Ubukhona BobuKristu bukaKierkegaard: Ukuhlola
USøren Kierkegaard, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi uyise wobukhona bezinto, wakha ifilosofi exhumene kakhulu nemfundiso yenkolo yobuKristu. Indlela yakhe yayihlukile, ehlanganisa ubunzima bokuphenya ngezinto zezinto zezobukhona nokujula okungokomoya kobuKristu. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwaholela ekubeni khona kobuKristu, uhlaka olucabangela isimo somuntu, injongo, kanye nokubaluleka kokholo ngendlela ejulile yomuntu siqu neyokuzihlolisisa.
Umongo Wezomlando
USøren Aabye Kierkegaard wazalwa ngo-1813 eCopenhagen, eDenmark. Impilo yakhe yayiphawulwe ukuzindla okujulile komuntu siqu nangokomoya, okwakhuthazwa ubuhlobo bakhe obuyinkimbinkimbi noyise, ubudlelwano bakhe obuphukile noRegine Olsen, kanye nokulwa kwakhe nemikhuba yomphakathi. Lesi simo sangemuva sibeka isisekelo semibhalo yakhe yefilosofi ejulile nevame ukuba buhlungu. UKierkegaard wayephila esikhathini lapho ifilosofi kaHegelian yayibusa khona, imemezela umbono wezwe ohlelekile futhi ocishe ube nenjongo. Umcabango kaKierkegaard, ngezindlela eziningi, wawuyindlela yokusabela ngokumelene nalokhu kuhlelwa kokuphila nokholo.
Ukweqa Kokholo
Okubalulekile ku-Kierkegaard’s Christian existentialism umqondo “wokugxuma kokholo.” Ngokuphambene kakhulu ne-rationalism, efuna ukusekela inkolelo ebufakazini obubonakalayo noma ekuthathweni okunengqondo, uKierkegaard uthi ukholo lweqiniso luhilela impikiswano eyisisekelo. Uthi ubuKristu budinga ukukholelwa ezintweni ezingenangqondo—ezamukela izimfundiso eziphikisana nokuqonda nokuqonda kwabantu.
KuKierkegaard, ukholo aluyona nje into yokuvuma ngokwengqondo kodwa luyisibopho esishisekayo. Lokhu kugxuma kokholo kuhilela ingozi yomuntu siqu, ukuzinikela entweni engenakuqondwa ngokugcwele noma engafakazelwa yisizathu sodwa. Kuyindlela yokwenza izinqumo ezikhona, lapho umuntu ekhetha ukukholwa nokuzibophezela naphezu kokuntuleka kokuqiniseka okunengqondo.
Izigaba Zendlela Yokuphila
UKierkegaard uchaza izigaba ezintathu endleleni yokuphila: ubuhle, ukuziphatha, kanye nenkolo. Lezi zigaba zimelela izindlela ezahlukene zokuphila kanye nokuzibandakanya nokuphila.
1. Isigaba Sobuhle: Kulesi sigaba, abantu bafuna injabulo, ubuhle, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwemizwa. Ukuphila kubhekwa ngomqondo wokuzilibazisa, ovame ukuba phezulu lapho ukuphishekela izifiso zomuntu kuqala khona. Lesi sigaba sibonakala ngomuzwa wokushesha futhi ngokuvamile siholela ekudinweni noma ekuphelelweni yithemba ngenxa yemvelo yaso yesikhashana nengagcwaliseki.
2. Isigaba Sokuziphatha: Lapha, abantu baqala ukufuna ukuphila okuhlelekile, okuqondiswa yizimiso zomphakathi, imisebenzi, kanye nezibopho zokuziphatha. Isigaba sokuziphatha sihilela ukuzibophezela kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo kubo nakwabanye. Kodwa-ke, naso singaholela ekuphelelweni yithemba, njengoba sihluleka ukunikeza incazelo ephelele noma ukubhekana nemibuzo ejulile yokuphila.
3. Isigaba Senkolo: Isiphetho sentuthuko yokuphila kukaKierkegaard yisigaba senkolo, esiphawulwa ubuhlobo obujulile noNkulunkulu. Lesi sigaba sidlula kokubili ubuhle kanye nokuziphatha ngokwamukela ukholo. Sidinga ukuzinikela ngokuphelele kuNkulunkulu kanye nokwamukelwa kwezimfundiso zobuKristu, ngisho noma zingavumelani noma zingaphezu kokuqonda okunengqondo.
