Ko te whakaterenga pūrua ko te whakaterenga e pā ana ki tētahi mea e neke ana i roto i tētahi porowhita i tētahi tere pumau. He ariā nui tēnei i roto i te ahupūngao, inā koa ko ngā mahi hurihuri me ngā mahi miihini matarohia. Ko te whakaterenga pūrua te kawenga mō te pupuri i tētahi mea i roto i tētahi ara porowhita mā te tuku i te kaha ki waenganui o te porowhita. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka whakamāramahia e mātou te tātai mō te whakaterenga pūrua, ōna whakamahinga i roto i te oranga o ia rā, ā, ka whakaratohia he tauira raruraru hei whakahōhonu ake i tō tātou māramatanga.
Te Ariā o te Whakaterenga Pokapū
Ahakoa te tere tonu, ina neke te mea i roto i te ara porowhita, ka huri tonu tōna ahunga. Ko tēnei huringa ahunga e tohu ana i te whakaterenga, e kiia nei ko te whakaterenga porotītaha. Ka anga tonu tēnei whakaterenga ki te pokapū o te porowhita.
Mā te pāngarau, ka taea te whakaatu i te whakaterenga porotītaha (\( a_c \)) penei:
\[ a_c = \frac{v^2}{r} \]
Kei hea:
– Ko te whakaterenga pūrua-waenganui (i roto i ngā mita ia hekona tapawhā, \( m/s^2 \)).
– Ko te tere rārangi o te mea ko \( v \) (i roto i ngā mita ia hekona, \( m/s \)).
– Ko te \( r \) te pūtoro o te ara porowhita (i roto i ngā mita, m).
He Tātai anō mō te Whakaterenga Pokapū
Haunga te tātai i runga ake nei, ka taea hoki te whakaatu i te whakaterenga porotītaha i te ahua o te tere koki (\( \omega \)):
\[ a_c = \omega^2 r \]
Kei hea:
– Ko te tere koki (i roto i ngā rātiana ia hekona, \( rāti/s \)) te \( \omega \)).
Ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tere raina me te tere koki ko:
\[ v = \omega r \]
Mā te whakakotahi i ēnei tātai e rua, ka kite tātou ka taea te tatau i te whakaterenga porotītaha mā te whakamahi i te tere koki.
Ngā Whakamahinga o te Whakaterenga Pokapū i te Oranga o Ia Rā
1. Waka Hurihuri
Ina tahuri te waka, ka puta he kaha waku i ngā potae ki runga i te rori e anga atu ana ki waenganui o te piko, ka puta he whakaterenga pokapū e pupuri ana i te waka i runga i te ara porohita.
2. Ngā Ekenga o te Pāka Whakangahau
He maha ngā ekenga i ngā papa whakangahau, pērā i ngā waka hurihuri me ngā waka karuera, e whakamahi ana i te kaupapa o te whakaterenga pūrua. Ko te kaha e pā ana ki ngā pāhihi i runga i ēnei ekenga ka puta mai i te whakaterenga pūrua.
3. Ngā Aorangi e Hurihuri ana i te Rā
Ko ngā aorangi e porowhita ana i te rā ka pāngia e te whakaterenga porotītaha e te kaha ā-papa e kukume ana i a rātou ki te rā. Mā tēnei whakaterenga ka noho ngā aorangi i roto i ngā porowhita porowhita, porowhita rānei.
4. Ngā Irahiko e Āmio Ana i te Pūtake Atomika
I roto i te tauira atomika a Bohr, ko ngā irahiko e porowhita ana i te karihi atomika ka pāngia e te whakaterenga porotītaha e puta mai ana i te kaha hiko pūmau i waenganui i ngā irahiko me ngā porotona.
Ngā Tauira Pātai mō te Whakaterenga Pokapū
Tauira 1: Te Hurihanga o te Waka
Pātai:
Ka huri te motuka e tere ana i te 20 m/s i tētahi kokonga me te radius o te 50 mita. Tātaihia te whakaterenga pokapū e pā ana ki te motuka.
Otinga:
Whakamahia te tātai whakaterenga ā-pokapū:
\[ a_c = \frac{v^2}{r} \]
Whakakapia ngā uara e mōhiotia ana:
\[ a_c = \frac{(20 \, \text{m/s})^2}{50 \, \text{m}} \]
\[ a_c = \frac{400 \, \text{m}^2/\text{s}^2}{50 \, \text{m}} \]
\[ a_c = 8 \, \text{m/s}^2 \]
Nō reira, ko te whakaterenga ā-pokapū e pā ana ki te motuka he 8 m/s².
