Ithonya Lefilosofi YamaGreki Asendulo
Ifilosofi yasendulo yamaGreki ibe nethonya elikhulu ezicini ezahlukene zokuphila kwabantu. Kusukela ku-Aristotle kuya ku-Socrates, ifilosofi yamaGreki ishiye uphawu olungenakucimeka emlandweni wemicabango yethu. Leli thonya lijulile kangangokuthi liyaqhubeka lisetshenziswa futhi liguqulwa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene namuhla. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngethonya lefilosofi yasendulo yamaGreki ezindaweni eziningana ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa isayensi, ukuziphatha, ezombusazwe kanye nemfundo.
Ithonya Kwezesayensi
Elinye lamathonya amakhulu efilosofi yamaGreki yasendulo lalikhona emkhakheni wesayensi. Izazi zefilosofi zamaGreki zivame ukubhekwa njengezingqalabutho ezindleleni zesayensi nezokucwaninga ezisebenzisa ukucabanga okunengqondo. Isibonelo, uThales uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi isazi sefilosofi sokuqala ngenxa yemizamo yakhe yokuchaza izenzakalo zemvelo ngaphandle kokubhekisela ezinganekwaneni. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokususa kanye nezindlela zokungenisa, eziyisisekelo sendlela yesayensi yesimanje, kungalandelwa emuva ezimfundisweni zika-Aristotle. Encwadini yakhe ethi "Organon," u-Aristotle wachaza imithetho ye-logic eyaba yisisekelo sezifundo zesayensi.
UPlato, umfundi kaSocrates, naye waba negalelo elikhulu emcabangweni wesayensi, ikakhulukazi ezibalweni nasejiyometri. I-Academy ayisungula yaba yisikhungo sokutadisha nokuthuthukisa izibalo. Imibono kaPlato mayelana nomhlaba wemibono noma "Amafomu" kanye nomhlaba wangempela yaba yisisekelo socwaningo oluningi lwefilosofi nolwesayensi olwalandela. Imicabango yamaGreki kamuva yahunyushwa ngesi-Arabhu yizazi zamaSulumane ngesikhathi seNkathi Yegolide YamaSulumane, futhi ekugcineni yahunyushwa ngesiLatini ngesikhathi seNkathi Ephakathi YaseYurophu, okuvuselela isithakazelo sokufunda ngesayensi.
Ithonya Ekuziphatheni Okuhle
Emkhakheni wokuziphatha, ifilosofi yasendulo yamaGreki yayinikeza isiqondiso sokuziphatha esisasetshenziswa nanamuhla. USocrates wayengomunye wabantu abanethonya kakhulu kulo mkhakha. Ngendlela ye-dialectic, noma "ingxoxo yeSocrates ," wafundisa ukuthi iqiniso lingafinyelelwa ngempikiswano evulekile nebambisene. USocrates wayekholelwa ukuthi ubuhle buwulwazi, kanti ububi bumane buwumphumela wokungazi. Lesi simiso sakha isisekelo semibono eminingana yesimanje yokuziphatha .
UPlato waqhubeka nezimfundiso zikaSocrates ngokubhala kabanzi ngobulungiswa, ubuhle, kanye nenhlalakahle ezingxoxweni zakhe ezifana nethi "The Republic." Kulapha lapho uPlato wethula khona umqondo wombuso ofanele oholwa "amakhosi efilosofi." Lo mbono uphefumulele izinhlobo ezahlukene zemfundiso yezepolitiki kanye neyokuziphatha kuze kube namuhla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Aristotle wethula umqondo we-"eudaimonia," noma injabulo, njengomgomo oyinhloko wokuphila komuntu, ongafinyelelwa ngobuhle kanye nesenzo esihle. Lokhu kwakha isisekelo somqondo wokuziphatha okuhle , ohlala unethonya enkulumweni yokuziphatha namuhla.
