Ngā Momo Pūngao
He ariā taketake te pūngao i roto i te ahupūngao e pā ana ki te kaha ki te mahi i te mahi. He maha ngā āhua o te pūngao, ā, he mea nui te mārama ki ēnei āhua hei mārama ki te mahi a te ao whānui. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi o ngā momo matua o te pūngao, me pēhea tā rātou mahi, me ngā tauira o ā rātou whakamahinga i roto i te oranga o ia rā.
Pūngao Kinetic
Ko te pūngao nekeneke ko te pūngao kei roto i tētahi mea nā tōna nekehanga. He pūngao nekeneke kei roto i ia mea nekeneke. Ka taea te tatau i te nui o te pūngao nekeneke kei roto i tētahi mea mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
\[ E_k = \frac{1}{2} mv^2 \]
ko \(E_k\) te pūngao nekeneke, ko \(m\) te papatipu o te mea, ā, ko \(v\) te tere o te mea.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
– Te Waka e Neke ana: Ina neke te waka i te rori, ka puta te pūngao nekeneke mai i tōna tere.
– Ngā Matā e Pūhia ana: He nui te pūngao nekeneke o ngā matā e pūhia ana e ngā pū nā te tere nui.
Pūngao Pūmanawa
Ko te pūngao pūmanawa te pūngao kei roto i tētahi mea nā tōna tūranga, nā tōna āhua rānei. He maha ngā momo pūngao pūmanawa, tae atu ki te pūngao pūmanawa ā-papa me te pūngao pūmanawa ngāwari.
Pūngao Pūmanawa Ā-Toi
Ko te pūngao pūmanawa ā-papa te pūngao e mau ana i tētahi mea nā tōna tūranga i roto i te papa ā-papa. Ka taea te tatau i te nui o te pūngao pūmanawa ā-papa mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
\[ E_p = mgh \]
ko \(E_p\) te pūngao pūmanawa ā-papatipu, ko \(m\) te papatipu o te mea, ko \(g\) te whakaterenga nā te ā-papatipu, ā, ko \(h\) te teitei o te mea mai i te pūwāhi tohutoro.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
– Ngā Mea Hiki: He nui ake te pūngao pūmanawa ā-papa o te pōro e hikitia ana ki runga i tōna āhua i tōna tūnga ki runga i te whenua.
– Wai i roto i ngā Tāwharau: Ko te wai e rongoatia ana i roto i ngā tāwharau i tētahi teitei, he pūngao pūmanawa ā-papa ka taea te whakamahi hei whakaputa hiko.
Pūngao Pūmanawa Ātaahua
Ko te pūngao pūmanawa pīwariwari ko te pūngao e rongoatia ana i roto i tētahi mea kua whakapōturitia, pērā i te puna, i te here rapa rānei. Ka taea te tatau i tēnei pūngao mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
\[ E_e = \frac{1}{2} kx^2 \]
ko \(E_e\) te pūngao pūmanawa rapa, ko \(k\) te pūmau puna, ā, ko \(x\) te nekehanga mai i te tūranga taurite.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
– Puna Kōpeke: He pūngao pūmanawa ngāwari tō te puna kōpeke ka taea te tuku ina hoki te puna ki tōna tūranga taketake.
– Kopere me te Pere: Ina kumea te kopere, ka rongoatia te pūngao pūmanawa ngāwari ki roto i te kopere, ka tukuna hei pana i te pere.
Pūngao Wera
Ko te pūngao wera he pūngao e pā ana ki te pāmahana o tētahi mea. I ahu mai tēnei pūngao i te nekehanga matapōkere o ngā matūriki i roto i tētahi mea. Ka teitei ake te pāmahana o tētahi mea, ka nui ake tōna pūngao wera.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
– Te Wai Kohua: Ina werahia te wai, ka tere ake te neke o ngā matūriki wai, ka piki ake tō rātou pūngao wera kia tae rā anō ki te pāmahana koropupū.
– Whakamahana Rūma: Ka hurihia e ngā whakamahana hiko te pūngao hiko hei pūngao wera hei whakamahana i te rūma.