Tauira 2: Te Ekenga Carousel
Pātai:
E noho ana tētahi tamaiti i te taha o tētahi merch-go-round he 3 mita te whānui e hurihuri ana i te tere koki o te 2 rad/s. Tātaihia te whakaterenga porotītaha i pā ki te tamaiti.
Otinga:
Whakamahia te tātai whakaterenga pūrua i te āhua o te tere koki:
\[ a_c = \omega^2 r \]
Whakakapia ngā uara e mōhiotia ana:
\[ a_c = (2 \, \text{rad/s})^2 (3 \, \text{m}) \]
\[ a_c = 4 \, \text{rad}^2/\text{s}^2 \cdot 3 \, \text{m} \]
\[ a_c = 12 \, \text{m/s}^2 \]
Nō reira, ko te whakaterenga porotītaha i pā ki te tamaiti he 12 m/s².
Tauira 3: Ngā Amiorangi e Āwhiowhio Ana i te Ao
Pātai:
E porowhita ana tētahi amiorangi i te Ao i te teitei e 7000 km te radius o tōna porowhita. Mena he 7,5 km/s te tere o te amiorangi, tatauhia te whakaterenga ā-pokapū e pā ana ki te amiorangi.
Otinga:
Tuatahi, hurihia ngā waeine ki ngā mita:
\[ r = 7000 \, \kuputuhi{km} = 7 \whakanuia ki te 10^6 \, \kuputuhi{m} \]
\[ v = 7,5 \, \kuputuhi{km/s} = 7500 \, \kuputuhi{m/s} \]
Whakamahia te tātai whakaterenga ā-pokapū:
\[ a_c = \frac{v^2}{r} \]
Whakakapia ngā uara e mōhiotia ana:
\[ a_c = \frac{(7500 \, \text{m/s})^2}{7 \times 10^6 \, \text{m}} \]
\[ a_c = \frac{56,25 \times 10^6 \, \text{m}^2/\text{s}^2}{7 \times 10^6 \, \text{m}} \]
\[ a_c = 8,04 \, \text{m/s}^2 \]
Nō reira, ko te whakaterenga porotītaha e pā ana ki te amiorangi he 8,04 m/s².
Tauira 4: He Pōro e Miro ana i runga i te Aho
Pātai:
He pōro e 0,5 kg te taumaha e herea ana ki tētahi aho 1 mita te roa, ā, ka mirohia i roto i tētahi porowhita whakapae i te tere o te 4 m/s. Tātaihia te kaha pokapū e pā ana ki te pōro.
Otinga:
Whakamahia te tātai whakaterenga ā-pokapū:
\[ a_c = \frac{v^2}{r} \]
Whakakapia ngā uara e mōhiotia ana:
\[ a_c = \frac{(4 \, \text{m/s})^2}{1 \, \text{m}} \]
\[ a_c = 16 \, \text{m/s}^2 \]
Whakamahia te Ture Tuarua a Newton hei tatau i te kaha pokapū:
\[ F_c = ma_c \]
\[ F_c = (0,5 \, \k_tuhinga{kg})(16 \, \k_tuhinga{m/s}^2) \]
\[ F_c = 8 \, \text{N} \]
Nō reira, ko te kaha pokapū e pāngia ana e te pōro he 8 N.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te whakaterenga pūrua hei mārama ki te nekehanga porowhita. Mā te whakamahi i te tātai mō te whakaterenga pūrua, ka taea e tātou te tatau i te whakaterenga e pā ana ki tētahi mea e neke ana i te ara porowhita, me te kaha e hiahiatia ana hei pupuri i taua nekehanga. He whānui ngā tono o tēnei ariā, mai i ngā waka e huri ana i ngā kokonga me ngā ekenga i ngā papa whakangahau ki ngā amiorangi e porowhita ana i te Ao. Ehara i te mea he mea nui anake te māramatanga hōhonu ki te whakaterenga pūrua i roto i te ahupūngao ariā engari he maha ngā tono mahi i roto i te oranga o ia rā me te hangarau hou.
