Ko ngā rauemi nano he rauemi he tino iti ngā rahi, ko te nuinga kei runga i te tauine nanometer (1 nm = 10 -9 mita). I tēnei tauine, ka taea e ngā āhuatanga o ngā rauemi te rerekē nui ki ngā āhuatanga o ngā rauemi i runga i ngā tauine nui ake. He mea tino nui te mārama ki te hanganga ngota i roto i te ako i ngā rauemi nano nā te mea ko te whanonga, ngā āhuatanga, me ngā tono o ngā rauemi nano e tino whakawhirinaki ana ki ā rātou taunekeneke ngota me te hanganga o roto. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te ariā o te hanganga ngota i roto i te horopaki o ngā rauemi nano, me pēhea te pānga o te hanganga ngota ki ngā āhuatanga o ngā rauemi nano, me ngā tono rerekē o ngā rauemi nano.
Hanganga Atomika me ngā Rauemi Nano
Ko te hanganga ngota e pā ana ki te whakaritenga o ngā ngota i roto i tētahi rauemi. I roto i te horopaki o ngā rauemi nano, he mea tino nui te hanganga ngota nā te mea he tata te tawhiti o ngā ngota, ā, ka pāngia ngā āhuatanga whānui o te rauemi e ā rātou taunekeneke.
Ngā Ariā Taketake o te Hanganga Atomika
- Ngā Atoma me ngā NgotaKo te ngota te waeine taketake o te matū e titoa ana i te karihi (ngā porotona me ngā irahiko) me ngā irahiko e karapoti ana i te karihi. Ko te ngota he huinga o ngā ngota e rua, neke atu rānei, kua honoa ki te matū.
- Ngā Orbital me ngā Irahiko ValenceHe rerekē ngā āputaputa o ngā irahiko i roto i ngā ngota, e ai ki ō rātou taumata pūngao. Ko ngā irahiko valence, kei roto i te anga o waho rawa, he mahi nui tā rātou ki te hanganga o ngā hononga matū me ngā āhuatanga o ngā rauemi.
- Ngā Here MatūKo ngā hononga matū ko ngā kaha e pupuri ana i ngā ngota i roto i ngā ngota, i ngā tioata rānei. He nui te pānga o te momo hononga matū (honohono irahiko, irahiko, irahiko konganuku, irahiko van der Waals rānei) ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o tētahi rauemi.
Hanganga Atomika i roto i ngā Rauemi Nano
I te tauine nano, ka taea te whakarite i te hanganga ngota o ngā rauemi kia puta ai he āhuatanga ahurei. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā matūriki nano whakarewa te whai hanganga matua-anga, arā, he rerekē ngā huānga o te matua me te anga, he rerekē rānei ngā hanganga tioata.
- Ngā matūriki nanoKo ngā matūriki nano he matūriki kei waenganui i te 1 ki te 100 nm te rahi. I tēnei rahi, he tino teitei te ōwehenga o te mata-ki-te rōrahi, nō reira he mahi nui tā ngā ngota i runga i te mata o te matūriki nano ki te whakatau i ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi.
- Ngā Nanotube me ngā NanowireKo ngā nanotube (hei tauira, ngā nanotube waro) me ngā nanowire he hanganga he ine-nano i ngā taha e rua, ā, he roa ake. Ko te hanganga ngota o ngā nanotube me ngā nanowire te mea e whakatau ana i ō rātou āhuatanga ā-pūkaha, ā-hiko, me te ā-wera.
- Ira RarangiHe nanokiritara haurua-irahiko ngā ira-kuantum me ōna āhuatanga whatu me te hiko ahurei. Ka taea te whakahaere i te rahi me te hanganga ngota o ngā ira-kuantum hei whakaputa i ngā tae tuku rerekē.
Te Awe o te Hanganga Atomika ki ngā Āhuatanga o ngā Rauemi Nano
He whānuitia ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-matū, ā-pūkaha hoki o te hanganga ngota o ngā rauemi nano. Ka puta he pānga kāore e kitea i te ao whānui i ngā panonitanga o te hanganga ngota.
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana
- tuku kōreroHe maha ngā āhuatanga whatu ahurei o ngā rauemi nano nā runga i ngā pānga matūriki me te haruru o te plasmon mata. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā matūriki nano koura te whakaputa tae rerekē i runga i te rahi me te āhua.
- HikoKa pā te hanganga ngota o ngā rauemi nano ki te kawe hiko. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā ngongo waro te mahi hei konganuku, hei haurua-ira rānei, i runga i tō rātou hanganga ngota me te whakatakotoranga tioata.
