I-Anarchism kanye nefilosofi yezepolitiki

I-Anarchism kanye neFilosofi Yezepolitiki

I-Anarchism iyisiko lomcabango wezepolitiki okhuthaza umphakathi ongenahulumeni—lapho ubudlelwano bezenhlalo bakhelwe phezu kwezimiso zenkululeko yokuzithandela, ukubambisana, kanye nobunye. Igama elithi anarchism livela egameni lesiGreki elithi “anarchos,” elisho ukuthi “ngaphandle komholi,” i-anarchism ivame ukungaqondwa kahle njengegama elifanayo nesiphithiphithi noma umthetho wehlathi. Ngokwefilosofi yezepolitiki, i-anarchism inikeza ukugxekwa okukhulu kwezinhlelo zokulandelana kanye nezobushiqela futhi iphakamisa ezinye izindlela ezibeka phambili inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye kanye nokulingana.

Imvelaphi Nomlando We-Anarchism

1. I-Anarchism Yakudala:

I-Anarchism njengenhlangano yezepolitiki yaqala ukubonakala ngekhulu le-19. Abantu abanjengoPierre-Joseph Proudhon, uMikhail Bakunin, noPeter Kropotkin babengamaphayona alo mbono. UProudhon udume ngombono wakhe wokuthi “impahla iyisela,” ukugxekwa kobunikazi obuzimele obuxhaphaza abasebenzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uBakunin waziwa kakhulu ngokwenqaba kwakhe zonke izinhlobo zegunya likahulumeni kanye nokuzama kwakhe ukuxhumanisa i-anarchism nenhlangano yabasebenzi. UKropotkin wanezela isici sesayensi embonweni wakhe we-anarcho-communist, owawukhuthaza ukuqedwa kwempahla kahulumeni kanye neyangasese, wayifaka esikhundleni semiphakathi ezimele yokubambisana ngokuzithandela.

2. I-Anarchism Ekhulwini Lama-20:

Ekhulwini lama-20, i-anarchism yashintsha ngezindlela ezahlukene. ESpain, ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango ka-1936-1939, i-anarchism yafinyelela esicongweni sayo ngokuhlola kwezenhlalo okuvukelayo ngendlela yokuhlanganisa imboni kanye nezolimo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi esifanayo, abantu abanjengo-Emma Goldman no-Alexander Berkman badlala indima ebalulekile ekusakazeni imibono ye-anarchist e-United States. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhula kobufashisti kanye nobukhomanisi bobushiqela, inhlangano ye-anarchist yehla.

Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zobu-Anarchism

1. Ukulwa Nobushiqela:

I-Anarchism iphikisana nazo zonke izinhlobo zegunya ezibhekwa njengezicindezelayo, kungaba umbuso, inkolo, noma ubukhapitali. Umbuso ubhekwa njengomdali wokungabi nabulungisa kwezikhungo, okubonakaliswa empini, ekucindezelweni, nasekuxhashazweni kwezomnotho. Ama-Anarchist akholelwa ukuthi amandla ayonakalisa, ngakho-ke, izakhiwo zobushiqela kumele ziqedwe ukuze kuvunyelwe inkululeko yangempela nokulingana.

2. Ukuzimela Komuntu Ngamunye kanye Nenkululeko:

Ama-Anarchist agcizelela ukubaluleka kokuzimela komuntu ngamunye. Umuntu ngamunye ubhekwa njengonamandla okuzibusa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokungenelela kwangaphandle. Inkululeko lapha ayisho nje kuphela inkululeko ekucindezelweni kwezepolitiki kodwa futhi nenkululeko ekuxhashazweni kwezomnotho.

3. Ubunye Nokusizana:

Izimiso zobumbano nokusizana ziyisisekelo semiphakathi yama-anarchist. UKropotkin, encwadini yakhe ethi "Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution," wagomela ngokuthi ukubambisana nobumbano kuyizimfanelo zobuntu eziye zadlala indima ebalulekile ekusindeni nasekuziphendukeleni kwethu.

I-Anarchism kwiFilosofi Yezepolitiki

1. Ukugxekwa Kombuso:

Kufilosofi yezepolitiki, umbuso uvame ukubhekwa njengoqinisekisa ukuhleleka nobulungiswa. I-Anarchism iphikisa lokhu kucabanga, ithi umbuso empeleni uyithuluzi lamandla eligcina ukungalingani kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho. Le mpikiswano, isibonelo, itholakala emsebenzini kaBakunin, owagcizelela indlela umbuso owandisa ngayo ukuxhashazwa kwesigaba sabasebenzi yisigaba esibusayo.

