Te Mōhio ki te Hītori o te Kīngitanga o Srivijaya: Pou o te Kororia Moana i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia
Ko te Kīngitanga o Srivijaya tētahi o ngā kīngitanga moana nui rawa atu, nui rawa atu hoki i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, i te rautau 7 ki te rautau 14. Kei Sumatra, Initonīhia tōna kāinga, ā, kei a Srivijaya te mana whakahaere mō te hokohoko moana rautaki i te rohe o te Moana-a-Malaka, e hono ana i a Īnia, i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia me Haina. Ka tirohia e tēnei tuhinga te hītori, te kororia me te taonga tuku iho o Srivijaya i awe i te ao tūroa i tēnei rohe.
Te Tīmatanga me te Tupu o te Kīngitanga o Srivijaya
I ahu mai te ingoa Srivijaya i ngā kupu Sanskrit e rua: 'Sri', ko tōna tikanga he kanapa, he kanapa rānei, me 'Vijaya', ko tōna tikanga he wikitoria. Nō reira, ka taea te whakamaori i te kupu Srivijaya ko te 'Wikitoria Kororia.' I runga i ngā tuhituhinga me ngā tuhinga hītori mai i ngā puna Hainamana me Īnia, i tīmata te mōhiotia o te Kīngitanga o Srivijaya i te rautau 7 AD.
I ahu mai tēnei rangatiratanga i tētahi rōpū tāngata i whakahaere i te hokohoko moana i te tonga o Sumatra, e tata ana ki Palembang i ēnei rā. Nā te tūranga rautaki a Sumatra hei hononga mō ngā huarahi hokohoko o te ao i waiho ai hei pokapū mana me te ōhanga tino pai. Ko tētahi o ngā taunakitanga tuatahi ko te Kedukan Bukit Inscription, i kitea tata ki Palembang, ā, i te tau 683 CE, e whakaatu ana i te whakatūnga o te rangatiratanga e tētahi kīngi o Srivijaya ko Dapunta Hyang tōna ingoa.
Kororia me te Mana
I te rautau 8 ki te 10, i eke te Kīngitanga o Srivijaya ki te tihi o tōna kororia. I taua wā, ka noho a Srivijaya hei pokapū hokohoko me te ahurea nui. He mea nui tana mahi hei kaiwhakahaere i te hokohoko moana i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia. Ko Srivijaya te rangatira o ngā huarahi hokohoko mō ngā mea kakara, te hiraka me ētahi atu taonga utu nui i waenganui i a Īnia me Haina.
Haunga tōna tūranga ōhanga, he nui hoki te awe o Srivijaya ki te horapa o te whakapono Puta i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia. He maha ngā tohunga me ngā mōneka Puta mai i Īnia me Haina i tū ki Srivijaya ki te ako me te whakaako i te whakapono. E whakaatu ana ngā tuhituhinga o Nalanda mai i Īnia he hononga mātauranga tō Srivijaya ki Te Whare Wānanga o Nalanda, he pokapū rongonui mō te ako Puta i Īnia.
Nā te kaha o ngā ope taua me ngā ope taua moana a Srivijaya i taea ai e ia te pupuri i tōna mana ki tētahi rohe whānui. He maha ngā wā i whakamahia ai e te rangatiratanga te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā marena tōrangapū hei pupuri i ngā whanaungatanga pai me te mana whakahaere i ngā rohe i raupatutia e ia. I horapa ngā pokapū mana o Srivijaya puta noa i te Peihana Marei, Sumatra, West Java, tae atu ki Kalimantan.
Ngā Wero me te Hinganga
I tīmata te wero i te korōria o Srivijaya i te rautau 11. Ko te take matua i ngoikore ai tēnei kingitanga ko te whakataetae ki ētahi atu kingitanga moana pērā i te Kingitanga o Medang i tū ki te Rawhiti o Java me te Chola o Īnia. I te tau 1025, ka whakarewahia e te kingi o Chola, a Rajendra Chola I, tētahi whakaekenga nui ki a Srivijaya, ā, ka pahuatia te tāone matua i Palembang. He whiu nui tēnei ki te pūnaha ōhanga me te tōrangapū o Srivijaya.