Umqondo Wokuphelelwa Yithemba
Ukuphelelwa yithemba kungenye isisekelo somcabango kaKierkegaard, awubheka njengengxenye ebalulekile yesimo somuntu. Uhlola lo mqondo ngokujulile encwadini ethi “The Sickness Unto Death.” Ukuphelelwa yithemba, kuKierkegaard, kuvela ekungaxhumani phakathi komuntu siqu kanye nesici saphakade somuntu siqu—ubuhlobo bakhe noNkulunkulu. Ukhomba izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuphelelwa yithemba, kusukela ekungazini lobu buhlobo noNkulunkulu siqu kuya ekwenqabeni ukubumukela.
KuKierkegaard, ukunqoba ukuphelelwa yithemba kungenzeka ngesigaba senkolo lapho umuntu eqaphela khona ukuthembela kwakhe kuNkulunkulu futhi amukele ubuyena bakhe bangempela. Lokhu kuqaphela kudinga ukugxuma kokholo nokwamukela ubuntu bakhe maqondana nobuNkulunkulu, okuholela esimweni sokuthula kanye nobumina bangempela.
Ukuxhumana Okungaqondile kanye Nombhali Ongelona Igama
UKiekegaard wayeqaphela kahle ukuthi amaqiniso akhona awaqondakali, okwamholela ekusebenziseni indlela yokuxhumana ngokungaqondile. Wayevame ukubhala ngamagama angewona awangempela ahlukahlukene, ngalinye limelela imibono nezigaba zokuphila ezahlukene. Le ndlela yavumela abafundi ukuba bahlanganyele ngokujulile nemibono yakhe, ibaphonsela inselelo yokuba babhekane nemibuzo yokuphila mathupha kunokuthola izimpendulo ngokuzibophezela.
Ukusebenzisa kwakhe amagama angafanele kukhombisa nobunzima kanye nesimo esibanzi sokuphila kwabantu. Kukhuthaza abafundi ukuthi badlule emisebenzini yakhe futhi bahlole izigaba nezindlela ezahlukene zokucabanga ezimelelwa yila mazwi ahlukene.
Umuntu Ngamunye Nesixuku
Ukugcizelela kukaKierkegaard ekuziphatheni komuntu ngamunye kuphambene kakhulu nomqondo wobumbano wesikhathi sakhe. Wayegxeka ukunyakaza kwabantu abaningi kanye nokuthambekela kokulahlekelwa yikho esixukwini. UKiekegaard wayekholelwa ukuthi ukholo lweqiniso kanye nobuqiniso bokuphila kungabonakala kuphela ngomongo wokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu ngamunye kanye nokwenza izinqumo zomuntu siqu.
Waphikisana ngokuthi isixuku sikhuthaza ubuncane futhi sinciphisa umthwalo wemfanelo womuntu siqu. Ngakho-ke, uhambo lokuphila luwukuphela komuntu, lapho umuntu ngamunye ebizelwa khona ukubhekana nezinkinga zakhe zokuphila, enze izinqumo zangempela, futhi axhumane noNkulunkulu ezingeni lomuntu siqu elijulile.
Ukubaluleka Komcabango KaKierkegaard Namuhla
Ubukhona bukaKierkegaard bobuKristu busalokhu bubaluleke kakhulu enkulumweni yanamuhla. Enkathini ephawulwe ukungaqiniseki, ukuhlobana kwezinto, kanye nokukhathazeka ngokuba khona kwezinto, ukugcizelela kwakhe ukholo lomuntu siqu, ukuphila kwangempela, kanye nokulwa nokuphelelwa yithemba kokuba khona kwezinto kuzwakala ngokujulile.
Inselelo yakhe yokwamukela ukwenyuka kokholo phakathi kokungabaza kanye nokudideka iyaqhubeka nokuphefumulela labo abafuna incazelo ngale kwemingcele yokucabanga kanye nokuqiniseka okubonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola kwakhe ubuwena, ubuntu, kanye nesimo somuntu kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngobunzima bempilo yanamuhla.
Isiphetho
Imfundiso kaKierkegaard yobuKristu iyifilosofi ecebile, enezinhlangothi eziningi emema abantu ukuba baqale uhambo olujulile lokholo kanye nokuzitholela. Iphonsela inselelo okholwayo ukuthi abhekane nezimpikiswano zokuphila, amukele isinyathelo sokholo, futhi athole incazelo ngobuhlobo bangempela noNkulunkulu. Ngokwenza kanjalo, uKierkegaard akagcinanga nje ngokubeka izisekelo zomcabango wobukhona kodwa futhi wanikeza indlela eya ekuphileni kobuKristu bangempela eqhubeka nokukhuthaza nokuvusa umcabango kuze kube namuhla.
