Kua noho te mahana o te ao hei tētahi o ngā take taiao tino nui o te rautau 21. Ko tētahi o ngā tino take o te mahana o te ao ko ngā huringa o te āhuarangi o Papatūānuku. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te whai wāhi a te hanganga me ngā āhuatanga o te āhuarangi ki te pikinga o te pāmahana o te ao, me ngā pānga hoki o tēnei.
1. Te Hanganga o te Āhuarangi me ngā Hau Katiariki
He maha ngā hau kei roto i te āhuarangi o te Ao, tae atu ki te hauota (78%), te hāora (21%), te ākona (0,93%), me ētahi atu hau iti ake pērā i te hauhā waro (CO2), te metana (CH4), me te hauota hauota (N2O). Ahakoa he iti noa iho te wāhanga o te āhuarangi e hangaia ana e ēnei hau kati kōtuhi, he mahi nui tā rātou ki te whakahaere i te pāmahana o te Ao.
He rite te mahi a ngā hau kati kōtuhi ki te paraikete e hipoki ana i te whenua. Ka mimiti, ka tukuna anō hoki e rātou te hihi whero-whero e tukuna ana e te mata o te whenua, ā, ka mau te wera ki te āhuarangi. E mōhiotia ana tēnei tukanga ko te pānga kati kōtuhi, ā, he tikanga taiao e āhei ai te whenua ki te pupuri i ngā pāmahana e tautoko ana i te ora.
2. Te whakanui ake i te kukū o te hau kati kōtuhi
Mai i te Huringa Ahumahi, kua piki ake te kukū o ngā hau kati kōtuhi i te āhuarangi nā ngā mahi a te tangata. Ko te tahunga o ngā wahie pūmua pērā i te waro, te hinu, me te hau māori mō te pūngao me te kawe waka te pūtake matua o ngā tukunga CO2. Ko te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere me te huringa whakamahinga whenua ka whai wāhi atu ki te pikinga o ngā kukū CO2.
Ko te methane, he hau kati kōtuhi kaha ake i te CO2, ka puta mai i ngā momo pūtake maha, tae atu ki te ahuwhenua (ina koa mai i te raihi me te kararehe), ngā ururua whenua, me te umanga hinu me te hau. Ka puta te hauota hauota mai i te whakamahinga o ngā maniua hauota i roto i te ahuwhenua me ētahi tukanga ahumahi.
3. Te Pānga Whare Katiariki Whakarei Ake
Nā te pikinga ake o ngā kukū hau kati kōtuhi kua whakanui ake i te pānga kati kōtuhi taiao, ka puta te mahana o te ao. I te pikinga ake o ēnei hau i te āhuarangi, ka nui ake te wera e mau ana, ka piki ake te pāmahana toharite o te ao. Nā tēnei mahana kua hua ake he huringa āhuarangi nui, tae atu ki te pikinga ake o te auau me te kaha o ngā āhuatanga huarere tino kino pērā i ngā ngaru wera, ngā awhiowhio, me ngā waipuke.
4. Urupare Pai i roto i te Pūnaha Āhuarangi
Ka puta hoki i te mahana o te ao ngā momo urupare pai e whakanui ake ana i te mahana tonu. Ko tētahi tauira ko te rewa o ngā taupoki hukapapa o te pito o te whenua. Ina rewa te hukapapa, ka whakakapia te mata kua kapi i te hukapapa i mua e whakaata ana i te hihi o te rā e te moana pouri ake, e mimiti ana i te wera. Nā tēnei ka rewa ake te hukapapa, ka tere ake te mahana.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea hoki e te mahana o te ao te whakanui ake i te tukunga o te methane mai i te rewa o te permafrost me te papa moana. Mā tēnei tukunga methane ka whakanui ake i te pānga kati kōtuhi, ka piki ake te mahana.
5. Te Pānga o te Huringa Āhuarangi
He maha ngā pānga kino o te mahana o te ao nā te pikinga ake o ngā hau kati kōtuhi i te āhuarangi ki te taiao me te oranga o te tangata. Ko ētahi o ngā pānga matua ko:
- Te Pikinga o te Taumata Moana: Ko te mahana o te ao kei te rewa te hukapapa me ngā awaawa o te pito o te whenua, tae atu ki te whānui haere o ngā wai o te moana. Nō reira, kei te piki haere ngā taumata o te moana, ā, kei te mōrearea ngā takutai moana me ngā moutere ririki.
- Ngā Huringa o ngā Tauira o te Huarere: Kei te huri te ua me ngā tauira pāmahana nā te mahana o te ao. Tērā pea ka pāngia ētahi wāhi e te tauraki kino rawa atu, ko ētahi atu ia ka pāngia e te pikinga o te ua me te waipuke.
