Icala Lokuziphatha LikaFriedrich Nietzsche
UFriedrich Nietzsche, isazi sefilosofi saseJalimane sekhulu le-19, unendawo eyingqayizivele neyimpikiswano emlandweni wefilosofi. Ngemisebenzi efana nethi “Thus Spoke Zarathustra,” “Beyond Good and Evil,” kanye nethi “The Genealogy of Morals,” uNietzsche wanikeza inselele yokuziphatha eyanyakazisa izisekelo zokuziphatha kwendabuko kwaseNtshonalanga. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ukuthi umcabango kaNietzsche umelela kanjani inselele ezindinganisweni zokuziphatha zendabuko kanye nendlela imibono yakhe eyayikhuthaza ngayo ukwakheka kwezindinganiso ezintsha ezizalwa “yintando yamandla.”
Ukufa KukaNkulunkulu
Ukuze siqonde inselele yokuziphatha kaNietzsche, kubalulekile ukuqala ngomqondo “wokufa kukaNkulunkulu,” enye yezindikimba eziyinhloko zomcabango wakhe. Ku-“The Gay Science,” uNietzsche wabhala ngendlela edumile, “UNkulunkulu ufile. UNkulunkulu usafile. Futhi simbulele.” Lokhu akusona isitatimende semfundiso yenkolo mayelana nokufa kukaNkulunkulu okungokoqobo, kodwa kunalokho kuwukuvuma ukuthi izisekelo zendabuko zezindinganiso zokuziphatha nezokuziphatha, ezisekelwe ebuKristwini, ziye zawa enkathini yokuKhanyiselwa kanye nesimanje.
Lolu shintsho lubonisa inkinga yezindinganiso, lapho umphakathi ungasakwazi ukuthembela egunyeni likaNkulunkulu ukuze uthole isiqondiso sokuziphatha. Njengoba uNkulunkulu engekho, uNietzsche wabuza umbuzo obalulekile: Siyini isisekelo sezimiso zethu zokuziphatha namuhla? Kufanele siphile kanjani kuleli zwe eligcwele ubugovu?
Ukuziphatha Okuhle Kwezigqila vs Ukuziphatha Okuhle Kwezigqila
UNietzsche wagxila kakhulu ekuphikisaneni kokuziphatha ngemibono "yokuziphatha kwezigqila " kanye "nokuziphatha okuhle kakhulu." Waphikisana ngokuthi izindinganiso zokuziphatha ezivelele emphakathini waseNtshonalanga zaziwumphumela walokho akubiza ngokuthi ukuziphatha kwezigqila. Lokhu kuziphatha, uNietzsche waphikisana ngakho, kuvela enzondweni (ukucasuka) kwabantu ababuthakathaka nabacindezelwe ngokomlando. Izindinganiso ezifana nokuthobeka, uzwela, kanye nokuthethelela kuyindlela yazo yokubhekana nokuphindiselela ukungakwazi kwabo ukubonakala benamandla.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuziphatha okuhle kuyisimiso senani alisekelayo. Lokhu kuziphatha okuhle kuvela emandleni, ekuzimeleni, kanye nesifiso sokubusa. Izindinganiso ezifana nenhlonipho, isibindi, nokuziqhenya ziyisici salokhu kuziphatha okuhle. UNietzsche wancoma ukuziphatha okuhle okuhle njengendlela ethembekile nehloniphekile yokubonakalisa intando yomuntu.
Intando Yokubusa
Enkabeni yomcabango kaNietzsche wokuziphatha kukhona umqondo "wentando yamandla" (der Wille zur Macht). UNietzsche wabona lokhu kungekona nje ngokwezepolitiki noma ngokomzimba, kodwa njengesimiso esiyisisekelo sezinto eziphilayo. Konke ukuphila, okuphilayo noma okungaphili, kuqhutshwa yisifiso sokuziqinisa, ukuzikhulisa, nokuziqinisa.
