Inqubo Yokwenza Umquba Ovela Kudoti Ongokwemvelo
Umquba uwumphumela wokubola kwezinto eziphilayo ezifana nezinsalela zokudla, amaqabunga omile, utshani, kanye nomquba wezilwane yizinto eziphilayo ezincane. Le nqubo iguqula imfucuza eyayibhekwa njengengenamsebenzi ngaphambili ibe umanyolo wemvelo ocebile ngezakhamzimba futhi owusizo ekuthuthukiseni isakhiwo somhlabathi. Phakathi kokwanda kwenani lemfucuza yasekhaya kanye nezinkinga zokungcola kwemvelo, ukwenza umquba ngemfucuza yemvelo kuyisisombululo esilula nesingabizi esingenziwa yinoma ubani, kungaba ekhaya, esikoleni, noma emphakathini. Ngokufaka umquba emfucumfucwini wemvelo, singanciphisa umthwalo ezindaweni zokulahla udoti (TPA), sinciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okuvela emfucumfucwini obolayo ongalawuleki, futhi sikhiqize umanyolo ophephile ezitshalweni.
Kungani Imfucuza Yemvelo Idinga Ukwenziwa Umquba?
Iningi lemfucuza yasekhaya liqukethe izinto eziphilayo , ikakhulukazi izingcezu zemifino nezithelo, izingcezu zekhofi, amagobolondo amaqanda, kanye nezingcezu zokudla. Uma zilahlwa endaweni yokulahla udoti, imfucuza yemvelo izobola ngaphandle kwe-oxygen (ngaphandle kwe-oxygen) futhi ikhiqize igesi ye-methane, okubangela ukufudumala komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvuza kwemfucuza kungangcolisa inhlabathi kanye nemithombo yamanzi uma kungaphathwa kahle . Ukwenza umquba kuguqula inqubo yokubola ibe ukubola kwe-aerobic (nge-oxygen), okwenza kube nobungane kakhulu nemvelo futhi kukhiqize umkhiqizo wokugcina obalulekile.
Umquba uphinde usize ekuthuthukiseni ukuvunda kwenhlabathi. Inhlabathi evundisiwe ivame ukuba buthakathaka, igcine amanzi kangcono, futhi ibonise umsebenzi ophezulu wamagciwane. Lokhu kubalulekile ezitshalweni zasegadini, ekulimeni okungokwemvelo, kanye nasekutshaleni imifino emadolobheni.
Ukulungiswa Kwezinto Ezisetshenziswayo Namathuluzi
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinto ezifanele. Izinto zomquba ngokuvamile zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:
1. Izinto eziluhlaza (ezicebile nge-nitrogen): imfucuza yemifino nezithelo, utshani obusha, ikhofi, itiye, ilayisi elisele, kanye nomquba wezilwane (ngokunakekela).
2. Izinto ezinsundu (ezicebile ngekhabhoni): amaqabunga omile, amagatsha amancane, uthuli lwesarha, iphepha elingenayinki eningi, ikhadibhodi, kanye namakhoba elayisi.
Ibhalansi yekhabhoni ne-nitrogen ithonya kakhulu izinga lokwenza umquba. Ngokuvamile, ingxube ekahle ingaba izingxenye ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3 zezinto ezinsundu kuya kwengxenye eyodwa yezinto eziluhlaza.
Amathuluzi adingekayo alula kakhulu: isitsha somquba (okungaba ibhakede, umphongolo, ubhasikidi womquba, noma umgodi emhlabathini), ithuluzi lokuxuba (igeja elincane noma induku yokhuni), kanye nesembozo sokugcina umswakama nokuvimbela izinambuzane. Ukuze usheshise inqubo, ungasebenzisa i-activator efana ne-EM4, i-MOL (ama-microorganisms endawo), noma i-compost starter.
Izigaba Zenqubo Yokwenza Umquba
1. Ukuhlela Nokunquma Udoti
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlela imfucuza yemvelo evela Imfucuza engaphili njengepulasitiki, ingilazi, nensimbi. Ukuhlunga kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa komquba. Ngemva kwalokho, izinto eziphilayo kufanele zinqunywe zibe yizicucu ezincane. Izicucu ezincane zandisa indawo engaphezulu kwezinto, okwenza kube lula ukuthi izinto eziphilayo zibole, futhi inqubo yokwenza umquba izoshesha.
2. Lungisa Isitsha Somquba noma Indawo
Ibhokisi lomquba lingabekwa egcekeni noma ekhoneni lengadi elingachayelwanga imvula eqondile. Uma usebenzisa ibhakede noma ibhakede, qiniseka ukuthi kunezimbobo ezincane zokujikeleza komoya. Umquba udinga umoya-mpilo ukuze ubole, ukhiphe umquba ongenaphunga, futhi uvuthwe ngokushesha.
Uma usebenzisa indlela yokufaka imbobo emhlabathini, khetha indawo enokukhipha amanzi kahle. Imbobo akudingeki ibe julile kakhulu; into ebalulekile ukuthi ingangena ezintweni eziphilayo futhi kulula ukuyixuba.
3. Ukuhlelwa Kwezingqimba Zezinto
Ukuvundisa kwenziwa ngokuhlela izinto zibe yizingqimba. Ingqimba engezansi ivame ukuba yizinto eziqinile njengezinti ezincane noma amaqabunga omile ukuze kube lula ukujikeleza komoya. Okulandelayo, engeza izinto eziluhlaza, bese umboza ngezinto ezinsundu. Le ndlela ingaphindaphindwa kuze kube yilapho isitsha sesigcwele.