- Pānga ki te Koiora Kanorau: Ka mōrearea ngā nohonga taiao me te kanorau koiora i te huringa āhuarangi. He maha ngā momo kararehe me ngā tipu e uaua ana ki te urutau ki ngā huringa pāmahana me ngā tauira huarere, ā, ka heke te taupori me te ngaro haere.
- Ngā Pānga ki te Ahuwhenua me te Haumarutanga Kai: Ka pāngia te hua ahuwhenua me te haumarutanga kai e te huringa āhuarangi. Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga tino kino o te rangi, pērā i te tauraki me te waipuke, te kino i ngā hua me te whakaiti i ngā hua.
6. Ngā Mahi Whakaiti me te Whakarerekētanga
Hei aro atu ki te mahana o te ao me ngā pānga o te huringa āhuarangi, me whai ngā mahi whakaiti me te urutau whānui. Ko te whāinga o te whakaiti he whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi me te whakaroa i te tere o te mahana o te ao, ko te urutau he aro ki te urutau ki te huringa āhuarangi e kore e taea te karo.
Ko ētahi o ngā mahi whakaiti i te pānga ka taea te mahi ko:
- Te Whakaiti i ngā Tukunga: Whakaitihia te whakamahinga o ngā wahie pūngoi, ka huri ki ngā pūtake pūngao hou pērā i te pūngao o te rā, te hau me te wai.
- Te Whakatō Ngāherehere: Te whakatō anō i ngā ngahere me te tiaki i ngā ngahere o nāianei hei whakanui ake i te mimiti o te CO2.
- Te Whai Hua o te Pūngao: Te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao i roto i ngā rāngai kawe waka, ahumahi me te hanga whare hei whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao me ngā tukunga.
- Auahatanga Hangarau: Te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau hou hei hopu me te penapena waro, me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga mai i ngā tukanga ahumahi.
Ko ngā mahi urutau ko:
- Te Whakamahere Hanganga: Te hoahoa me te hanga hanganga e ātete ana ki ngā huringa āhuarangi, pērā i ngā pūnaha waikeri pai ake hei whakatika i ngā waipuke me ngā whare kua hangaia hei ātete ki ngā pāmahana tino kino.
- Ahuwhenua Tauwhiro: Te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ahuwhenua tauwhiro ka taea te urutau ki ngā huringa āhuarangi, pērā i te kanorau o ngā hua me te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakamakuku whai hua.
- Te Whakahaere Rauemi Wai: Te whakahaere i ngā rauemi wai kia ora tonu ai hei whakatau i te tauraki me ngā tauira ua e huri haere ana.
7. Te Tūranga o te Hapori me ngā Takitahi
Haunga ngā mahi a te kāwanatanga me ngā umanga, he mahi nui anō tā ngā hapori me ngā tāngata takitahi ki te aro atu ki te whakamahana o te ao. Ka taea e te mōhiotanga me te mahi tahi te whai pānga nui. Ko ētahi o ngā mahi ka taea e te tangata takitahi te mahi ko:
- Te Whakaiti i te Tapuwae Waro: Whakaitihia te whakamahinga o te pūngao, whakamahia ngā waka a te iwi, ā, whiriwhiria ngā hua e pai ana ki te taiao.
- Te tautoko i ngā Kaupapahere Taiao: Tautoko i ngā kaupapa here me ngā kaupapa a te kāwanatanga e aro ana ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga me te tiaki i te taiao.
- Mātauranga me te Mōhiotanga: Whakaara ake i te mōhiotanga mō te huringa āhuarangi me te hiranga o ngā mahi whakaiti me te urutau mā te mātauranga me ngā kaupapa tūmatanui.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mahi a te āhuarangi ki te whakahaere i te pāmahana o Papatūānuku mā te pānga kati kōtuhi. Heoi, nā te pikinga ake o ngā kukū hau kati kōtuhi nā ngā mahi a te tangata kua kaha ake tēnei pānga, ka puta te mahana o te ao me te huringa āhuarangi. He whānui ngā pānga o ēnei huringa, e pā ana ki ngā pūnaha rauropi, te kanorau koiora, me te oranga o te tangata. Ko te aro atu ki tēnei wero me whakapau kaha ki te whakaiti me te urutau, me te whai wāhi kaha o ngā taumata katoa o te hapori. Mā ngā mahi tika, ka taea e tātou te whakaiti i ngā pānga kino o te mahana o te ao, me te waihanga i tētahi heke mai pumau ake.