- waiarikiKo te kawe wera o ngā rauemi nano e whakawhirinaki ana ki tōna hanganga ngota. He tino teitei, he tino iti rānei te kawe wera o ngā waea nano me ngā ngongo nano i runga i tōna hanganga ngota me te hononga taunekeneke.
Ngā Āhuatanga Matū
- Te tauhohengaHe nui ake te tauhohenga o ngā rauemi nano i ngā rauemi whānui nā te mea he nui te ōwehenga o te mata ki te rōrahi. He māmā ake te taunekeneke a ngā ngota i runga i te mata o ngā rauemi nano ki ētahi atu ngota.
- WhakaohoKa taea e te hanganga ngota o te mata o ngā matūriki nano whakakorikori te awe i tā rātou mahi whakakorikori. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā matūriki nano konukawata o tētahi rahi te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o ētahi tauhohenga matū.
Ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini
- Te Kaha me te TūkinoKa taea e te hanganga ngota o ngā rauemi nano te whakaputa i ngā āhuatanga miihini tino whakamiharo. Hei tauira, he tino kaha te kaha kume o ngā ngongo waro nā te kaha o ngā hononga honohono i waenga i ngā ngota waro.
- Te ngāwariHe nui ake te ngāwari o ngā rauemi nano ki ngā rauemi nui nā te kaha o ngā ngota ki te whirihora anō i te rahi nano.
Ngā tono rauemi nano e hangai ana ki te hanganga ngota
Nā te mārama ki te hanganga ngota o ngā rauemi nano kua huaki ake te whānuitanga o ngā tono auaha i roto i te hangarau, te rongoā, te pūngao, me te taiao.
hangarau
- hikohikoKo ngā rauemi nano pēnei i te graphene me ngā nanotube waro e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga i ngā transistors, ngā pūoko, me ētahi atu taputapu hiko nā te mea he pai ake ō rātou āhuatanga hiko me te wera.
- Ngā Rauemi WhakakotahiE whakamahia ana ngā rauemi nano hei whakapakari i ngā rauemi hiato, hei whakaputa rauemi mama ake, kaha ake hoki mō ngā tono i roto i ngā ahumahi motuka me te rererangi.
Hauora
- Te Tukunga RongoāKa whakamahia ngā matūriki nano hei tuku rongoā kua tohua, kia taea ai te tuku tika i ngā rongoā ki ngā pūtau mate me te whakaiti i ngā pānga taha.
- Whakaahua me te TātaritangaE whakamahia ana ngā ira matū i roto i te whakaahua koiora hei whakarato i ngā whakaahua mārama ake, taipitopito ake hoki o ngā hanganga ā-roto o ngā pūtau me ngā kiko.
Pūngao
- Te Rokiroki PūngaoKa whakamahia ngā rauemi nano i roto i ngā pākahiko me ngā supercapacitors hei whakanui ake i te kaha rokiroki pūngao me te tere ake i ngā wā utu.
- Te Huringa PūngaoKa whakamahia ngā rauemi nano pēnei i ngā ira matū i roto i ngā pūtau rā hei whakapiki i te whai huatanga o te huri i te pūngao rā ki te hiko.
Āhuatanga
- Te Maimoatanga WaiE whakamahia ana ngā rauemi nano i roto i te hangarau tātari hei tango i ngā poke i te wai inu me te whai hua ake.
- Aroturukitanga ParahangaE whakamahia ana ngā pūoko e hangai ana ki ngā rauemi nano hei kite i ngā parahanga o te hau me te wai me te tino aro nui.
Whakamutunga
Ko te hanganga ngota te mea nui ki te mārama me te arotau i ngā āhuatanga o ngā rauemi nano. Mā ngā taunekeneke me ngā whakaritenga o ngā ngota i te tauine nanometa ka taea te whakaputa i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana, matū, me te ā-pūkaha ahurei kāore e kitea i roto i ngā rauemi tauine nui. Nā te māramatanga hohonu ki te hanganga ngota o ngā rauemi nano kua taea ai ngā tono auaha i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā mara, mai i te hangarau me te rongoā ki te pūngao me te taiao. I te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te rangahau i roto i te hangarau nano, ka hohonu ake tō tātou māramatanga ki te hanganga ngota o ngā rauemi nano me ā rātou tono, ka whakatakoto i te ara mō ngā whanaketanga nui ake i te heke mai.