Ithonya Kwezepolitiki
Ifilosofi yamaGreki nayo yaba negalelo elikhulu emcabangweni wezepolitiki. UPlato no-Aristotle babhala kabanzi ngezepolitiki, umbuso, kanye nobuholi. Ku-"The Republic," uPlato wethula umbono wakhe wombuso ofanele oholwa amakhosi ahlakaniphile efilosofi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ku-"Politics," u-Aristotle wahlola izinhlelo ezahlukene zikahulumeni ezazikhona ngesikhathi sakhe futhi waphakamisa uhlobo oluxubile lukahulumeni olucabangela izintshisekelo zomphakathi.
Lezi zimiso zakha isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwenkolelo-mbono yezepolitiki eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Isibonelo, imibono yama-republic kanye nentando yeningi ekhululekile eyathuthuka ngesikhathi sokuKhanyiselwa yathonywa kakhulu ukutadisha ifilosofi yezepolitiki yamaGreki. Imibono efana nobulungiswa, amalungelo omuntu ngamunye, kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezepolitiki konke kungalandelelwa emuva emcabangweni kaPlato no-Aristotle. Ngisho noMthethosisekelo wase-United States unezimpawu zomcabango wezepolitiki ka-Aristotle, ikakhulukazi ekusungulweni kwawo kohlelo lukahulumeni olulinganiselayo olunezinhluko zamandla.
Ithonya Kwezemfundo
Elinye lamafa ahlala njalo efilosofi yamaGreki yasendulo lisemfundweni. UPlato wasungula i-Academy, enye yezikhungo zemfundo ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni waseNtshonalanga, kanti u-Aristotle wasungula i-Lyceum. Zombili lezi zikhungo zasebenza njengezibonelo zemfundo ephakeme emhlabeni jikelele. Izindlela zokufundisa ezigcizelela ingxoxo, impikiswano, kanye nengxoxo esebenzayo phakathi kothisha nomfundi zase zivele zikhona e-Plato's Academy kanye nase-Aristotle's Lyceum, futhi lezi zindlela zisasetshenziswa emihlanganweni yanamuhla yaseyunivesithi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqondo wemfundo yobuciko obukhululekile, ogcizelela ukuthuthukiswa kwabalingiswa kanye namakhono okucabanga ngokujulile, nawo usuka kwifilosofi yamaGreki. Izifundo ezifana nokucabanga, ukukhuluma, kanye nokuziphatha, okuyingxenye yekharikhulamu yemfundo ephakeme emanyuvesi amaningi namuhla, zonke zivela emasikweni amaGreki.
Ithonya Kwezobuciko Nezincwadi
Ifilosofi yamaGreki nayo yathonya ubuciko nezincwadi ngezindlela eziningi. UPlato no-Aristotle babhala kabanzi ngobuhle, behlola imiqondo efana nobuhle nobuciko. I-"Poetics" ka-Aristotle yayingomunye wemisebenzi yokuqala yokuxoxa ngemibono yedrama nezinkondlo, inikeza isiqondiso ngokuhlaziywa kwezindaba kanye nesakhiwo sezindaba esisasetshenziswa nanamuhla ezifundweni zezincwadi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imidlalo yamaGriki yabalobi abanjengoSophocles, Aeschylus, no-Euripides yayisekelwe ezindikimbeni nasezimisweni eziningi ezivela kwifilosofi yamaGreki. Imibuzo yekusasa, inkululeko yokuzikhethela, ukuziphatha, kanye nokuziphatha okwaphakanyiswa kule midlalo yayibonisa ukucabanga kwefilosofi ngaleso sikhathi.
Isiphetho
Kusukela kwisayensi kuya kwezemfundo, ifilosofi yasendulo yamaGreki yadlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni izisekelo zomcabango kanye nokwenza esikuthatha kalula namuhla. Abantu abanjengoSocrates, uPlato, no-Aristotle bashiye ifa elihlala njalo lobuhlakani elisavuselela ingxoxo nocwaningo. Izindlela zokucabanga kanye nokucabanga abazethulayo zisebenza njengesisekelo sendlela yesayensi yesimanje, kuyilapho izimiso zabo zokuziphatha kanye nezepolitiki ziqhubeka nokukhuthaza. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda ithonya lefilosofi yasendulo yamaGreki kuyisihluthulelo sokuqonda izici eziningi eziyisisekelo zomhlaba wethu wanamuhla.