Ungqimba olunsundu lunciphisa iphunga, lumunca amanzi angaphezulu avela ekudleni okulahliwe, futhi lulinganisela amazinga e-nitrogen. Izinto eziluhlaza kakhulu zingenza umquba ube manzi futhi unuke; izinto ezinsundu eziningi kakhulu zingoma futhi zinciphise ukubola.
4. Gcina Umswakama
Umswakama ofanele womquba uphakathi kuka-50–60%, noma empeleni, uzwakala njengesiponji esiphumile: umanzi kodwa awuconsi. Uma womile kakhulu, amagciwane ngeke asebenze. Uma umanzi kakhulu, umoya ngeke ungene, futhi umquba uzoba yi-anaerobic, ukhiqize iphunga elibi.
Uma umquba womile, engeza amanzi anele noma izinto eziluhlaza. Uma kumanzi kakhulu, engeza amaqabunga omile, amakhoba, noma iphepha/ikhadibhodi bese uxuba ukuze kube nezimbobo eziningi.
5. Umoya kanye nokuxubha
Ukuxuba kusiza ukungenisa umoya-mpilo, kusabalalisa ukushisa ngokulinganayo, futhi kuvimbela izindawo ezithile ukuthi zibole ngaphandle komoya. Esikalini sasekhaya, umquba kufanele uxutshwe njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-3-7. Ekuqaleni kwenqubo, izinga lokushisa livame ukwenyuka ngenxa yomsebenzi wamagciwane, futhi lingase lizizwe lifudumele noma lishisa. Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi inqubo iqhubeka kahle.
Uma umquba unuka kakhulu, ngokuvamile kungenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo noma umswakama omningi. Isixazululo ukuwuxuba kaningi bese ufaka izinto ezinsundu.
6. Inqubo Yokuhlakaza Nokuqapha
Emasontweni ambalwa, izinto eziphilayo zishintsha kancane kancane isimo sazo. Umbala uzoba mnyama, ivolumu izoncipha, futhi ukuthungwa kuzoba lukhuni kakhulu. Uma usebenzisa i-activator, umquba ungavuthwa emavikini ama-3-6, kuye ngezithako, ubukhulu bezingcezu, kanye nokuqina kokuxuba. Ngaphandle kwe-activator, kungathatha izinyanga ezi-2-3 noma ngaphezulu.
Ezinye izinkomba okufanele ziqashwe:
– Izinga lokushisa: lifudumele ekuqaleni, bese liyancipha njengoba lisondela ekuvuthweni.
– Iphunga: kufanele iphunga njengomhlaba, hhayi ukubola.
– Umswakama: akumanzi kakhulu futhi akumile kakhulu.
– Izinambuzane: vala isitsha ngokuqinile futhi ugweme ukufaka inyama, amafutha nokudla okunamafutha kuso.
7. Ukuvuthwa Nokuhlunga
Kuthiwa umquba usuvuthiwe uma:
– Umbala usuka konsundu omnyama kuya komnyama,
– Ukuthungwa kwayo kufana nomhlabathi,
– Isimo sokuqala sezinto asisabonakali,
– Kunuka njengenhlabathi yehlathi,
– Akushisi uma kubanjwa.
Uma isivuthiwe, umquba ungafakwa emoyeni izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze uzinze. Ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle, umquba ungahlungwa. Noma yiziphi izingxenye eziqinile zingabuyiselwa enqwabeni njengento yokuqala.
Izithako Okufanele Uzigweme
Akuzona zonke imfucuza yemvelo efaneleka ukwenza umquba ekhaya. Ezinye izinto okungafanele zifakwe zifaka:
– Inyama, amathambo, inhlanzi (mema izimpukane namagundane),
– Ukudla okunamafutha nokunamafutha,
– Indle yezilwane ezifuywayo njengekati nezinja (izifo ezingaba khona),
– Izitshalo ziyagula noma zithinteke kakhulu yisikhunta,
– Imfucuza exutshwe nepulasitiki noma amakhemikhali.
Ukusetshenziswa komquba
Umquba ungasetshenziswa ngezinhloso ezahlukene: njengengxube yokumba izimbiza, umanyolo oyisisekelo engadini, isimbozo senhlabathi (umquba), noma njengento yokuthuthukisa inhlabathi eqinile, engenampilo. Indlela ejwayelekile yokusebenzisa iwukuxuba umquba nenhlabathi ngesilinganiso esingu-1:3 noma ngokwezidingo zesitshalo. Ukusetshenziswa njalo kuzothuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlabathi futhi kunciphise ukuncika kumanyolo. kumanyolo wamakhemikhali.
I-Penutup
Inqubo yokwenza umquba wemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo iyisinyathelo esiqinile ekuphathweni kwemfucuza okusimeme. Ngokuhlela imfucuza, ukulinganisela izinto eziluhlaza nezinsundu, ukugcina umswakama, kanye nokuvuselela njalo inqwaba yomquba, noma ubani angakhiqiza umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo osezingeni eliphezulu kusuka ezingcezu zasekhishini nasegadini. Ngaphandle kokusiza imvelo, lo msebenzi uphinde unikeze izinzuzo zezomnotho nezemfundo, ikakhulukazi emindenini nasemiphakathini, okukhuthaza ukuqwashisa okukhulu ngomjikelezo wemvelo. Ukwenza umquba wemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo akugcini nje ngokunciphisa imfucuza kodwa futhi kubuyisela izakhamzimba enhlabathini. umhlaba wokuphila kunempilo.
