Hītori me te Whanaketanga o te Kanikani Kecak a Balinese
Ko te kanikani Kecak, he tohu ahurea o Bali, he momo toi whakaari e mau ana i ngā uara wairua, ataahua, me ngā uara ahurea. I whakaurua tuatahitia i te tīmatanga o te rautau 20, ehara i te mea ko te kanikani Kecak anake te mea e kukume ana i ngā tūruhi o tāwāhi e rapu ana i te āhua rerekē o Bali engari e whakaata ana hoki i te kanorau ahurea o Initonīhia. Ka tirohia e tēnei tuhinga te hītori me te whanaketanga o te kanikani Kecak i roto i te wā.
1. Ngā Pūtake o te Kanikani Kecak
He hononga tata te takenga mai o te Kanikani Kecak ki ngā tikanga whakapono me ngā tikanga wairua o te iwi Bali. I ahu mai tēnei kanikani i te kawa Sanghyang, kua roa nei e tū ana. Ko te Sanghyang he kawa karakia Bali hei ārai i ngā wairua kino, ā, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hui whakapono hei hono i te tangata ki ngā atua, ki ō rātou tūpuna rānei.
I te tīmatanga, i haere tahi te kanikani o te kawa Sanghyang me te waiata, te mantra rānei, ko "cak" te ingoa—he oro e whai ana i te tangi o ngā makimaki. Mai i tēnei, ka āta whanake te Kanikani Kecak, e whakaatu ana i tētahi rōpū tāne e noho porowhita ana, e waiata ana i te "cak cak cak" i roto i tētahi manawataki tauhou.
2. Te Whanaketanga ki ngā Toi Whakaari
I awehia te whanaketanga o te Kanikani Kecak hei momo toi whakaari e te kaitoi me te kaiwaiata Bali a Wayan Limbak. I ngā tau 1930, i mahi tahi te kaitoi Tiamana a Walter Spies, he tangata e hiahia ana ki te ahurea Bali, me Limbak ki te whakawhanake i te Kanikani Kecak hei whakangahau mā ngā tūruhi. I mahi tahi rātou ki te whakarerekē i te kawa Sanghyang mā te whakauru i ngā āhuatanga o te pakiwaitara Ramayana, kia pai ake ai te whakaaturanga, kia wātea ake ai hoki ki ngā hunga mātakitaki o te ao.
I roto i tana putanga, ehara te Kanikani Kecak i te kawa karakia noa iho, engari e kōrero ana hoki mō te tahaetanga o Dewi Sita e Rahwana, ngā mahi whakaora a Rama rāua ko Laksamana, me te āwhina a ngā rau makimaki i arahina e Hanuman. Mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā oro manawataki me te whakaari o te pakiwaitara Ramayana ka hangaia he kōrero whakamīharo, ka waiho a Kecak hei tētahi o ngā kanikani tino ahurei o te ao.
3. Ngā Huānga Ahurei
He tikanga me te hiranga tō ia wāhanga o te Kanikani Kecak. Anei ētahi o ngā wāhanga ahurei o te Kanikani Kecak:
– Ngā Kaikanikani Tāne i roto i te Porowhita: Ko ngā kaikanikani Kecak he tāne e noho ana i roto i te porowhita, e waiata ana i te "cak cak cak" mai i te porowhita. He tohu tēnei hanganga i te kotahitanga me te kaha.
– Te Whakaari Kore Kōrero: Ahakoa he kōrero nō te pūrākau Ramayana, kāore te Kanikani Kecak e whakamahi ana i te kōrero ā-waha i waenga i ngā kiripuaki. Ka tukuna ngā kōrero katoa mā te nekehanga me te oro.
– Kākahu: He ngāwari noa iho ngā kākahu o ngā kaihaka Kecak, arā, he sarongs kōpikopiko, e tohu ana i te ngāwari engari he tino karisma.
– Ahi me ngā Tuku: I ētahi whakaaturanga, ka whakamahia te ahi hei tohu mō te kaha me te wairua. He wāhanga nui ngā tuku i roto i ngā kanikani hei whakahonore i ngā atua.
4. Ngā Tohu me te Rapunga Whakaaro
He nui ngā tohu me ngā rapunga whakaaro i roto i te kanikani Kecak. Ko te tangi "cak" tonu e tohu ana i te whakaaroaro oro e whakaponohia ana hei whakatō i te mana wairua. Ko te porowhita e whakamahia ana e ngā kaihaka tāne e tohu ana i te wira o te ora me te ao whānui, e hurihuri tonu ana. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā nekehanga whakaari a ngā kiripuaki pērā i a Rama rāua ko Hanuman i roto i tā rāua pakanga mō te tika ki te kino e whakaako ana i ngā uara matatika rangatira.
