Incazelo Yokuphila Ku-Existentialism I-Existentialism iyisikole sefilosofi esithakazelisayo nesiyinkimbinkimbi. Igxila esenzweni somuntu ngamunye, inkululeko, kanye nezinqumo esizenzayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ukuvela kwale filosofi kwathonywa kakhulu yizimo zomlando nezenhlalo, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, lapho abantu abaningi bebhekene nenkinga yencazelo… Funda kabanzi
I-Anarchism kanye neFilosofi Yezepolitiki I-Anarchism iyisiko lomcabango wezepolitiki okhuthaza umphakathi ongenahulumeni—lapho ubudlelwano bezenhlalo bakhelwe khona ezimisweni zenkululeko yokuzithandela, ukubambisana, kanye nobunye. Lisuselwa egameni lesiGreki elithi "anarchos," elisho "ngaphandle komholi," i-anarchism ivame ukungaqondwa kahle njengegama elifanayo nesiphithiphithi noma umthetho wehlathi. Ngokwefilosofi yezepolitiki, i-anarchism… Funda kabanzi
Ubukhona kanye Nokungaqondakali Kokuphila Ubukhona buyisikole sefilosofi esavela eYurophu ngekhulu lama-20, sigcizelela ukubaluleka komuntu ngamunye, inkululeko, kanye nokwenza izinqumo zomuntu siqu ekunikezeni incazelo empilweni yomuntu. Izazi zefilosofi zalesi sikole, njengoJean-Paul Sartre, u-Albert Camus, noFriedrich Nietzsche, zigcizelele ukuthi impilo ayinayo incazelo engokwemvelo, nokuthi abantu banikezwa inkululeko... Funda kabanzi
I-Postmodernism kanye Nokugxekwa Kokucabanga Okunengqondo Isingeniso I-Postmodernism iyisikole sokucabanga esaqala ukuthola ukunakwa kabanzi maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 futhi sesingene emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengobuciko, izakhiwo, izincwadi, kanye nefilosofi. Ngokuvamile, i-postmodernism iyimpendulo futhi, ngezindlela eziningi, ukugxekwa kwe-modernism, okubonakala ngokukholelwa ekuqondeni, inqubekela phambili eqondile, kanye nokungakhethi kwesayensi. … Funda kabanzi
Ukubaluleka Kokucabanga Okunengqondo Ekucabangeni Okubucayi Emphakathini wanamuhla ogcwele ulwazi oluvela emithonjeni eyahlukene, amakhono okucabanga okubucayi asebaluleke kakhulu. Ukucabanga okubucayi kwenza umuntu akwazi ukuhlaziya ulwazi ngokujulile, anqume ukunemba kwamaqiniso, futhi enze izinqumo ngokusekelwe ekucabangeni okucacile. Ngaphakathi kwenqubo yokucabanga okubucayi, enye yezingxenye eziyinhloko ezi… Funda kabanzi
Ubuciko Nobuhle Ngokusho Kwefilosofi Ubuciko bungenye yezici eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nezinomqondo ohlukile empilweni yomuntu futhi buvame ukubhekwa njengento evelele yokuveza ubuntu bokudala. Nakuba wonke umuntu engase abe nokuqonda okunembile kokuthi kusho ukuthini "ubuciko", ukuchaza nokuqonda ubuciko kumongo obanzi kudinga ukuhlolwa okujulile ngokombono wefilosofi. … Funda kabanzi
Ithiyori Yolwazi Eyimfihlakalo Isingeniso Ulwazi lomuntu luwumphumela wokuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezici ezahlukene zokuphila, kusukela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwansuku zonke kuya kokutholakala kwesayensi okuyinkimbinkimbi. Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuqonda ukuthi ulwazi luthuthukiswa kanjani ngokusebenzisa ithiyori yolwazi eyiqiniso. Le thiyori igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlangenwe nakho kwezinzwa njengesisekelo salo lonke ulwazi. Ngamanye amazwi, ulwazi kuthiwa lutholakala… Funda kabanzi
Izizathu Zobukhona Bekhulu Lama-20 Ubukhona bekhulu lama-20 buyinto yefilosofi eye yaheha isithakazelo esikhulu kubacabangi kanye nabasebenzi bamasiko. Njengesikole sefilosofi esigxile ekubeni khona komuntu ngamunye njengesiqalo saso, ubukhona bemvelo buthi ukuba khona komuntu kwandulela ingqikithi noma iqiniso elinqunyiwe. Lesi sikole sachuma engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, kanye nezinxushunxushu zomphakathi… Funda kabanzi
Ubukhona BobuKristu bukaKierkegaard: Umbono Ojulile Wefilosofi Ubukhona Bobuntu buyisikole sefilosofi esigcizelela ukuba khona komuntu ngamunye, inkululeko yomuntu siqu, ukukhetha, kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo. Enye yezinhlobo ezithinta kakhulu nezijulile zobukhona bobuntu ubukhona bobuKristu, eyathuthukiswa yisazi sefilosofi saseDenmark uSøren Kierkegaard. UKierkegaard, ovame ukubhekwa “njengoBaba Wobukhona Bobuntu,” wabheka ukuba khona komuntu ngeso lengqondo… Funda kabanzi
USchopenhauer kanye neFilosofi Yentando U-Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860) wayengomunye wezazi zefilosofi ezibaluleke kakhulu zekhulu le-19. Umcabango wakhe wathonya kakhulu imikhakha eyahlukene, kusukela kufilosofi kanye nesayensi yezengqondo kuya kwezobuciko kanye nezincwadi. Omunye wemibono eyinhloko kufilosofi yakhe umqondo "wentando," osebenza njengesisekelo kanye nesikhungo sayo yonke inkolelo-mbono yakhe ye-metaphysical. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ifilosofi kaSchopenhauer yentando ngokujulile, uchungechunge... Funda kabanzi