Ukuqonda Umthetho KaPascal
Isebenza kanjani i-hydraulic jack/lift uma isetshenziswa ukuphakamisa imoto? Amabhuleki e-hydraulic asebenza kanjani uma isetshenziswa ukwehlisa ijubane lemoto?
Njengoba sifundile esihlokweni se- Fluid Pressure , lonke uketshezi lucindezela zonke izinto oluhlangana nazo. Amanzi esiwafaka engilazini acindezela izindonga zengilazi. Ngokufanayo, uma sigeza echibini lokubhukuda noma emanzini olwandle, amanzi acindezela umzimba wethu wonke.
Ingcindezi yamanzi iyonke ekujuleni okunikeziwe, isibonelo, ingcindezi yamanzi olwandle ekujuleni kwamamitha angu-200, iyisamba sengcindezi yomoya esetshenziswa ebusweni bolwandle kanye nengcindezi elinganisiwe ekujuleni kwamamitha angu-200. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwengqimba ephezulu yamanzi ecindezela emanzini angaphansi kwayo, kukhona nomoya, noma umoya, ocindezela ebusweni bolwandle.
Ingcindezi ekhishwa ungqimba loketshezi olungenhla ingachazwa njengokucindezela kwangaphakathi ngoba ivela ngaphakathi koketshezi, kanti ingcindezi yomoya ingachazwa njengokucindezela kwangaphandle ngoba umkhathi uhlukile koketshezi. Ingcindezi yomoya isebenza ebusweni bonke boketshezi futhi idluliselwa kulo lonke uketshezi. Ngakho-ke, ingcindezi yoketshezi iyonke ekujuleni okunikeziwe ayithonywa nje kuphela yingcindezi yongqimba loketshezi olungenhla kodwa futhi yingcindezi yomoya.
Ukuze siqonde kangcono le ncazelo, ake sibheke uketshezi olusesitsheni.
Umfutho woketshezi olungaphansi kwesitsha ngokwemvelo mkhulu kunomfutho woketshezi olungaphezu kwaso. Uma wehla, umfutho woketshezi uba mkhulu; ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho usondela phezulu kwesitsha, umfutho woketshezi uba phansi.
Ubukhulu bokucindezela buhambisana no-ρ gh (ρ = ukuminyana, g = ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi kanye no-h = ukuphakama noma ukujula). Kuzo zonke izindawo ekujuleni okufanayo, ubukhulu bokucindezela buyafana. Lokhu kusebenza kuzo zonke izinto ezimanzi kunoma yisiphi isitsha futhi akuxhomekile ekumeni kwesitsha.
Uma sisebenzisa ingcindezi yangaphandle, isibonelo ngokucindezela phezu koketshezi, ukwanda kwengcindezi ngaphakathi koketshezi kuyafana yonke indawo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kusetshenziswa ingcindezi yangaphandle, yonke ingxenye yoketshezi ithola isabelo esifanayo sengcindezi. Ngakho-ke, ingcindezi ihlala ifana kuzo zonke izindawo ekujuleni okufanayo. Lona uMthetho kaPascal, owaphakanyiswa futhi waqanjwa ngomsunguli wawo, uBlaise Pascal (1623–1662). UPascal wayengumfilosofi nososayensi waseFrance.
Isimiso sikaPascal sithi ingcindezi esetshenziswa oketshezini olusesitsheni esivaliwe izodluliselwa ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke ingxenye yoketshezi kanye nezindonga zesitsha.
Ngokwezibalo kungabhalwa kanje:
Imininingwane:
p = Ingcindezi, F = Amandla, A = Indawo engaphezulu
Igama elithi in limelela ingcindezi esetshenziswayo, kanti igama elithi out limelela ingcindezi edluliselwayo.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwesimiso SikaPascal
Beqondiswa yisimiso sikaPascal, abantu baye basungula amathuluzi amaningana, alula nayinkimbinkimbi, ukuze benze impilo ibe lula. Amanye alawa ahlanganisa ama-hydraulic jacks, ama-hydraulic lifts, amabhuleki e-hydraulic, nokuningi.
I-Hydraulic Jack noma i-Lift
Indlela i-hydraulic jack noma i-lift esebenza ngayo iboniswe esithombeni.
I-hydraulic jack yakhiwe umkhumbi onezindawo ezimbili. Kuzo zombili izindawo kukhona i-piston, indawo engaphezulu ye-piston ngakwesobunxele incane kunendawo engaphezulu ye-piston ngakwesokudla. Indawo engaphezulu ye-piston ilungiswa endaweni engaphezulu yomkhumbi. Umkhumbi ugcwele uketshezi, njengesithambisi.
Uma i-piston, enendawo encane ebusweni, icindezelwa phansi, khona-ke yonke ingxenye yoketshezi nayo iyahambisana nayo.
icindezelwe. Inani lokucindezela okukhishwa yi-piston enendawo encane ebusweni (isithombe sesobunxele) lidluliselwa kuzo zonke izingxenye zoketshezi. Ngenxa yalokho, uketshezi lucindezela i-piston enendawo enkulu ebusweni (isithombe sesokudla) kuze kube yilapho i-piston icindezelwa phezulu. Indawo engaphezulu ye-piston ecindezelwayo incane, ngakho-ke amandla adingekayo ukucindezela uketshezi nawo mancane. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ukucindezela (Ukucindezela = amandla / indawo yeyunithi) kudluliswa kulo lonke uketshezi, amandla amancane aphenduka amandla amakhulu kakhulu lapho uketshezi lucindezela i-piston ngakwesokudla enendawo enkulu ebusweni. Akuvamile ukuba abantu basebenzise amandla okufaka e-piston enendawo enkulu ebusweni, ngoba akuzuzisi. Phezulu kwe-piston enendawo enkulu ebusweni, into noma ingxenye yento ezophakanyiswa (isibonelo, imoto) ivame ukubekwa.
Ungamangali uma imoto enobunzima obukhulu kakhulu ingaphakanyiswa kalula ngokucindezela nje enye yama-piston. Indawo engaphezulu ye-piston incane kakhulu, ngakho-ke amandla esiwasebenzisayo nawo mancane. Kodwa-ke, la mandla amancane okufaka angaguqulwa abe amandla amakhulu okukhipha uma indawo engaphezulu yokukhipha inkulu kakhulu.
Uma i-hydraulic jack iklanyelwe ukuphakamisa imoto esindayo kakhulu, umklami kudingeka acabangele amandla adonsela phansi emoto kanye namandla okukhipha i-jack. Uma isisindo semoto ephakanyiswayo sikhulu, kulapho indawo yokukhipha i-jack inkulu khona. Okungenani, amandla okukhipha akhiqizwa yi-hydraulic jack kufanele abe makhulu noma alingane nesisindo sento ephakanyiswayo.
Isibonelo sombuzo 1:
A 1 = 100 cm 2
A 2 = 250 cm 2
F 1 = 200 N
Kubuziwe: F 2
Ingxoxo
Isibonelo sombuzo 2:
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
A 1 = 100 cm 2 = 100 x 10 -4 m 2 = 0,01 m 2
A 2 = 250 cm 2 = 250 x 10 -4 m 2 = 0,025 m 2
Isisindo somthwalo = 200 kg
Ubuningi bamafutha (ρ) = 780 kg/ m3
Ukuphakama kwekholomu kawoyela (h) = amamitha ama-2
Ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi (g) = 10 m/s 2
Kubuziwe: Iyini amandla okufaka amancane (F) ukuze umthwalo ulingane (umthwalo ungahambi)?
Impendulo:
