He tino mōrearea te mahana o te ao ki te oranga tonutanga o tō tātou ao. Nā te pikinga ake o ngā hau kati kōtuhi i te āhuarangi i puta ai tēnei āhuatanga, ko te nuinga mai i ngā mahi a te tangata pēnei i te tahunga o ngā wahie pūmua, te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere, me ngā mahi ahuwhenua kore pumau. Ko ōna pānga ko te huringa āhuarangi, te pikinga o te taumata moana, te ngaronga o te kanorau koiora, me ngā pānga kino ki te pāpori me te ōhanga. Nō reira, he mea nui kia mahi i ngā mahi pakari hei whakatika i te mahana o te ao. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā otinga maha hei whakatika i te mahana o te ao, tae atu ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi, te whakawhanake i te pūngao hou, te whakatipu ngahere, te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao, te whakahaere ahuwhenua pumau, ngā hangarau rokiroki waro, me te mātauranga me te mōhiotanga a te marea.
Te Whakaiti i ngā Tukunga Hau Kākāriki
1. Te Whakahaere Tukunga Ahumahi
Ko te ahumahi tētahi o ngā pūtake nui o ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi. Hei whakaiti i ngā tukunga mai i tēnei rāngai, me whakatinana ngā hangarau ma me ngā tikanga pai rawa atu i roto i ngā tukanga whakaputa. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakamahinga o ngā tātari me ngā pūnaha whakahaere parahanga hei whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kino, me te whakatinanatanga hoki o ngā pūnaha whakahaere pūngao hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao.
2. Ngā Ture me ngā Kaupapahere a te Kāwanatanga
He mahi nui tā ngā kāwanatanga ki te whakahaere i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi. Ka taea e ngā kaupapa here pakari, pērā i ngā here tukunga, ngā taake waro, me ngā whakatenatena mō te pūngao hou, te whakatenatena i te ahumahi me te hapori ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui anō hoki ngā whakaaetanga ā-ao pērā i te Kawa o Kyoto me te Whakaaetanga o Parī ki te whakatenatena i te mahi ā-ao hei whakatika i te mahana o te ao.
Te Whakawhanaketanga Pūngao Whakahou
1. Pūngao Rā
Ko te hiko o te rā tētahi o ngā puna hiko whakahou tino whai hua. Mā te tāuta i ngā panera hiko o te rā ki runga i ngā tuanui o ngā whare, ngā whare tari, me ngā whare ahumahi, ka taea e tātou te whakaputa hiko me te kore e tukuna he tukunga waro. Kei te haere tonu te hangarau photovoltaic (PV), me te piki haere o te pai me te heke o ngā utu, ka waiho hei otinga utu nui me te whai hua.
2. Mana Hau
Ko te mana hau tētahi atu puna pūngao pono ka taea te whakahou. Ka taea e ngā tāhū hau, i uta me tai, te whakaputa i te nui o te hiko. Ko ngā whenua pēnei i a Tiamana me Tenemāka kua ārahi i te huarahi ki te whakawhanake i ngā pāmu hau, i Indonesia ia, kei te tūhuratia te pūmanawa mana hau i roto i ngā rohe maha hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia pūngao ā-motu.
3. Te hiko wai
Ko te hiko wai, te hiko wai rānei, tētahi o ngā momo pūngao hou tawhito rawa atu, ā, tino pumau hoki. Ka whakamahia e ngā tipu hiko wai te rere o te wai hei taraiwa i ngā tāpine me te whakaputa hiko. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakamahi i te hangarau wai-iti hei whakamahi i ngā awa iti i ngā wāhi tūmatanui, hei whakarato i tētahi puna pūngao pumau me te pono.
Te Whakatipu Ngāherehere me te Tiaki Ngāherehere
1. Te Whakatō Ngāherehere
Ko te whakatō ngahere ko te tukanga whakato anō i ngā rākau ki runga i te whenua kua tuaina, kua pakaru rānei. Ka taea e ngā kaupapa whakatō ngahere te āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā kukū CO₂ o te hau nā te mea ka mimitihia e ngā rākau te CO₂ mā te photosynthesis. Kua whakarewahia e ngā kāwanatanga me ngā whakahaere kāwanatanga-kore (NGO) huri noa i te ao ngā kaupapa whakatō ngahere hei whakaora i ngā pūnaha rauropi me te whakanui ake i te pupuri waro.
2. Te Tiaki i te Ngāherehere
Haunga te whakatō ngahere, he mea nui anō hoki te tiaki i ngā ngahere o nāianei. He nui te waro e rongoa ana i ngā ngahere tuatahi kāore anō kia pakaru, ā, he nui hoki te kanorau koiora. Mā te tiaki i ngā ngahere mai i te whakangaromanga me te whakahekenga ka āwhina i te pupuri i te taurite o te rauropi me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro. Ko ngā kaupapa pēnei i te REDD+ (Te Whakaiti i ngā Tukunga mai i te Whakangaromanga me te Whakahekenga o te Ngāhere) e whai ana ki te whakatenatena i ngā whenua whakawhanake ki te tiaki i ō rātou ngahere.
Whakapai ake i te Whai Hua o te Pūngao
1. Ngā Whare Kakariki
Kua hangaia ngā whare matomato hei whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao mā te whai hua o te pūngao, te whakamahi i ngā rauemi hanga whare e pai ana ki te taiao, me te whakahaere rauemi pumau. Ka taea e ngā hangarau pēnei i ngā pūnaha rama taiao, te hauhautanga tika, me ngā rauemi whakamahana wera te whakaiti i ngā hiahia pūngao. Mā ngā tiwhikete whare matomato, pēnei i te LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) me te Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI), ka āwhina kia tutuki i ngā whare ngā paerewa whai hua me te pumau o te pūngao.