Ko tētahi atu take i heke ai a Srivijaya ko te nekehanga o ngā huarahi hokohoko moana. I te aranga ake o te Emepaea o Majapahit i Java i te rautau 13, he maha ngā kaihokohoko i tīmata ki te neke ki ētahi atu huarahi hokohoko i tahaki i Java, ā, i tino whakaitihia te hiranga o te Moana-a-Kiwa o Malaka, te wāhi matua o Srivijaya.
I whai wāhi atu hoki ngā āhuatanga taiao pēnei i ngā punga o ngā puia me ngā huringa āhuarangi ki te hinganga o Srivijaya. Hei whakamutunga, i te rautau 14, ka raupatuhia e te Emepaea o Majapahit ngā toenga o Srivijaya, ā, koinei te mutunga o tōna mana hei hinonga tōrangapū motuhake.
Te Taonga Tuku Iho me te Mana o Srivijaya
Ahakoa i hinga a Srivijaya i te mutunga, he nui te awe o tēnei whenua ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia. I roto i te ahurea, he wāhi nui tā Srivijaya i roto i te horapa o te whakapono Puta i te rohe. Ko ngā stupa me ngā temepara i kitea i Sumatra me te Peninsula o Mareia e whakaatu ana i te awe kaha o te whakapono Puta i te wā o Srivijaya.
Ehara i te mea koinā anake, i riro mai anō hoki i a Srivijaya ngā hangarau moana matatau, inā koa te hanga kaipuke me te whakatere. Nō muri mai ka tukuna atu tēnei mātauranga e ngā kingitanga moana o muri mai pērā i a Majapahit me te Kāwanatanga o Malacca.
He rite tonu te hiranga, i whai wāhi a Srivijaya ki te whakatū i tētahi whatunga hokohoko moana o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti i hono ai ngā ahurea me ngā iwi maha. Nā ngā whanaungatanga tōrangapū i whakatūria e Srivijaya ki Haina, ki Īnia, me ētahi atu rangatiratanga i whakatakoto te turanga mō ngā taunekeneke ā-ao i te rohe.
Ngā Rangahau me ngā Kitenga o ēnei Rā
I tēnei ao hou, kei te hurahia tonutia ngā kōrero nui mō te hītori o Srivijaya e ngā kitenga whaipara tangata me ngā rangahau hītori. Ko ngā wāhi pēnei i a Muara Jambi, i kitea ko tētahi whare karakia me tētahi whare wānanga Buddhist, tae atu ki ngā tuhituhinga maha i Sumatra me ngā rohe huri noa, e whakarato ana i ngā kōrero whai hua mō te oranga me te kāwanatanga o Srivijaya.
Me nui ake ngā rangahau hei hura i te mana nui o te Emepaea o Srivijaya. Ko te noho o Srivijaya e whakaatu ana i te hiranga o te tiaki me te mārama ki tō tātou taonga tuku iho hei maioha ki tō tātou ahurea whai rawa, kanorau hoki.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te Emepaea o Srivijaya te pou o te kororia moana i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, i waiho iho he taonga tuku iho ahurea, ōhanga, me te hangarau e mau tonu ana ki tēnei rā. Ahakoa tōna hinganga i ngā rautau kua pahure ake nei, kei te kitea tonu te awe o Srivijaya, ā, kei te noho tonu hei puna whakahihiri me te whakahīhī mō te iwi o te rohe. Mā te maumahara me te ako i te hītori o Srivijaya, ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i tō tātou māramatanga ki ngā wā o mua, engari ka whakaratohia hoki he akoranga whai hua mō te hiranga o te hokohoko, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me te ahurea ki te hanga i tētahi iwi kua whanakehia, kua pumau hoki.
