Ukuqonda Ukushisa Okucashile
Uma ufaka i-thermometer ye-mercury esitsheni esiqukethe ingxube yamanzi abandayo neqhwa, uzobona ukuthi ngemva kokuhamba phansi, ubuso be-mercury bumile noma abushukumi. Ubuso be-mercury buyayeka ukuhamba ngemva kokufinyelela endaweni yokuncibilika kwamanzi noma endaweni yokubanda kwamanzi (0 o C). Uma isitsha sivuliwe, ukushisa kugeleza kusuka emoyeni ekushiseni okuphezulu kuya engxubeni yeqhwa namanzi ekushiseni okuphansi. Ukushisa okwengeziwe okuvela emoyeni kubangela ukuthi iqhwa lincibilike. Njengoba iqhwa lincibilika, ingabe izinga lokushisa lengxube yeqhwa namanzi liyashintsha? Njengoba iqhwa lincibilika, izinga lokushisa lengxube yamanzi neqhwa alishintshi.
Uma ingxube yeqhwa namanzi ifudunyezwa kusetshenziswa umlilo noma i-heater kagesi, isibonelo, lonke iqhwa liphenduka amanzi. Uma liqhubeka nokufudunyezwa, izinga lokushisa lamanzi liyakhuphuka lize lifike ku-100 o C. Lapho izinga lokushisa liyi-100 o C, amanzi aqala ukuhwamuka. Uma ilangabi likhula noma amanzi eqhubeka nokufudunyezwa, amanzi aphenduka ngokushesha abe umusi, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingashintshi noma lihlala ku-100 o C. Leli izinga lokubila lamanzi, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu amanzi angalifinyelela.
Igrafu yobudlelwano phakathi kokushisa kanye noshintsho lokushisa kanye noshintsho esimweni samanzi.
AB = Ukushisa okwengeziwe kwandisa izinga lokushisa leqhwa libe ngu-0 oC
BC = Ukushisa okwengeziwe ukuze kuncibilikiswe iqhwa emanzini
I-CD = Ukushisa okwengeziwe kwandisa izinga lokushisa lamanzi kusuka ku-0 oC kuya ku-100 oC
DE = Ukushisa okwengeziwe ukuze amanzi aphele
EF = Ukushisa okwengeziwe kwandisa izinga lokushisa lomusi
Igrafu engenhla ikhombisa inqubo yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kanye noshintsho esimweni samanzi lapho emunca ukushisa (ngomfutho womoya womoya ongu-1). Uma amanzi ekhipha ukushisa , inqubo eyenzekayo iphambene nenqubo engenhla (umcibisholo uhlehlisiwe). Ukwengezwa kokushisa okuvela ku-B - C akubangeli ushintsho ekushiseni kwamanzi kodwa kuncibilikisa iqhwa libe ngamanzi kuphela. Ngokufanayo, ukwengezwa kokushisa okuvela ku-D - E akubangeli ushintsho ekushiseni kwamanzi kodwa kushintsha amanzi abe umusi kuphela. Amanzi ayisibonelo esisodwa nje. Ngokuyisisekelo, zonke izinto zizobhekana nenqubo yokushintsha kwesimo kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa njengamanzi, lapho into imunca ukushisa. Umehluko usephuzwini lokubanda kanye nephuzwini lokubanda. Into ngayinye inephuzwini lokubanda elihlukile kanye nephuzwi lokubanda. Uma into ikhipha ukushisa, inqubo eyenzekayo iphambene nenqubo engenhla.
Ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa (L)F)
Ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa inani lokushisa elimuncwa yi-1 kg yento ukushintsha isimo sayo kusuka kokuqinile kuya kokumanzi noma ukushisa okukhishwe yi-1 kg yento ukushintsha isimo sayo kusuka kokuqinile kuya kokuqinile. Ifomula yokunquma inani lokushisa okumuncwayo (noma okukhishwe) ukushintsha isimo sento kusuka kokuqinile kuya kokumanzi (noma okumanzi kuya kokuqinile):
Q = m LF
Incazelo: Q = ukushisa okumuncwayo noma okukhishwe, m = isisindo sento, LF = ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa (F = Fusion).
Ukushisa ngomusi (L)V)
Ukushisa ngomusi inani lokushisa elimuncwa yi-1 kg yento ukushintsha isimo sayo kusuka kuketshezi kuya kugesi noma ukushisa okukhishwe yi-1 kg yento ukushintsha isimo sayo kusuka kugesi kuya kuketshezi. Ifomula yokunquma inani lokushisa okumuncwayo (noma okukhishwe) ukushintsha isimo sento kusuka kuketshezi kuya kugesi (noma igesi kuya kuketshezi):
Q = m LV
Incazelo: Q = ukushisa okumuncwayo noma okukhishwe, m = isisindo sento, LV = ukushisa komusi (V = Vukupholisa)
Ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa kanye nokushisa komoya kubizwa ngokuthi ukushisa okucashile.
Into ngayinye inephuzu lokuncibilika elihlukile kanye nephuzu lokubila elihlukile. Ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa kanye nokushisa kokuhwamuka kwento ngayinye nakho kuhlukile.
Ireferensi