2. Ngā Waka Hiko
He otinga ngā waka hiko hei whakaiti i ngā tukunga mai i te rāngai kawe waka. Mā te whakawhirinaki ki te hiko hei pūtake hiko, ka whakaitihia e ēnei waka ngā tukunga CO₂ me te parahanga o te hau. Ka taea e ngā kāwanatanga te tautoko i te whakaurunga o ngā waka hiko mā roto i ngā whakatenatena taake, ngā tautoko, me te whakawhanake i ngā hanganga utu.
3. Hangarau Penapena Pūngao
Mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau penapena-pūngao, pērā i te rama LED, ngā taputapu whare kua tohua he pūngao, me ngā pūnaha whakamatao whai hua, ka taea te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao. Hei tāpiri, ko te mōhiotanga me ngā whanonga a te marea e pā ana ki te penapena pūngao, pērā i te whakaweto i ngā taputapu hiko ina kore e whakamahia, he mea nui anō hoki ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi.
Te Whakahaere Ahuwhenua Tauwhiro
1. Te Whakahaere Tongi Whai Hua
Mā te nui rawa o te whakamahinga o ngā maniua hauota ka puta he hauota waikura kaha, he hau kati kōtuhi kaha. Mā ngā mahi whakahaere maniua whai hua, pērā i te whakamahinga o ngā maniua rauropi, te whakaritenga tono tika, me ngā tikanga whakahaere whenua pai, ka taea te whakaiti i ēnei tukunga.
2. Te mahi ahuwhenua ngahere
Ko te mahi ahuwhenua ngahere te mahi whakakotahi i ngā rākau me ngā hua ahuwhenua ki te whenua kotahi. Ka taea e tēnei pūnaha te whakanui ake i te pupuri waro, te whakapai ake i te momona o te oneone, me te whakarei ake i te kanorau koiora. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te mahi ahuwhenua ngahere te whakapai ake i te haumarutanga kai me te oranga o ngā kaimahi pāmu.
Hangarau Rokiroki Waro
1. Te Hopu me te Rokiroki Waro (CCS)
Ko te hangarau CCS he hopu i te CO₂ mai i ngā pūtake tukunga nui, pērā i ngā tipu hiko me ngā tipu ahumahi, kātahi ka rongoa i raro i te whenua i roto i ngā hanganga whenua haumaru. Ahakoa kei te wā whanaketanga tonu te hangarau, ā, he iti noa te whakatinanatanga, he nui te kaha o te CCS ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi.
2. Te Whakamahinga o te CO₂ mō ngā Hua
Haunga te penapena i te CO₂ i raro i te whenua, kei te whakawhanakehia hoki ngā hangarau hei whakamahi i te CO₂ hei rauemi mata mō ngā hua arumoni, pērā i ngā rauemi hanga, ngā wahie hangai, me ngā kirihou. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i ngā tukunga engari ka hangaia hoki he uara ōhanga mai i te para waro.
Mātauranga me te Mōhiotanga ā-Iwi
1. Mātauranga Taiao
Mā te mātauranga taiao i roto i ngā kura me ngā whare wānanga ka taea e ngā rangatahi te whakawhiwhi mātauranga me ngā pūkenga ki te aro atu ki te mahana o te ao. Mā ngā marautanga e kapi ana i ngā kaupapa pēnei i te huringa āhuarangi, te pūngao hou, me te oranga tonutanga ka taea te whakatenatena i ngā whanonga e tika ana mō te taiao.
2. Kaupapa Whakamōhiotanga ki te Iwi
Mā ngā kaupapa whakatairanga i te marea mā roto i ngā pāpāho pāpori, pouaka whakaata, me ngā huihuinga hapori ka taea te whakanui ake i te māramatanga o te marea mō te mahana o te ao, me te whakatenatena i te huringa whanonga. Mā ngā kaupapa pēnei i te Earth Hour, e akiaki ana i te tangata ki te whakaweto i ā rātou rama mō te haora kotahi, ka taea te āwhina i te whakaara ake i te mōhiotanga me te mahi tahi ki te aro atu ki te mahana o te ao.
3. Te Whai Wāhitanga o te Hapori
Mā te whakauru i ngā hapori ki ngā whakataunga me ngā kaupapa mō te taiao ka taea te whakatairanga i te mana whakahaere me te kawenga tahi mō te mahana o te ao. Ka taea e ngā kaupapa hapori, pērā i te whakato rākau tahi, te whakahaere para, me te whakamahinga o te pūngao whakahou i te taumata ā-rohe, te whai pānga pai nui.
Whakamutunga
He wero nui te mahana o te ao e hiahia ana kia tere te mahi me te mahi tahi o te ao. Ko ngā otinga hei whakatika i te mahana o te ao ko te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi, te whakawhanake i te pūngao hou, te whakatipu ngahere, te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao, te whakahaere ahuwhenua pumau, ngā hangarau rokiroki waro, me te mātauranga me te mōhiotanga a te marea. Mā te mahi i ēnei mahi, ka taea e tātou te mahi ki tētahi heke mai pumau ake, me te whakaiti i ngā pānga kino o te mahana o te ao ki ngā whakatupuranga o muri mai. He mea nui te mahi tahi a ngā kāwanatanga, ngā ahumahi, me ngā hapori ki te whakatutuki i tēnei whāinga, me te whakarite kia noho ora tonu tō tātou ao mō ngā mea ora katoa.
