērā pea ka pā kino rawa atu te mōrearea o tētahi aituā karihi ki te taiao me te hauora.
- He uaua te whakahaere i te raruraru o ngā para karihi.
Ngā Pānga ki te Taiao me te Oranga Tonutanga
- Ngā Tukunga Hau Kākāriki: Ko ngā pūtake pūngao kāore e taea te whakahou te tino whai wāhi ki ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi, e whai wāhi ana ki te huringa āhuarangi o te ao. Ahakoa he iti ake ngā tukunga e puta mai ana i ngā pūtake pūngao hou, ka taea tonu e ētahi o ā rātou tukanga whakaputa (hei tauira, te hanga papa rā) te whakaputa tukunga.
- Pānga ki te Pūnaha Rauropi: Ka pā nui te tūhuratanga me te tango i ngā pūtake pūngao, arā, ngā mea ka taea te whakahou me ngā mea kāore e taea te whakahou, ki ngā pūnaha rauropi. Hei tauira, ka taea e te hanganga o ngā tāpua waihiko te whakarerekē i ngā rere o ngā awa me ngā nohoanga, engari ka taea e te keri waro te whakaiti i te whenua me te wai.
- Te Oranga Pūmautanga Ōhanga: Mā te whakawhiti ki ngā pūtake pūngao hou ka taea te waihanga i ngā whai wāhitanga ōhanga hou, tae atu ki ngā mahi i roto i te hangarau matomato me te hanga. Heoi anō, ka taea hoki e ia te arahi ki te ngaronga o ngā mahi i roto i ngā ahumahi pūngao tuku iho, ā, me nui te haumi ki ngā hanganga.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mahi a ngā pūtake pūngao whakahou me ngā pūtake pūngao kore-whakahou ki te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia pūngao o te ao. He otinga pumau ake, he pai hoki mō te taiao ngā pūtake pūngao whakahou, engari kei te tūtaki tonu ki ngā wero e pā ana ki te whai huatanga me te rokiroki pūngao. I tētahi atu taha, ko ngā pūtake pūngao kore-whakahou tonu te poutokomanawa o te tuku pūngao o ēnei rā, ahakoa te tipu haere o ngā āwangawanga mō ō rātou pānga ki te taiao me te huringa āhuarangi.
He mea nui te whakahaere whakaaro nui me te whakawhiti ki ngā pūtake pūngao hou hei whakarite i te pumau o te pūngao ā muri ake nei. Mā te auahatanga hangarau, ngā kaupapa here e tika ana, me te mōhiotanga o te marea, ka taea e tātou te whakaiti i ngā pānga kino o te whakamahinga pūngao, me te waihanga i tētahi heke mai ma, pumau ake.