Esimweni sokuziphatha, lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu kumele bakhe izindinganiso zabo ngokusekelwe entandweni yamandla. UNietzsche wenqaba ukuziphatha okuphelele, ebheka njengokukhohlisa okukhubaza ubuhlakani kanye namandla okuphila komuntu. Izindinganiso kumele zidalwe ngokwendlela ezibona ngayo, njengokubonakaliswa kwamandla omuntu ngamunye.
Ubermensch: Indoda Ephakeme
Enye yezibonakaliso ezidumile kakhulu zenselele yokuziphatha kaNietzsche umqondo we-"Ubermensch," noma "superman." UNietzsche wacabanga nge-Ubermensch njengomuntu okwaziyo ukudlula imingcele yokuziphatha yendabuko kanye ne-nihilism. I-Ubermensch ingumdali wenani, umuntu osebenzisa amandla angaphakathi futhi awaveze emhlabeni njengesimiso sendlela entsha yokuphila.
UNietzsche waphikisana ngokuthi i-Ubermensch inikeza ukulinganisela kokungabikho kukaNkulunkulu kanye nezindinganiso eziphelele. Ngokuzakhela izindinganiso zabo, i-Ubermensch idala incazelo ngokungenanjongo futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ithole inkululeko yangempela.
Ukubuya Kwaphakade: Umjikelezo Ongapheli
Ukuze asekele ukubaluleka kokudala izindinganiso ezintsha nokuphila ngaphandle kwezindinganiso zendabuko, uNietzsche wethula umqondo "wokubuya kwaphakade" (die ewige Wiederkehr). Lo mbono uthi konke kuziphinda ngokungenamkhawulo emjikelezweni ongapheli. UNietzsche usebenzisa lo mbono ukumema ukucabanga okujulile kwefilosofi: ubungaphila kanjani impilo yakho ukube ubuwazi ukuthi yonke imzuzu izoziphinda phakade?
Lo mbuzo ukhuthaza abantu ukuba baphile ngendlela engokoqobo futhi bathathe umthwalo wemfanelo ngezenzo zabo. Ngokucabanga ngokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kube nomjikelezo waphakade wokuphila okufanayo, abantu kulindeleke ukuthi bacabange ngazo zonke izici zokuphila kwabo ukuze bakwazi ukujabulela nokuqinisekisa ukuthi bakhona ngempela, bengaboshiwe yizimiso zokuziphatha ezivamile.
Umthelela Nokugxekwa
Nakuba uNietzsche ebhala ngentshiseko enkulu, imibono yakhe yayinezigxeko. Abanye abaphikisi babona ukuthi umqondo "wokuthanda amandla" ungasetshenziswa kabi ukuze kuthethelelwe ubudlova nokubusa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqondo we-Ubermensch wabonwa ngabanye njengowe-elitist nowokubandlulula, ohlukanisa abantu babe yisigaba lapho abambalwa kuphela abakhethiwe babhekwa njengabafanele "ukuba ngaphezulu."
Noma kunjalo, ithonya likaNietzsche emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene njengefilosofi, izincwadi, ubuciko, ngisho nokusebenza kwengqondo kwesimanje akunakuphikwa. Wavula izindlela ezintsha zokucabanga kabusha ngokuziphatha, indlela esiphila ngayo, kanye nalokho okwakha izisekelo zethu zokuziphatha.
I-Penutup
Inselele yokuziphatha kaFriedrich Nietzsche iyinselele ezindinganisweni ezithathwa kalula emphakathini wendabuko. Ngokugxeka kwakhe ukuziphatha kwezigqila, ukumelela ukuziphatha okuhle, kanye nemibono yentando yamandla kanye ne-Übermensch, uNietzsche ukhuthaza abantu ukuba bazifunele futhi bakhe izindinganiso zabo ngokuzimela. Nakuba kunempikiswano, imibono kaNietzsche isasebenza ezingxoxweni zanamuhla zokuziphatha, inkululeko, kanye nencazelo yokuphila . Ezweni lokushintsha okuqhubekayo, umcabango kaNietzsche unikeza isisekelo sokuzibuza, ukuzindla, futhi mhlawumbe, ukuzivuselela.