Pūngao Matū
Ko te pūngao matū ko te pūngao e rongoatia ana i roto i ngā hononga matū o ngā ngota. Ka tukuna, ka mimitia rānei tēnei pūngao i roto i ngā tauhohenga matū. Ko ngā wahie parapara, te kai, me ngā pākahiko he tauira o ngā pūtake pūngao matū.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
– Te Tahunga Wahie: Ka tukuna te pūngao matū e ngā wahie pēnei i te penehīni ina tahuna, ka whakamahia hei whakakaha i te miihini o te motuka.
– Te Pūnaha Kai: Ka wawahia e te tinana tangata te kai hei tuku i te pūngao matū e whakamahia ana mō ngā mahi maha a te tinana.
Pūngao Hikohiko
Ko te pūngao hiko aukume he pūngao e haria ana e ngā ngaru hiko aukume, pērā i te mārama, ngā ngaru reo irirangi, me ngā hihi-X. Ka taea e tēnei pūngao te haere i roto i te korehau, ā, he rerekē ngā roangaru me ngā auautanga.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
– Te mārama o te rā: Ka tukuna e te rā te pūngao hikohiko i roto i te āhua o te mārama e kitea ana, e whakamahia ana e ngā tipu mō te whakaahua.
– Reo Irirangi me te Pouaka Whakaata: Ka haria e ngā ngaru reo irirangi te pūngao hikohiko e whakamahia ana hei tuku tohu oro me te ataata.
Pūngao Karihi
Ko te pūngao karihi te pūngao e rongoatia ana i roto i te karihi o te ngota. Ka taea te tuku i tēnei pūngao mā roto i ngā tauhohenga karihi, pērā i te wehenga o ngā karihi (fission) te hanumi rānei (fusion).
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
– Ngā Whare Mana Karihi: Ka whakamahia e ngā tauhohenga karihi te pūngao i tukuna mai i ngā tauhohenga wehenga uranium hei whakaputa hiko.
– Ngā Patu Karihi: He mana whakangaro nui tō te pūngao karihi e tukuna ana i roto i te pahūtanga karihi.
Pūngao Mīhini
Ko te pūngao miihini te tapeke o te pūngao nekeneke me te pūngao pūmanawa i roto i tētahi pūnaha. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia hei whakaahua i te pūngao katoa i roto i tētahi pūnaha miihini.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
– Piu: Ko te piu e neke ake ana, e heke iho ana, he huinga o te pūngao nekeneke (ina neke) me te pūngao pūmanawa ā-papa (ina teitei rawa).
– Karaka Puna: Ka hurihia te pūngao pūmanawa rapa e rongoa ana i roto i te puna hei pūngao nekeneke hei neke i ngā ringa karaka.
Te Huringa Pūngao
Ko te hurihanga pūngao te tukanga o te hurihanga pūngao mai i tētahi āhua ki tētahi atu. Ka puta noa tēnei tukanga i roto i ngā pūnaha maha, ā, ka taea hoki te whakatutuki mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau maha.
Ngā Tauira Huringa Pūngao:
– Ngā Paewhiri Rā: Tahurihia te pūngao hikohiko mai i te rā ki te pūngao hiko.
– Pūkaha Hau: Ka huri i te pūngao nekeneke o te hau hei pūngao hiko.
– Te Tahunga Wahie: Te huri i te pūngao matū o te wahie hei pūngao wera, kātahi hei pūngao miihini, hei pūngao hiko rānei.
Whakamutunga
He maha ngā āhua o te pūngao, ā, ka taea te whakawhiti mai i tētahi āhua ki tētahi atu mā roto i ngā tukanga whakawhiti. He mea nui te mārama ki ēnei āhua me te āhua o te whakawhiti kia whai hua ai te whakamahinga pūngao. Mai i te pūngao nekeneke ki te pūngao karihi, he mea nui te mahi a ia āhua pūngao ki roto i ō tātou oranga me te whanaketanga hangarau. Mā te whakamahi i ngā momo pūngao me ngā hangarau whakawhiti e wātea ana, ka taea e tātou te aro atu ki ngā wero pūngao o te ao, me te neke whakamua ki tētahi heke mai pumau ake.