5. Ngā Whanaketanga i te Wā Hou
I roto i ngā wā, kua rerekē haere tonu te Kanikani Kecak, ā, kua urutauhia, kāore i ngaro tōna āhua taketake. I tēnei ao hou, kua piki haere te mōhiotia o Kecak puta noa i te ao, ā, he maha ngā wā e whakahaerehia ana i ngā huihuinga o te ao. He maha ngā mahi auaha kua whakatinanahia hei pupuri i te hiahia o te whakatupuranga rangatahi me te hunga mātakitaki o te ao.
Ngā Rerekētanga o te Kōrero: Haunga te kōrero Ramayana, he maha ngā whakaaturanga e whakauru ana i ētahi atu kōrero tuku iho a Bali, e tāpiri ana rānei i ngā huānga hou hei whakamere ake i te whakaaturanga.
Ngā Mahi Tahi Toi: Ka whakakotahi ētahi kaitoi i te Kanikani Kecak me ētahi atu āhuatanga toi, pērā i ngā whakaari puoro, i ngā whakaari o nāianei rānei, hei whakarato i tētahi wheako ahurei.
Ngā Wāhi Whakaaturanga: Ahakoa i tū te Kanikani Kecak i ngā kāinga i te tīmatanga, inaianei kei te whakahaerehia hoki i ngā wāhi rongonui o te tāpoi pērā i te Temepara o Uluwatu me te Pāka Ahurea o Garuda Wisnu Kencana, e whakarato ana i ngā tirohanga taiao whakamiharo hei papamuri.
6. Te Tiaki i ngā Ahurea
He kawenga tahi te tiaki i te Kanikani Kecak i waenganui i ngā kaitoi, te iwi Bali, me te kāwanatanga. He maha ngā mahi e mahia ana kia ora tonu ai te kanikani, kia tukuna iho hoki ki ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai:
Mātauranga me te Whakangungu: He maha ngā whare kanikani i Bali e whakaako ana i te Kanikani Kecak ki ngā tamariki mai i te tamarikitanga. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā kura e tuku ana i ngā akomanga mō te ahurea Bali, tae atu ki te Kanikani Kecak.
Ngā Hakari Ahurea: Ko ngā hakari ahurea o Bali e whakaatu ana i te Kanikani Kecak hei tetahi o ngā whakaaturanga matua, e kore e kukume noa i ngā tūruhi engari e poipoi ana hoki i te whakahīhī i waenga i te whakatupuranga rangatahi ki tō rātou taonga tuku iho.
Te Tuhituhi me te Rangahau: He maha ngā umanga, ā-motu me te ao whānui, e rangahau ana, e tuhi ana hoki i ngā kōrero mō te Kanikani Kecak kia pai ai te tuhi me te wātea hoki o ngā kōrero mō tēnei kanikani ki te marea.
7. Te Awe me te Whakaaweawe o te Ao
Kua horapa te awe o te Kanikani Kecak ki tua atu i Bali me Indonesia. Kua whakaaweawe i ngā mahi toi whakaari o te ao. He maha ngā kaitoi o ngā whenua rerekē kua ako i te Kanikani Kecak, ā, kua whakauruhia ki roto i ā rātou ake mahi. Ko te whakakotahitanga o ngā āhuatanga wairua, whakaari, me te ataahua i roto i te Kanikani Kecak he mea whakamīharo ki te ako i roto i te ao toi me te ahurea.
Whakamutunga
Ehara i te kanikani noa iho te Kanikani Kecak o Bali; engari e whakaatu ana i te ahurea whai rawa, te rapunga whakaaro, me te wairuatanga o te iwi Bali. Mai i ōna pūtake whakapono i roto i te kawa Sanghyang ki te momo toi whakaari e mōhiotia ana e tātou i ēnei rā, kei te whanake tonu te Kanikani Kecak, ā, kei te kukume i ngā hunga mātakitaki o te ao katoa. Ko ngā mahi ki te tiaki me te urutau e whakaatu ana ka ora tonu te Kanikani Kecak, ka tiaho, ka whai wāhi nui ki te taonga tuku iho o Initonīhia.