2. Ithiyori Yenkontileka Yezenhlalo:

Izazi zefilosofi eziningi zezombusazwe, njengoHobbes, uLocke, noRousseau, zichaza ukwakheka kombuso ngenkolelo-mbono yesivumelwano senhlalo, lapho abantu bevuma khona ukuyeka ezinye zenkululeko yabo ukuze bathole ukuphepha nokuhleleka. Ama-Anarchist ayawenqaba lo mbono, ethi izivumelwano ezinjalo azivunyelwani ngempela yibo bonke abantu futhi ziyindlela yokwenza izakhiwo zamandla ezixhaphazayo zibe semthethweni.

3. Intando yeningi vs. i-Anarchism:

Nakuba intando yeningi ivame ukubhekwa njengohlobo olulungile kakhulu lukahulumeni, i-anarchism igcizelela ukulinganiselwa kwayo. Intando yeningi yesimanje ekhululekile, ngokombono we-anarchist, isalokhu incike ezinhlakeni ezilandelanayo kanye nezikhungo zikahulumeni ezicindezelayo. Izinketho ezifana "nentando yeningi eqondile" kanye "nobumbano olukhululekile" zihambisana kakhulu nezimiso ze-anarchist ngoba zivumela ukubamba iqhaza okuqondile kanye nokuzimela kwendawo.

I-Anarchism Ekwenzeni

1. AmaZapatista:

EChiapas, eMexico, inhlangano yamaZapatista inikeza isibonelo sanamuhla sokubusa kombuso ngendlela engokoqobo. Imiphakathi yamaZapatista yenqaba uhulumeni kazwelonke futhi izibusa ngamakhansela azimele asekelwe ezimisweni zentando yeningi eqondile kanye nobumbano.

2. Inkululeko Yomphakathi:

Kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlangano zenkululeko, njengezinhlangano ezilwela inkululeko eRojava, eSyria, ziye zaphefumulela izishoshovu eziningi. Zakha izinhlaka zenhlalo nezepolitiki ezizama ukusebenzisa izimiso ze-anarchism kumongo wempi nezingxabano.

3. Izinhlangano Zomphakathi:

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano ezahlukene zomphakathi ezifana ne-Occupy Wall Street kanye nemibhikisho ye-G20 zivame ukusebenzisa izindlela zobandlululo njengesenzo esiqondile, imikhandlu ejwayelekile, kanye nezindlela zokwenza izinqumo ngokuvumelana ukuze kulwiswane nokungalingani kwezomnotho kanye nezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezingafanele.

Ukugxekwa kanye nezinselele ze-Anarchism

1. I-Utopia:

Okunye ukugxekwa okuvamile kwe-anarchism ukuthi kuyinto engavamile kakhulu futhi engenangqondo. Abagxeki bathi umphakathi ongenaso isakhiwo esibusayo ungangena esiphithiphithini. Bephendula, ama-anarchist avame ukukhomba izibonelo zomlando kanye nemikhuba yanamuhla ekhombisa ukuthi imiphakathi ingahlela kahle ngaphandle kokulawulwa kombuso.

2. Ukuxhumanisa kanye Nokuhlela:

Enye inselele engokoqobo ukuthi ungaphatha kanjani izinto ezidingekayo kanye nokuxhumana emphakathini onama-anarchist. Ama-Anarchist abhekana nalokhu ngemibono yokusabalalisa amandla kanye nokuhlangana kwenethiwekhi, lapho izinqumo zenziwa endaweni kodwa zihlanganiswa ngezivumelwano zokuzithandela phakathi kwemiphakathi.

Isiphetho

I-Anarchism, nakuba ivame ukungaqondwa kahle, inikeza ukuqonda okujulile kanye nokugxekwa kwezinhlelo zezepolitiki nezenhlalo ezikhona. Ngokugcizelela izimiso zenkululeko, ubumbano, kanye nokuzimela komuntu ngamunye, i-anarchism iphonsela inselelo imibono eyisisekelo mayelana namandla kanye nohulumeni. Ngaphakathi komongo wefilosofi yezepolitiki, i-anarchism igcizelela ukubaluleka kokungabaza ubuqiniso begunya nokufuna ezinye izindlela ezilinganayo nezikhululekile. Naphezu kokubhekana nokugxekwa nezinselele eziningi, umlando kanye nomkhuba we-anarchism kubonise ukuthi kungenzeka ukucabanga nokusebenzela umphakathi okhululekile nolungile ngempela.